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Learning a Mixture of Conditional Gating Blocks for Visual Question Answering

Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第4期39卷 912-928页

作者： Qiang Sun Yan-Wei Fu Xiang-Yang Xue School of Statistics and Information Shanghai University of International Business and EconomicsShanghai 201620China Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Data Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

As a Turing test in multimedia,visual question answering(VQA)aims to answer the textual question with a given ***,the“dynamic”property of neural networks has been explored as one of the most promising ways of improving the adaptability,interpretability,and capacity of the neural network ***,despite the prevalence of dynamic convolutional neural networks,it is relatively less touched and very nontrivial to exploit dynamics in the transformers of the VQA tasks through all the stages in an end-to-end ***,due to the large computation cost of transformers,researchers are inclined to only apply transformers on the extracted high-level visual features for downstream vision and language *** this end,we introduce a question-guided dynamic layer to the transformer as it can effectively increase the model capacity and require fewer transformer layers for the VQA *** particular,we name the dynamics in the Transformer as Conditional Multi-Head Self-Attention block(cMHSA).Furthermore,our questionguided cMHSA is compatible with conditional ResNeXt block(cResNeXt).Thus a novel model mixture of conditional gating blocks(McG)is proposed for VQA,which keeps the best of the Transformer,convolutional neural network(CNN),and dynamic *** pure conditional gating CNN model and the conditional gating Transformer model can be viewed as special examples of *** quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate McG on the CLEVR and VQA-Abstract *** experiments show that McG has achieved the state-of-the-art performance on these benchmark datasets.

关键词： visual question answering Transformer dynamic network

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Icaritin inhibits the progression of urothelial cancer by suppressing PADI2-mediated neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第9期14卷 3916-3930页

作者： Zezhong Mou Yiling Chen Jinzhong Hu Yun Hu Lujia Zou Xinan Chen Shenghua Liu Qiuping Yin Jian Gong Shuchen Li Shanhua Mao Chenyang Xu Haowen Jiang Department of Urology Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China fudan Institute of Urology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040China National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

Tumor relapse and metastasis are the major causes of mortality associated with urothelial *** the tumor microenvironment,negative regulatory molecules and various immune cell subtypes suppress antitumor *** inflammatory microenvironment,associated with neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),promotes tumor ***,no drugs are currently available to specifically inhibit neutrophils and *** this study,we first demonstrated that icaritin(ICT),a Chinese herbal remedy that is a first-line treatment for advanced and incurable hepatocellular carcinoma,reduces NETs caused by suicidal NETosis and prevents neutrophil infiltration in the tumor ***,ICT binds to and inhibits the expression of PADI2 in neutrophils,thereby suppressing PADI2-mediated histone ***,ICT inhibits ROS generation,suppresses the MAPK signaling pathway,and inhibits NET-induced tumor ***,ICT inhibits tumoral PADI2-mediated histone citrullination,which consequently suppresses the transcription of neutrophil-recruiting genes such as GM-CSF and *** downregulation of IL-6 expression,in turn,forms a regulatory feedback loop through the JAK2/STAT3/IL-6 *** a retrospective study of clinical samples,we found a correlation between neutrophils,NETs,UCa prognosis,and immune *** ICT with immune checkpoint inhibitors may have synergistic *** summary,our study demonstrated that ICT could be a novel inhibitor of NETs and a novel UCa treatment.

关键词： Icaritin Neutrophil Neutrophil extracellular trap PADI2 Urothelial cancer

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Network meta-analysis of combination strategies in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第4期26卷 402-408页

作者： Shan-Shan Wang Xiao-Jie Bian Jun-Long Wu Bei-He Wang Sheng Zhang Ding-Wei Ye Department of Urology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Medical Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China.

This study compared different doublet and triplet therapies for efficacy and safety in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer(mHSPC).PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched for eligible randomized controlled trials(RCTs)published from inception to October *** included abiraterone,apalutamide,enzalutamide,docetaxel,darolutamide,and androgen deprivation therapy(ADT),either as doublet or triplet *** outcomes examined were overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)-free survival,time to symptomatic skeletal event(SSE),and *** surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)was determined to identify the preferred *** RCTs were *** combination of darolutamide,docetaxel,and ADT had the highest SUCRA of 84.3 for OS,followed by combined abiraterone,docetaxel,and ADT(SUCRA=71.6).The highest SUCRAs for PFS were observed for triplet therapies(abiraterone,docetaxel,and ADT[SUCRA=74.9],followed by enzalutamide,docetaxel,and ADT[SUCRA=74.3])and other androgen receptor axis-targeted therapy-based doublet therapies(SUCRAs:26.5–59.3).Darolutamide,docetaxel,and ADT had the highest SUCRAs,i.e.,80.8 and 84.0 regarding CRPC-free survival and time to SSE,*** Grade>3 adverse events(AEs),the SUCRAs of triplet therapies(SUCRAs:14.8–31.5)were similar to that of docetaxel and ADT(SUCRA=39.5).Three studies had a low risk of bias in all categories;the remaining studies had at least an unclear risk of bias in at least one *** therapy demonstrated potentially enhanced effectiveness than doublet therapy in mHSPC,with acceptable safety *** might be the optimal option for triplet therapy in combination with docetaxel and ADT.

关键词： androgen antagonist androgen receptor antagonist docetaxel meta-analysis prostatic neoplasm

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MOSS:An Open Conversational Large Language Model

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第5期21卷 888-905页

作者： Tianxiang Sun Xiaotian Zhang Zhengfu He Peng Li Qinyuan Cheng Xiangyang Liu Hang Yan Yunfan Shao Qiong Tang Shiduo Zhang Xingjian Zhao Ke Chen Yining Zheng Zhejian Zhou Ruixiao Li Jun Zhan Yunhua Zhou Linyang Li Xiaogui Yang Lingling Wu Zhangyue Yin Xuanjing Huang Yu-Gang Jiang Xipeng Qiu fudan univ.rsity Shanghai200438China

Conversational large language models(LLMs)such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 have recently exhibited remarkable capabilities across various domains,capturing widespread attention from the *** facilitate this line of research,in this paper,we report the development of MOSS,an open-sourced conversational LLM that contains 16 B parameters and can perform a variety of instructions in multi-turn interactions with *** base model of MOSS is pre-trained on large-scale unlabeled English,Chinese,and code *** optimize the model for dialogue,we generate 1.1 M synthetic conversations based on user prompts collected through our earlier versions of the model *** then perform preference-aware training on preference data annotated from AI *** results on real-world use cases and academic benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed *** addition,we present an effective practice to augment MOSS with several external *** the development of MOSS,we have established a complete technical roadmap for large language models from pre-training,supervised fine-tuning to alignment,verifying the feasibility of chatGPT under resource-limited conditions and providing a reference for both the academic and industrial *** weights and code are publicly available at https://***/OpenMOSS/MOSS.

关键词： Large language models natural language processing pre-training alignment chatGPT MOSS

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Evidence-Based Dampness-Heat ZHENG(Syndrome) in Cancer: Current Progress toward Establishing Relevant Animal Model with Pancreatic Tumor

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期30卷 85-95页

作者： JIAO Ju-ying CHENG Chien-shan CAO Zhang-qi CHEN Lian-yu CHEN Zhen Department of Integrative Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai(200032)China Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai(200032)China

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases affecting the health of human beings. With limited therapeutic options available, complementary and alternative medicine has been widely adopted in cancer management and is increasingly becoming accepted by both patients and healthcare workers alike. Chinese medicine characterized by its unique diagnostic and treatment system is the most widely applied complementary and alternative medicine. It emphasizes symptoms and ZHENG(syndrome)-based treatment combined with contemporary disease diagnosis and further stratifies patients into individualized medicine subgroups. As a representative cancer with the highest degree of malignancy, pancreatic cancer is traditionally classified into the "amassment and accumulation". Emerging perspectives define the core pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer as "dampness-heat" and the respective treatment "clearing heat and resolving dampness" has been demonstrated to prolong survival in pancreatic cancer patients, as has been observed in many other cancers. This clinical advantage encourages an exploration of the essence of dampness-heat ZHENG(DHZ) in cancer and investigation into underlying mechanisms of action of herbal formulations against dampness-heat. However, at present, there is a lack of understanding of the molecular characteristics of DHZ in cancer and no standardized and widely accepted animal model to study this core syndrome in vivo. The shortage of animal models limits the ability to uncover the antitumor mechanisms of herbal medicines and to assess the safety profile of the natural products derived from them. This review summarizes the current research on DHZ in cancer in terms of the clinical aspects, molecular landscape, and animal models. This study aims to provide comprehensive insight that can be used for the establishment of a future standardized ZHENG-based cancer animal model.

关键词： cancer Chinese medicine syndrome ZHENG dampness-heat syndrome animal model pancreatic tumor evaluation methods

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Improving the value of molecular testing:current status and opportunities in colorectal cancer precision medicine

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第1期21卷 21-28页

作者： Haiyun Li Linwei Guo Chenchen Wang Xin Hu Ye Xu Department of Colorectal Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China Precision Cancer Medical Center Affiliated with fudan univ.rsity shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai 201315China

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths *** radical resection with adjuvant chemotherapy remains the primary treatment choice for CRC,but the 5-year postoperative survival rate is only approximately 60%,and approximately one-third of patients with CRC experience recurrence within 2 years of ***,the transformation of high-throughput sequencing has accelerated the development of precision *** example,KRAS mutations indicate resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-targeted therapies in ***,molecular-guided individualized therapy has brought new promise in major clinical areas and challenges,such as novel biomarkers predicting sensitivity and resistance to immunotherapy for microsatellite stable(MSS)CRC.

关键词： cancer chemotherapy colorectal

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IMAGGS: a radiogenomic framework for identifying multi-way associations in breast cancer subtypes

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第4期51卷 443-453页

作者： Shuyu Liang Sicheng Xu Shichong Zhou Cai Chang Zhiming Shao Yuanyuan Wang Sheng Chen Yunxia Huang Yi Guo Department of Electronic Engineering School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China The Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention(MICCAI)of shanghai Shanghai 200032China shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health Institute of Metabolism and Integrative BiologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Ultrasound Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterDepartment of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Breast Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterDepartment of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Investigating correlations between radiomic and genomic profiling in breast cancer(BC)molecular subtypes is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and providing personalized *** present a well-designed radiogenomic framework image–gene–gene set(IMAGGS),which detects multi-way associations in BC subtypes by integrating radiomic and genomic *** dataset consists of 721 patients,each of whom has 12 ultrasound(US)images captured from different angles and gene mutation *** better characterize tumor traits,12 multi-angle US images are fused using two distinct ***,we analyze complex many-to-many associations between phenotypic and genotypic features using a machine learning algorithm,deviating from the prevalent one-to-one relationship pattern observed in previous *** radiomic and genomic features are screened using these *** addition,gene set enrichment analysis is performed to investigate the joint effects of gene sets and delve deeper into the biological functions of BC *** further validate the feasibility of IMAGGS in a glioblastoma multiforme dataset to demonstrate the scalability of IMAGGS across different modalities and *** together,IMAGGS provides a comprehensive characterization for diseases by associating imaging,genes,and gene sets,paving the way for biological interpretation of radiomics and development of targeted therapy.

关键词： IMAGGS Radiogenomic framework "lmage-gene-geneset"associations Molecular subtypes Breast cancer

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THE EXISTENCE OF PSEUDOHARMONIC MAPS FOR SMALL HORIZONTAL ENERGY

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第5期44卷 1955-1964页

作者： Biqiang ZHAO shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China

In this paper,we consider pseudoharmonic heat flow with small initial horizontal energy and give the existence of pseudoharmonic maps from closed pseudo-Hermitian manifolds into closed Riemannian manifolds.

关键词： pseudoharmonic map pseudoharmonic heat flow small horizontal energy

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Individualised evaluation based on pathophysiology for moyamoya vasculopathy:application in surgical revascularisation

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 268-278,I0241-I0246页

作者： Xin Zhang Yu Lei Jiabin Su Chao Gao Yanjiang Li Rui Feng Ding Xia Peng Gao Yuxiang Gu Ying Mao Department of Neurosurgery Huashan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Radiology Huashan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Background Although bypass surgery is an effective treatment for moyamoya vasculopathy(MMV),the incidence of postoperative complications is still *** study aims to introduce a novel evaluating system based on individualised pathophysiology of MMV,and to assess its clinical *** This multicentre,prospective study enrolled adult patients with MMV from Huashan Hospital,fudan univ.rsity and National Center for Neurological Disorders,China between March 2021 and February *** neuroimages containing structural and functional information were used to evaluate personalised disease severity and fused to localise the surgical field,avoid invalid regions and propose alternative recipient *** recipient artery was further selected intraoperatively by assessing regional haemodynamic and electrophysiological *** preanastomosis and postanastomosis data were compared with assist with the postoperative *** who received such tailored revascularisations were included in the novel group and the others were included in the traditional *** 30-day surgical outcomes and intermediate long-term follow-up were *** Totally 375 patients(145 patients in the novel group and 230 patients in the traditional group)were *** overall complication rate was significantly lower in the novel group(p˂0.001).In detail,both the rates of postoperative infarction(p=0.009)and hyperperfusion syndrome(p=0.010)were significantly *** functional outcomes trended to be more favourable in the novel group,though not significantly(p=0.260).Notably,the proportion of good functional status was higher in the novel group(p=0.009).Interestingly,the preoperative statuses of perfusion and metabolism around the bypass area were significantly correlated with the occurrence of postoperative complications(P˂0.0001).Conclusions This novel evaluating system helps to identify appropriate surgical field and recipient arteries during b

关键词： surgical bypass metabolism

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Physical neural networks with self-learning capabilities

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 23-42页

作者： Weichao Yu Hangwen Guo Jiang Xiao Jian Shen State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Zhangjiang fudan International Innovation Center Fudan UniversityShanghai 201210China Department of Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai 201315China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093China

Physical neural networks are artificial neural networks that mimic synapses and neurons using physical systems or *** networks harness the distinctive characteristics of physical systems to carry out computations effectively,potentially surpassing the constraints of conventional digital neural networks.A recent advancement known as“physical self-learning”aims to achieve learning through intrinsic physical processes rather than relying on external *** article offers a comprehensive review of the progress made in implementing physical self-learning across various physical *** learning strategies that contribute to the realization of physical self-learning are *** challenges in understanding the fundamental mechanism of learning,this work highlights the progress towards constructing intelligent hardware from the ground up,incorporating embedded self-organizing and self-adaptive dynamics in physical systems.

关键词： self-learning physical neural networks neuromorphic computing physical learning

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