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Hot Deformation Behavior and Workability of a New Ni–W–Cr Superalloy for Molten Salt Reactors

Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第8期37卷 1453-1466页

作者： Long Liu Zijian Zhou Jie Yu Xinguang Wang Chuanyong Cui Rui Zhang Yizhou Zhou Xiaofeng Sun Shi‑Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China fushun special steel co. LtdFushun 113000China

The hot deformation behavior of a newly developed Ni–W–Cr superalloy for use in 800℃molten salt reactors(MSRs)was looked into by isothermal compression tests in the temperature range of 1050–1200℃with a strain rate of 0.001–1 s^(−1)under a true strain of *** Arrhenius-type model for the Ni–W–Cr superalloy was constructed by fitting the corrected flow stress *** this model,the effect of dispersion of solid solution elements during thermal deformation on microstructure evolution was considered,as well as the effects of friction and adiabatic heating on the temperature and strain rate-dependent variation of flow *** hot deformation activation energy of the Ni–W–Cr superalloy was 323 kJ/mol,which was less than that of the Hastelloy N alloy(currently used in MSRs).According to the rectified flow stress data,processing maps were *** conjunction with the corresponding deformation microstructures,the flow instability domains of the Ni–W–Cr superalloy were determined to be 1050–1160℃/0.03–1 s^(−1)and 1170–1200℃/0.001–0.09 s^(−1).In these deformation conditions,a locally inhomogeneous microstructure was caused by flow-i.e.,incomplete dynamic recrystallization and hot working parameters should avoid sliding into these *** ideal processing hot deformation domain for the Ni–W–Cr superalloy was determined to be 1170–1200℃/0.6–1 s^(−1).

关键词： Ni-W-Cr Superalloy Hot deformation behavior constitutive equation Processing map Microstructure evolution

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Effect of droplet characteristics on liquid-phase distribution in spray zone of internal mixing air-mist nozzle

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China Foundry 2024年第2期21卷 185-196页

作者： Wei-li Wu Chang-gui Cheng Yang Li Shi-fa Wei De-li Chen The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and steelmaking Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Technology Center Fushun Special Steel Co.Ltd.Fushun 113001LiaoningChina

In continuous casting production,droplet characteristics are important parameters for evaluating the nozzle atomization quality,and have a significant impact on the secondary cooling effect and the slab *** order to study the behavior of atomized droplets after reaching the slab surface and to optimize the spray cooling effect,the influence of droplet diameter and droplet velocity on the migration behavior of droplets in the secondary cooling zone was analyzed by FLUENT *** show that the droplets in the spray zone and on the slab surface are mainly concentrated in the center,thus,the liquid volume fraction in the center is higher than that of either *** the droplet diameter increases,the region of high liquid volume fraction on the slab surface becomes wider,and the liquid phase distribution in the slab width direction becomes *** increasing the droplet velocity at the nozzle exit has little effect on droplet diffusion in the spray zone,the distribution becomes more uneven due to more liquid reaches the slab surface per unit time.A prediction formula of the maximum water flow rate on the slab surface for specific droplet characteristics was proposed based on dimensionless analysis and validated by simulated data.A nozzle spacing of 210 mm was recommended under the working conditions in this study,which ensures effective coverage of the spray water over the slab surface and enhances the distribution uniformity of water flow rate in the transverse direction.

关键词： continuous casting secondary cooling zone internal mixing air-mist nozzle droplet characteristics liquid phase distribution water flow rate

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Effect of Al content on modification behavior of non-metallic inclusions in high-strength steel treated with rare earth

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2024年第8期31卷 1886-1899页

作者： Zhan-peng Tie Xue-yuan Jiang Hai-yan Tang ·Gen Li Yu-hang Wang Jia-quan Zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China continuous Casting Business Section CISDI Engineering Co.Ltd.Chongqing 401122China special steel Institute Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co.Ltd.Beijing 100081China

The influence of Al content(0.0053,0.0171,and 0.0578 wt.%)on the modification behavior of non-metallic inclusions in 20CrMoVTiB steel treated with rare earth elements was studied through high-temperature experiments and thermodynamic *** results showed that the modification products varied with the Al content in steel under 0.01 wt.%of Ce *** formation sequence of typical rare earth inclusions in steel with the increase in Al content was Ce_(2)O_(3)→CeAlO_(3)→CeAl_(11)O_(18),and the final stable products were highly Al content *** the Al content was 0.0053 wt.%,the stable phase in steel was Ce2O3;while the[Al]reached 0.0171 wt.%,the stable phase became CeA1O_(3).As the A1 content reached 0.0578 wt.%,CeAl_(11)O_(18) became the stable *** a result,increasing the Al content could inhibit the precipitation of Ce_(2)O_(3) inclusions in steel while promote the formation of CeAIO3 and CeAl_(11)O_(18) *** addition,both Ca treatment and Ce treatment could effectively refine the size of inclusions in steel by changing their ***,the feeding amount of Ca wire into molten steel should be appropriately reduced under the condition of adding Ce simultaneously,which is expected to be beneficial for an improved Ce treatment effect.

关键词： Rare earth Al content steel Inclusion Thermodynamics Ca treatment

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Effect of Mo and cold forging deformation on strength and ductility of cobalt-based alloy L605

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2024年第7期31卷 1811-1823页

作者： Zhong-lin Wang Zhi-hua Gong Quan Li Han-sheng Bao School of Materials and Metallurgy Inner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotou 014017Inner MongoliaChina Institute of special steels Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co.Ltd.Beijing 100081China

Mo element was added to cobalt-based alloy L605,and cold forging deformation was *** effects of the addition and cold forging deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were studied by thermodynamic calculation,electron backscatter diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray *** stacking fault energy(SFE)of the alloy decreased after the addition,and the formation of stacking faults and intersections were promoted to improve the strength and *** tensile strength of the alloy with Mo increased from 1190 to 1702 MPa after 24%cold deformation,producing significant work *** strengthening mechanism is strain-induced martensitic transformation(SIMT)and deformation *** alloy,combined with Mo and after 24%deformation,had both high strength and ductility in comparison with the original cobalt-based alloy *** is attributed to the lower SFE which caused the increase in stacking fault *** the tensile process,theε-hcp phase was easily generated at the stacking fault to reduce the stress concentration and increase the *** SIMT by adjusting the density of stacking faults can improve the mechanical properties of cobalt-based ***ε-hcp phase,the interaction between deformation twins and dislocations,and the interaction between e-hcp phases during cold forging deformation caused local stress concentration,lowering ductility and toughness.

关键词： cobalt-based alloy-Stacking fault energy Strain-induced martensitic transformation Deformation twin cold forging deformation

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Propagation form of internal cracks induced by continuous casting soft reduction and control strategy for internal quality

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2024年第3期31卷 622-633页

作者： Pu Wang Liang Chen Qun-wei Tang Wei-tao Li Shao-xiang Li Jia-quan Zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Weifang special steel Group co..ltd. Weifang 262400ShandongChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The propagation form of internal cracks induced by continuous casting soft reduction and the control strategy for enhancing the internal quality of 45 steel through industrial trials and a three-dimensional flow-heat transfer-solidification coupling model were *** results showed that the internal cracks induced by soft reduction exhibited a characteristic of being"coarse in the middle and fine at both ends",and displayed an elliptical arc distribution on the loose side of the strand cross *** cracks originated within the brittle temperature range and propagated inward to the liquid impenetrable temperature and outward to the zero ductility temperature or *** control strategy for enhancing the internal quality of the 45 steel strand through soft reduction is to adjust the casting speed or the reduction zone appropriately,ensuring that the central solid fraction of the reduction zone falls within the range of *** this point,a reasonable reduction amount is allocated to eliminate the center shrinkage cavities and center segregation,even if it results in minor reduction-induced cracks.

关键词： continuous casting Soft reduction Crack propagation Internal quality control strategy

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Fabricating functionally graded Fe-Cr-co permanent magnetic alloys via laser powder bed fusion

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2024年第3期31卷 729-737页

作者： Ya-zhou He Ya-qing Hou Peng Shen Hao Zhang Dong Zhou Hang Su Central Iron and steel Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China Material Digital R&D Center China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100081China

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)in-situ alloying technology offers the possibility to construct gradient materials with varied structures and *** graded Fe-Cr-co permanent magnetic alloys were fabricated by LPBF and in-situ alloying mixed powders of Fe,Cr,and co *** effects of different Fe,Cr and co contents on the microstructure,magnetic properties and hardness of Fe-Cr-co alloys prepared by LPBF were *** as-built Fe-Cr-co alloys present a single body-centered-cubic phase and have a homogeneous distribution of *** mechanical properties and magnetic properties of the compositionally graded sample show a gradient *** the increase in Cr content,the Vickers hardness of the sample increases,and the saturation magnetization of the sample *** optimal magnetic properties in an isotropic state are given as coercivity HcB=21.65 kA/m,remanence Br=0.70 T and energy product(BH)_(max)=5.35 kJ/m^(3),which are comparable to or higher than the reported magnetic properties in an isotropic state prepared by traditional powder *** in-situ alloying technology has the potential to further explore Fe-Cr-co magnetic materials,such as those consisting of multiple or more constituent elements,and to maximize the compositional flexibility of magnetic materials.

关键词： Fe-Cr-co alloy Laser powder bed fusion In-situ alloying Functional material Magnetic property

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Effects of cooling rate on microstructure and microhardness of directionally solidified Galvalume alloy

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China Foundry 2024年第3期21卷 213-220页

作者： Ji-peng Li De-gao Qiao Jian Li Xiao-yang Luo Peng Peng Xian-tao Yan Xu-dong Zhang Gansu Jiu steel Group Hongxing Iron and steel co. Ltd.Jiayuguan 735111GansuChina School of Materials and Energy Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

The influences of cooling rate on the phase constitution,microstructural length scale,and microhardness of directionally solidified Galvalume(Zn-55Al-1.6Si)alloy were investigated by directional solidification experiments at different withdrawal speeds(5,10,20,50,100,200,and 400μm·s^(-1)).The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified Galvalume alloys is composed of primary Al dendrites,Si-rich phase and(Zn-Al-Si)ternary eutectics at the withdrawal speed ranging from 5 to 400μm·s^(-1).As the withdrawal speed increases,the segregation of Si element intensifies,resulting in an increase in the area fraction of the Si-rich *** addition,the primary Al dendrites show significant refinement with an increase in the withdrawal *** relationship between the primary dendrite arm spacing(λ_(1))and the thermal parameters of solidification is obtained:λ_(1)=127.3V^(-0.31).Moreover,as the withdrawal speed increases from 5 to 400μm·s^(-1),the microhardness of the alloy increases from 90 HV to 151 *** is a combined effect of grain refinement and second-phase strengthening.

关键词： Galvalume alloy directional solidification microstructure length scale microhardness

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The effects of deformation parameters and cooling rates on the aging behavior of AZ80+0.4%Ce

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 639-658页

作者： Yongbiao Yang Jinxuan Guo Cuiying Wang Ting Yan Zhang Wenxuan Jiang Zhimin Zhang Qiang Wang Guojun Li Jun Wang college of Materials Science and Engineering North University of ChinaLane 3Xueyuan RoadTaiyuanShanxiChina030051 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Stainless steel Materials Taiyuan Iron Steel(Group)Co.Ltd.Taiyuan 030003China Technology Center Shanxi Taigang Stainless Steel Co.Ltd.Taiyuan 030003China

The extruded AZ80+0.4%Ce magnesium alloy was twisted in the temperature range of 300-380℃by using a Gleeble 3500 thermal simulation test machine with a torsion *** deformed cylindrical specimens were cooled at a cooling rate of 10℃/s or 0.1℃/s,respectively,and aged at 170℃.The microstructure analysis results showed that the grain size decreased with increasing specimen radial position from center(SRPC),and that the strong initial basal texture of the extruded magnesium alloy was *** continuous and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization mechanisms were involved in contributing to the grain refinement for all specimens *** a novel extension twinning induced dynamic recrystallization mechanism was proposed for specimen deformed at 300℃.For the specimens deformed at 300℃and 340℃followed by a slow cooling rate(0.1℃/s),precipitates of various shapes(β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)),with the dominant precipitates being on the grains boundaries,appeared on the surface *** specimen deformed at 380℃,lamellar precipitates(LPS)in the interiors of the grains were *** aging,the LPS still dominated for specimens twisted at 380℃;however,the LPS gradually decreased with decreasing deformation temperatures from 380℃to 300℃.Dynamically precipitatedβ,especially those decorating the grain boundaries,changed the competition pictures for the LPS and precipitates of other shapes after ***,LPS dominated the areas for the center section of the specimens after aging regardless of deformation *** temperature deformation with high SRPC followed by rapid cooling rate increased the micro hardness of the alloy after aging due to refined grain,reduced precipitates size,decreased lamellar spacing as well as strain hardening.

关键词： AZ80+0.4%Ce magnesium alloy Hot torsion Deformation parameters cooling rate Aging Micro hardness

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Reaction mechanism between Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractory materials and rare earth high-carbon heavy rail steel

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2024年第5期31卷 1153-1163页

作者： Yi Wang Guang-jie Song Ping Shen Jian-zhong He Da-xian Zhang Jian-xun Fu Center for Advanced Solidification Technology(CAST) School of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Advanced Special SteelShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China State Key Laboratory of Baiyunebo Rare Earth Resources Research and comprehensive Utilization Baotou014030Inner MongoliaChina Inner Mongolia Baotou steel Union co. Ltd.Baotou014030Inner MongoliaChina

Submerged entry nozzle(SEN)clogging is a major problem affecting the production quality of rare earth steel,and finding a suitable refractory outlet can significantly reduce production *** explore the relationship between refractory composition and interface interaction,unprotected coated Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories and SiO2-coated Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories were added to rare earth high-carbon heavy rail steel under laboratory conditions,and the Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractory was found to be more *** results show that,from the epoxy resin side to the refractory side,the contour of the refractory interface reaction layer can be divided into two main layers:an iron-rich reaction layer and an iron-poor reaction *** based on the spherical model suggest that the adhesion force is proportional to the size of the refractory particles and inclusions,and the same result applies to the surface *** the inclusions at a smaller size has a specific effect on alleviating the erosion of *** with the erosion mechanism of Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories,the interface reaction mechanism between Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories and molten steel was proposed,which provides ideas for solving SEN clogging.

关键词： Rare earth high-carbon heavy rail steel Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO refractory Adhesion Surface tension Interface interaction

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Improving mechanical properties and high-temperature oxidation of press hardened steel by adding Cr and Si

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第8期31卷 1865-1875页

作者： Rong Zhu Yonggang Yang Baozhong Zhang Borui Zhang Lei Li Yanxin Wu Zhenli Mi National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 102206China Manufacturing Management Department Ningbo Iron&Steel Co.Ltd.Ningbo 315800China Hunan Valin Lianyuan Iron and steel co. Ltd.Loudi 417009China

This work investigated the effect of Cr and Si on the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of press hardened *** indicated that the microstructure of the Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel consisted of lath martensite,M_(23)C_(6)carbides,and retained *** retained austenite and carbides are responsible for the increase in elongation of the micro-alloyed *** addition,after oxidation at 930℃for 5 min,the thickness of the oxide scales on the Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel is less than 5μm,much thinner than 45.50μm-thick oxide scales on *** oxide scales of the Cr-Si micro-alloyed steel are composed of Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe_(3)O_(4),mixed spinel oxide(FeCr_(2)O_(4)and Fe_(2)SiO_(4)),and amorphous SiO_(2).Adding Cr and Si significantly reduces the thickness of the oxide scales and prevents the generation of the FeO *** to the increase of spinel FeCr_(2)O_(4)and Fe_(2)SiO_(4)phase in the inner oxide scale and the amorphous SiO_(2)close to the substrate,the oxidation resistance of the Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel is improved.

关键词： Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel mechanical properties oxidation resistance amorphous SiO_(2)

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