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The use of green infrastructure and irrigation in the mitigation of urban heat in a desert city

Building Simulation 2024年第5期17卷 679-694页

作者： Kai Gao Shamila Haddad Riccardo Paolini Jie Feng Muzahim Altheeb Abdulrahman AI Mogirah Abdullatif Bin Moammar Mattheos Santamouris School of Built Environment Faculty of ArtsDesign and ArchitectureUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Royal Commission of Riyadh City RiyadhSaudi Arabia Institute of future cities Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Severe urban heat,a prevalent climate change consequence,endangers city residents ***-based mitigation strategies are commonly employed to address this ***,the Middle East and North Africa are under investigated in terms of heat mitigation,despite being one of the regions most vulnerable to climate *** study assesses the feasibility and climatic implications of wide-scale implementation of green infrastructure(GI)for heat mitigation in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia—a representative desert city characterized by low vegetation coverage,severe summer heat,and *** research forecasting model(WRF)is used to simulate GI cooling measures in Riyadh’s summer condition,including measures of increasing vegetation coverage up to 60%,considering irrigation and vegetation types(tall/short).In Riyadh,without irrigation,increasing GI fails to cool the city and can even lead to warming(0.1 to 0.3℃).Despite irrigation,Riyadh’s overall GI cooling effect is 50% lower than GI cooling expectations based on literature meta-analyses,in terms of average peak hour temperature *** study highlights that increased irrigation substantially raises the rate of direct soil evaporation,reducing the proportion of irrigation water used for transpiration and thus diminishing ***,water resource management must be tailored to these specific considerations.

关键词： green infrastructure evapotranspiration cooling desert city irrigation urban overheating

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Original Research Confounding associations between green space and outdoor artificial light at night: Systematic investigations and implications for urban health

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期 341-349页

作者： Yang Liu Mei-Po Kwan Jianying Wang Jiannan Cai Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of Space and Earth Information Science The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of future cities The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Excessive urbanization leads to considerable nature deficiency and abundant artificial infrastructure in urban areas,which triggered intensive discussions on people's exposure to green space and outdoor artificial light at night(ALAN).Recent academic progress highlights that people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN may be confounders of each other but lacks systematic *** study investigates the associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN by adopting the three most used research paradigms:population-level residence-based,individual-level residencebased,and individual-level mobility-oriented *** employed the green space and outdoor ALAN data of 291 Tertiary Planning Units in Hong Kong for population-level *** also used data from 940 participants in six representative communities for individual-level *** Kong green space and outdoor ALAN were derived from high-resolution remote sensing *** total exposures were derived using the spatiotemporally weighted *** results confirm that the negative associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN are universal across different research paradigms,spatially non-stationary,and consistent among different socio-demographic *** also observed that mobility-oriented measures may lead to stronger negative associations than residence-based measures by mitigating the contextual errors of residence-based *** results highlight the potential confounding associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN,and we strongly recommend relevant studies to consider both of them in modeling people's health outcomes,especially for those health outcomes impacted by the co-exposure to them.

关键词： Green space Outdoor ALAN Co-exposure Confounding Mobility Spatial non-stationarity

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Solute flow and particle transport in aquatic ecosystems: A review on the effect of emergent and rigid vegetation

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 77-91页

作者： Judy Q.Yang St.Anthony Falls Laboratory Department of CivilEnvironmentaland Geo-EngineeringUniversity of Minnesota Twin CitiesMNUSA

In-channel vegetation is ubiquitous in aquatic environments and plays a critical role in the fate and transport of solutes and particles in aquatic *** studies have advanced our understanding of the role of vegetation in solute flow and particle transport in aquatic *** review summarizes these papers and discusses the impacts of emergent and rigid vegetation on the surface flow,the advection and dispersion of solutes,suspended load transport,bedload transport,and hyporheic *** two competing effects of emergent vegetation on the above transport processes are *** the one hand,emergent vegetation reduces mean flow velocity at the same surface slope,which reduces mass *** the other hand,at the same mean flow velocity,vegetation generates turbulence,which enhances mass *** understanding of these two competing effects and predictive equations derived from laboratory experiments are *** equations for the mean flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy inside an emergent vegetation canopy are derived based on force and energy *** impacts of emergent vegetation on the advection-dispersion process,the suspended load and bedload transport,and the hyporheic exchange are *** impacts of other vegetation-related factors,such as vegetation morphology,submergence,and flexibility,are briefly *** role of vegetation in transporting other particles,such as micro-and macro-plastics,is also briefly ***,suggestions for future research directions are proposed to advance the understanding of the dynamic interplays among natural vegetation,flow dynamics,and sedimentary processes.

关键词： transport load flow

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Relationship Between Individuals’Epidemic Risk Perception Within Living Space and Subjective Well-Being:Empirical Evidence from China after the First Wave of COVID-19

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第2期34卷 369-382页

作者： SONG Jiangyu ZHOU Suhong KWAN Mei-Po ZHENG Zhong School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster Guangzhou 510275China Institute of Space and Earth Information Science the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Geography and Resource Management the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Institute of future cities the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Center for Territorial Spatial Planning and Real Estate Studies Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519000China

It is common to observe the epidemic risk perception(ERP)and a decline in subjective well-being(SWB)in the context of public health events,such as Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).However,there have been few studies exploring the impact of individuals’ERP within living space on their SWB,especially from a geographical and daily activity perspective after the resumption of work and other activities following a wave of the *** this paper,we conducted a study with 789 participants in urban China,measuring their ERP within living space and examining its influence on their SWB using path *** results indicated that individuals’ERP within their living space had a significant negative effect on their *** density of certain types of facilities within their living space,such as bus stops,subway stations,restaurants,fast food shops,convenience shops,hospitals,and public toilets,had a significantly negative impact on their SWB,mediated by their ERP within living ***,participation in out-of-home work and other activities not only increased individuals’ERP within living space,but also strengthened its negative effect on their SWB.

关键词： subjective well-being epidemic risk perception living space the density of facilities out-of-home activities

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Resilience indices from a family of recovery functions

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Fundamental Research 2024年第1期4卷 13-20页

作者： Loon Ching Tang Lijuan Shen Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Management National University of Singapore117576 Singapore ETH Zurich Future Resilient SystemsSingapore-ETH Centre138602 Singapore

Defining and measuring resilience using a unified framework has been a topic of intense *** article presents a perspective on how resilience could be quantitatively assessed through a set of *** starts with a brief explanation of resilience in the context of supply chain and a quick summary of existing quantitative measures of *** then discusses how resilience could be quantified in a constructive manner so that the resulting metrics are representative of the performance throughout the system's life *** particular,it is proposed that resilience should be evaluated according to different time periods,***,during and after a disruption has *** dimensions of resilience,namely reliability,robustness,recovery and reconfigurability,can then be used to make up a set of indices for *** numerical illustration,these indices are computed based on recovery data arising from Hurricane Sandy in October ***,it is postulated that resilience will be the performance metric that complements productivity and sustainability as the third pillar for measuring success of organizations,and in turn,that of sovereign countries in their quests for developing smart cities.

关键词： Systems resilience Recovery function Recovery index Robustness index Reconfigurability

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Can Engineers Lead Again?

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Engineering 2016年第1期2卷 19-20页

作者： Keith Clarke Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon future cities catapult Forum for the future

The industrial revolution which transformed Europe, and Britain in particular-was led by engineers. From James Watt to Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the finest engineers combined a whole host of skills and disciplines. They were entrepreneurs, developers, lobbyists, financiers, contractors, designers, manufac- turers, and project managers-all rolled into one. And, above all, they were leaders.

关键词：工程师工业革命项目经理企业家开发商承包商设计者制造者

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Building reconstruction from airborne laser scanning data

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第1期16卷 35-44页

作者： HUANG Xianfeng future cities Laboratory Department of ArchitectureETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland

The research on building model reconstruction has been a long-term hot topic in both the photogrammetry and computer vision *** airborne laser scanning technique provides new opportunities for building model *** many investigations on building reconstruction using point clouds,there are still many unresolved problems that need further research,especially fully automatic methods and intelligent user-friendly *** article surveys the methods,tools and problems of building model reconstruction using point clouds *** article also points out some important but unnoticed problems in building reconstruction according to our previous *** hope our comments article can be helpful for researchers in understanding their position and for new researcher in acquiring general information.

关键词： building model reconstruction airborne laser scanning point clouds

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Spatial modeling issues in future smart cities

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第1期16卷 7-12页

作者： Gerhard SCHMITT Department of Architecture and future cities Laboratory ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerlandand ETH CREATESingapore

It is our goal to make today’s and future cities smart,sustainable and *** order to achieve this,it is fundamental to understand how each city works,to formalize the knowledge gained and to apply it to a city model as the base for simulations that can generate future scenarios with a high level of *** nature of this model,which must cover design,qualitative and quantitative aspects,has changed over *** this study,we focus on the role of the spatial dimension and of geometry in a city *** from being a dominating generative force in ancient cities,spatial modeling has developed into an underlying description language for present and future cities to define functions and properties of the city in space and *** example of the stocks and flows model applied to the city depicts where and how spatial modeling influences the design,construction and performance of the future Smart City.

关键词： future cities spatial modeling stocks and flows city models reality-based 3D models

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Interdisciplinary urban GIS for smart cities:advancements and opportunities

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第1期16卷 25-34页

作者： Wang TAO future cities Laboratory Singapore ETH Centre1 CREATE Way#06-01 CREATE TowerSingapore 138602Singapore

As urbanization process has been and will be happening in an unprecedented scale worldwide,strong requirements from academic research and practical fields for smart management and intelligent planning of cities are pressing to handle increasing demands of infrastructure and potential risks of inhabitants’agglomeration in disaster *** data and geographic information systems(GISs)are essential components for building smart cities in a basic way that maps the physical world into virtual environment as a referencing *** higher level,GIS has been becoming very important in smart cities on different *** the digital city era,digital maps and geospatial databases have long been integrated in workflows in land management,urban planning and transportation in *** have anticipated GIS to be more powerful not only as an archival and data management tool but also as spatial models for supporting decision-making in intelligent *** applications have been developed in private and public organizations by using GIS as a platform for data integration,a system for geospatial analysis and collection of models for visualization and ***-based services on smart mobile devices in ubiquitous telecommunication networks are now an indispensable function that expands knowledge of the nature and connections among *** data side,crowd-sourcing,real-time urban sensing and true 3-dimensional(3D)models and visualization have provided more advantages of GIS to final users and at the same time challenged current available solutions and technologies of data handling,visualization and human–computer *** the technological side,Web 2.0 participatory applications provide the framework and environment for GIS to closer link to photogrammetry and computer vision,which empowers smart devices more *** to manage big geo-tagged data volumes collected by numerous sensors and implement professional GIS fu

关键词： smart cities interdisciplinary urban GIS SDI cloud computing VGI

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An observed nocturnal ozone transport event in the Sichuan Basin,Southwestern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 10-18页

作者： Ruyue Guo Guangming Shi Dan Zhang Yang Chen Chao Peng Chongzhi Zhai Fumo Yang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China College of Carbon Neutrality future Technology Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China National Engineering Research Center on Flue Gas Desulfurization Chengdu 610065China Chongqing Academy of Eco-Environmental Science Chongqing 401147China Research Center for Atmospheric Environment Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation&Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing Chongqing 401147China

The ozone(O_(3))pollution in China drew lots of attention in recent years,and the Sichuan Basin(SCB)was one of the regions confronting worsening O_(3)pollution *** previous studies have shown that regional transport is an important contributor to O_(3)***,very few features of the O_(3)profile during transport have been reported,especially in the border regions between different administrative *** this study,we conducted tethered balloon soundings in SCB during the summer of 2020 and captured a nocturnal O_(3)transport event during the ***,the O_(3)transport occurred in the bottom of the residual layer,between 200 and 500 m above ground ***,the transport pathway was directed from southeast to northwest based on the analysis of the wind field and air mass *** effect of transport in the residual layer on the surface O_(3)concentration was related to the spatial distribution of O_(3).For cities with high O_(3)concentrations in the upwind region,the transport process would bring clean air masses and abate *** downwind lightly polluted cities,the transport process would slow down the decreasing or even increase the surface O_(3)concentration during the *** provided observational facts on the profile features of a transboundary O_(3)transport event between two provincial administrative divisions,which implicated the importance of joint prevention and control ***,the sounding parameters were limited and the quantitative analysis was preliminary,more integrated,and thorough studies of this topic were called for in the future.

关键词： Ozone Sichuan basin Transport event Vertical profile

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