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MXenes and heterostructures-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction:Recent developments and future outlook

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 176-206页

作者： Abdul Hanan Hafiz Taimoor Ahmed Awan Faiza Bibi Raja Rafidah Raja Sulaiman Wai Yin Wong Rashmi Walvekar Seema Singh Mohammad Khalid Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology(SCEEST) School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo.5 Jalan UniversitiBandar Sunway47500 Petaling JayaSelangorMalaysia fuel cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Innovation and Technology School of EngineeringChemical Engineering ProgrammeNo.1 Jalan Taylor’sTaylor’s University Malaysia47500 Subang JayaSelangorMalaysia Chitkara Centre for research and Development Chitkara UniversityHimachal Pradesh 174103India School of Applied and Life Sciences Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunUttarakhand 248007India Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Centre of research Impact and Outcome Chitkara UniversityPunjab 140401India

The increasing focus on electrocatalysis for sustainable hydrogen(H_(2))production has prompted significant interest in MXenes,a class of two-dimensional(2D)materials comprising metal carbides,carbonitrides,and *** materials exhibit intriguing chemical and physical properties,including excellent electrical conductivity and a large surface area,making them attractive candidates for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).This scientific review explores recent advancements in MXene-based electrocatalysts for HER *** discusses various compositions,functionalities,and explicit design principles while providing a comprehensive overview of synthesis methods,exceptional properties,and electro-catalytic approaches for H_(2) production via electrochemical ***,challenges and future prospects in designing MXenes-based electrocatalysts with enhanced kinetics are highlighted,emphasizing the potential of incorporating different metals to expand the scope of electrochemical *** review suggests possible efforts for developing advanced MXenes-based electrocatalysts,particularly for efficient H_(2) generation through electrochemical water-splitting reactions..

关键词： MXenes Electrocatalyst Water Splitting Hydrogen Generation Clean Energy

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Development and optimisation of electrode materials in solid oxide fuel cells

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电池 2002年第3期32卷 133-137页

作者： JIANG San ping(fuel cell strategic research programme, School of Mechanical and Production Engineering,Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798) fuel cell strategic research programme School of Mechanical and Production Engineering Nanyang Technological University 新加坡 639798

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an all solid electrochemical device to convert fuels such as hydrogen and natural gas to electricity with high efficiency and very low greenhouse gas emission compared to traditional thermal power generation plants. Moreover, the reliability and efficiency of SOFC is critically dependent on the performance and stability of its components including anode, cathode and electrolyte. This in turn is largely dependent on the material selection and the fabrication processes. In this paper, specific examples are given to demonstrate strategy and process in the development and optimisation of electrode materials such as Ni/Y 2O 3 ZrO 2 cermet anodes and (LaSr)MnO 3 based cathodes. The results also demonstrate the importance of fabrication processes and that the understanding of the electrode process plays a very important role in the optimisation process of electrode materials.

关键词：固体氧化物燃料电池电极材料电极优化

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A machine learning driven 3D+1D model for efficient characterization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Energy and AI

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 281-294页

作者： Yuwei Pan Haijun Ruan Billy Wu Yagya N.Regmi Huizhi Wang Nigel P.Brandon Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Centre for E-Mobility and Clean Growth Coventry UniversityCoventry CV15FBUK Manchester fuel cell Innovation Centre Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M15GDUK Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

The computational demands of 3D continuum models for proton exchange membrane fuel cells remain substantial. One prevalent approach is the hierarchical model combining a 2D/3D flow field with a 1D sub-model for the catalyst layers and membrane. However, existing studies often simplify the 1D domain to a linearized 0D lumped model, potentially resulting in significant errors at high loads. In this study, we present a computationally efficient neural network driven 3D+1D model for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The 3D sub-model captures transport in the gas channels and gas diffusion layers and is coupled with a 1D electrochemical sub-model for microporous layers, membrane, and catalyst layers. To reduce computational intensity of the full 1D description, a neural network surrogates the 1D electrochemical sub-model for coupling with the 3D domain. Trained by model-generated large synthetic datasets, the neural network achieves root mean square errors of less than 0.2%. The model is validated against experimental results under various relative humidities. It is then employed to investigate the nonlinear distribution of internal states under different operating conditions. With the neural network operating at 0.5% of the computing cost of the 1D sub-model, the hybrid model preserves a detailed and nonlinear representation of the internal fuel cell states while maintaining computational costs comparable to conventional 3D+0D models. The presented hybrid data-driven and physical modeling framework offers high accuracy and computing speed across a broad spectrum of operating conditions, potentially aiding the rapid optimization of both the membrane electrode assembly and the gas channel geometry.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Hierarchical model Neural network Hybrid model

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CRL2^(APPBP2)-mediated TSPYL2 degradation counteracts human mesenchymal stem cell senescence

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 460-474页

作者： Daoyuan Huang Qian Zhao Kuan Yang Jinghui Lei Ying Jing Hongyu Li Chen Zhang Shuai Ma Shuhui Sun Yusheng Cai Guibin Wang Jing Qu Weiqi Zhang Si Wang Guang-Hui Liu Advanced Innovation Centerfor Human Brain Protection National Clinical Research Centerfor Geriatric DisordersXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Aging Translational MedicineCenter International Centerfor Aging and CancerBejing Municipal GeriatricMedical Research CenterXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Institute for Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing100101China CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Bejing Institute of Genomics and China National Center for BioinformationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration CASBeijing 100101China The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing Chongqing 400062China Sino-Danish Cllege University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101408China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules CAS Center for Excelence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China State Key Laboratory of Proteomics Beijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing 102206China

Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases(CRLs),the largest family of multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligases in eukaryotic cells,represent core cellular machinery for executing protein degradation and maintaining ***,we asked what roles Cullin proteins play in human mesenchymal stem cell(hMSC)homeostasis and *** this end,we conducted a comparative aging phenotype analysis by individually knocking down Cullin members in three senescence models:replicative senescent hMSCs,Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome hMSCs,and Werner syndrome *** all family members,we found that CUL2 deficiency rendered hMSCs the most susceptible to *** investigate CUL2-specific underlying mechanisms,we then applied CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing technology to generate CUL2-deficient human embryonic stem cells(hESCs).When we differentiated these into h MSCs,we found that CUL2 deletion markedly accelerates hMSC ***,we identified that CUL2 targets and promotes ubiquitin proteasome-mediated degradation of TSPYL2(a known negative regulator of proliferation)through the substrate receptor protein APPBP2,which in turn downregulates one of the canonical aging marker-P21^(waf1/cip1),and thereby delays *** work provides important insights into how CRL2^(APPBP2)-mediated TSPYL2 degradation counteracts hMSC senescence,providing a molecular basis for directing intervention strategies against aging and aging-related diseases.

关键词： Cullins stem cell senescence aging proteostasis ubiquitination APPBP2 TSPYL2

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research progress of Pt and Pt-based cathode electrocatalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第12期31卷 619-628页

作者： Ni Suo Longsheng Cao Xiaoping Qin Zhigang Shao fuel-cell System and Engineering Laboratory Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells&Hybrid Power SourcesDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have been widely used commercially to solve the energy crisis and environmental *** oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)at the cathode is the rate-determining step in ***(Pt)catalysts are used to accelerate the ORR ***’s scarcity,high cost,and instability in an acidic environment at high potentials seriously hinder the commercialization of ***,studies should explore electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity,enhanced stability,and low-Pt *** review briefly introduces the research progress on Pt and Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts for PEMFCs,including anticorrosion catalyst supports,Pt,and Pt-based alloy *** preparation technology and material characterization of Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts are necessary to improve the performance and corresponding reaction mechanisms.

关键词： electrocatalysts oxygen reduction reaction activity stability

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Photofermentative hydrogen production by immobilized Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-VOGS3 cells in photobioreactors

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Energy Reviews 2024年第1期3卷 39-48页

作者： Isabela C.Moia Aikaterini Kanaropoulou Demetrios F.Ghanotakis Pietro Carlozzi Eleftherios Touloupakis research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems National Research CouncilVia Madonna del Piano 1050019Sesto FiorentinoFIItaly Department of Chemistry University of CreteVoutes Campus70013 HeraklionGreece

One of the most important solutions to overcome energy and environmental problems and to replace the fossil fuel-based economy could be the use of photosynthetic *** use of photosynthetic microorganisms is a potential alternative to energy generation from fossil fuels because they efficiently produce hydrogen(H_(2)).Immobilization of photosynthetic microorganisms is used for many biotechnological applications such as H_(2) *** method appears attractive because it restricts cell movement in an entrapped *** of Rhodopseudomonas sp.S16-VOGS3 cells is a promising way to improve H_(2) *** this work,the ability of immobilized Rhodopseudomonas sp.S16-VOGS3 cells to produce H_(2) was investigated in two types of *** PBRs used in this work were a cylindrical one with 0.2 L working volume(C-PBR)and a flat Roux type with 0.6 L working volume(FRT-PBR).The calcium alginate beads prepared were resistant to culture mixing and showed little leakage of cells,and the immobilized cells continued the photofermentation process in both *** immobilized cells in the C-PBR produced 936.8 mL of H_(2) with an average H_(2) production rate of 2.99 mL/*** average productivity was 126.4μL(H_(2))/mg(cells)/h or 14.96 mL(H_(2))/L(culture)/h,and the light conversion efficiency was 2.37%.The immobilized cells in the FRT-PBR produced a total of 662.2 mL of H_(2) with an average H_(2) production rate of 1.55 mL/*** average productivity was 31.1μL(H_(2))/mg(cells)/h or 2.58 mL(H_(2))/L(culture)/h,and the light conversion efficiency was 0.52%.The more uniform and therefore more efficient degree of bacterial cell mixing achieved in the C-PBR with cylindrical configuration played an important role compared to the *** the FRT-PBR,the beads were aggregated at the bottom,which limited light penetration and resulted in low H_(2) production efficiency.

关键词： Photobioreactor Rhodopseudomonas sp.S16-VOGS3 Photofermentation Hydrogen production Calcium alginate

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Microstructure formation mechanism of catalyst layer and its effect on fuel cell performance:Effect of dispersion medium composition

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第10期31卷 588-598,I0015页

作者： Hong Ren Xiangchao Meng Yongli Lin Zhigang Shao fuel cell System and Engineering Laboratory Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells&Hybrid Power SourcesDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The design of the catalyst layer(CL)offers a feasible way to realize the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).An in-depth understanding of catalyst inks is critical to achieving the optimal CL structure and cell *** this work,the effects of the solvent evaporation process during ink drying on the formation of the CL microstructure are particularly considered to reveal the structure-property correlations among the catalyst ink,drying process,CL microstructure and fuel cell *** increase in the alcohol content of the catalyst ink increases the amount of free ionomers while allowing the ionomer backbone to be more stretched in the dispersion *** higher alcohol content contributes to rapid solvent evaporation and thus inhibits the formation of coffee rings;as a result,a more developed ionomer network with a denser pore structure is ***,the alcohol-rich electrode exhibits better proton conduction capability,but higher oxygen transport *** complex fuel cell operating conditions,a catalyst ink formulation with 50 wt%alcohol content is preferred due to its proper ionomer and pore size distribution,providing satisfactory fuel cell performance.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Ink composition Ionomer distribution Pore structure Ink drying process

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Recent advances and influencing parameters in developing electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells

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矿物冶金与材料学报:英文版 2023年第10期30卷 1933-1956页

作者： Wan Nor Anasuhah Wan Yusoff Nurul Akidah Baharuddin Mahendra Rao Somalu Andanastuti Muchtar Nigel P.Brandon Huiqing Fan Solid Oxide fuel cell Group Fuel Cell InstituteUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Engineering 2.06 Faculty BuildingImperial College LondonSW72 AZUK State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

This article delivers a robust overview of potential electrode materials for use in symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells(S-SOFCs),a relatively new SOFC *** this end,this article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and progress in electrode materials for S-SOFC,discussing both the selection of materials and the challenges that come with making that *** article discussed the relevant factors involved in developing electrodes with nano/***,e.g.,non-cobalt and lithiated materials,are only a few of the electrode types now being ***,the phase structure and microstructure of the produced materials are heavily influenced by the synthesis *** into the possibilities and difficulties of the material are *** achieve the desired microstructural features,this article focuses on a synthesis technique that is either the most recent or a better iteration of an existing *** portion of this analysis that addresses the risks associated with manufacturing and the challenges posed by materials when fabricating S-SOFCs is the most *** article also provides important and useful recommendations for the strategic design of electrode materials researchers.

关键词： nano composites electrode microstructure tailoring oxidation symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell

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Resistance to ERK1/2 pathway inhibitors;sweet spots,fitness deficits and drug addiction

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第2期2卷 365-380页

作者： Matthew J.Sale Kathryn Balmanno Simon J.Cook Signalling programme The Babraham InstituteBabraham Research CampusCambridge CB223ATUK

MEK1/2 inhibitors are clinically approved for the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma,where they are used in combination with BRAF inhibitors,and are undergoing evaluation in other *** resistance to MEK1/2 inhibitors,including selumetinib(AZD6244/ARRY-142866),can arise through amplification of BRAF^(V600E) or KRAS^(G13D) to reinstate ERK1/2 *** have found that BRAF^(V600E) amplification and selumetinib resistance are fully reversible following drug *** is because resistant cells with BRAF^(V600E) amplification become addicted to selumetinib to maintain a precise level of ERK1/2 signalling(2%-3%of total ERK1/2 active),that is optimal for cell proliferation and *** withdrawal drives ERK1/2 activation outside of this critical“sweet spot”(~20%-30%of ERK1/2 active)resulting in a p57^(KIP2)-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest and senescence or expression of NOXA and cell death with features of autophagy;these terminal responses select against cells with amplified BRAF^(V600E).ERK1/2-dependent p57^(KIP2) expression is required for loss of BRAF^(V600E) amplification and determines the rate of reversal of selumetinib *** of selumetinib-resistant cells with BRAF^(V600E) amplification as tumour xenografts also requires the presence of selumetinib to“clamp”ERK1/2 activity within the sweet ***,BRAF^(V600E) amplification confers a selective disadvantage or“fitness deficit”during drug withdrawal,providing a rationale for intermittent dosing to forestall ***,selumetinib resistance driven by KRAS^(G13D) amplification/upregulation is not *** these cells ERK1/2 reactivation does not inhibit proliferation but drives a ZEB1-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that increases cell motility and promotes resistance to traditional chemotherapy *** results reveal that the emergence of drug-addicted,MEKi-resistant cells,and the opportunity this may afford for intermittent dosing

关键词： BRAF CDKN1C/p57^(KIP2) EMT ERK KRAS MEK MEK inhibitor resistance selumetinib

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A review of understanding electrocatalytic reactions in energy conversion and energy storage systems via scanning electrochemical microscopy

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 155-177页

作者： Jihye Park Jong Hwan Lim Jin-Hyuk Kang Jiheon Lim Ho Won Jang Hosun Shin Sun Hwa Park Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and ScienceDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea Department of Material Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Applied Measurement Science University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea

To address climate change and promote environmental sustainability,electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems emerge as promising alternative to fossil fuels,catering to the escalating demand for *** optimal energy efficiency and cost competitiveness in these systems requires the strategic design of electrocatalysts,coupled with a thorough comprehension of the underlying mechanisms and degradation behavior occurring during the electrocatalysis *** electrochemical microscopy(SECM),an analytical technique for studying surface electrochemically,stands out as a powerful tool offering electrochemical *** possesses remarkable spatiotemporal resolution,enabling the visualization of the localized electrochemical activity and surface *** review compiles crucial research findings and recent breakthroughs in electrocatalytic processes utilizing the SECM methodology,specifically focusing on applications in electrolysis,fuel cells,and metal–oxygen batteries within the realm of energy conversion and storage *** with an overview of each energy system,the review introduces the fundamental principles of SECM,and aiming to provide new perspectives and broadening the scope of applied research by describing the major research categories within SECM.

关键词： Scanning electrochemical microscopy Electrocatalyst Electrocatalysis Water splitting fuel cell Metal-oxygen battery

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