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Water consumption and biodiversity:Responses to global emergency events

Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2632-2646页

作者： Dandan Zhao Junguo Liu Laixiang Sun Klaus Hubacek Stephan Pfister Kuishuang Feng Heran Zheng Xu Peng Daoping Wang Hong Yang Lei Shen Fei Lun Xu Zhao Bin Chen Marko Keskinen Shaohui Zhang Jialiang Cai Olli Varis Water&Development Research Group Department of Built EnvironmentAalto UniversityEspoo 15200Finland School of Water Conservancy North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou 450046China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege Park 20742USA School of Finance and Management SOASUniversity of LondonLondon WC1H0XGUK Integrated Research on Energy Environment and SocietyEnergy and Sustainability Research Institute GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningen 9747AGthe Netherlands ETH Zurich Institute of Environmental EngineeringZurich 8093Switzerland The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College LondonLondon WC1E6BTUK School of Business Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Department of Computer Science and Technology University of CambridgeCambridge CB21TNUK w2e Environmental Consulting GmbH Duebendorf 8600Switzerland Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong UniversityWeihai 264209China fudan tyndall center Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China School of Economics and Management Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg A-2361Austria

Given that it was a once-in-a-century emergency event,the confinement measures related to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused diverse disruptions and changes in life and work *** changes significantly affected water consumption both during and after the pandemic,with direct and indirect consequences on ***,there has been a lack of holistic evaluation of these ***,we propose a novel framework to study the impacts of this unique global emergency event by embedding an environmentally extended supply-constrained global multi-regional input-output model(MRIO)into the drivers-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR)*** framework allowed us to develop scenarios related to COVID-19 confinement measures to quantify country-sector-specific changes in freshwater consumption and the associated changes in biodiversity for the period of *** results suggest progressively diminishing impacts due to the implementation of COVID-19 vaccines and the socio-economic system’s self-adjustment to the new *** 2020,the confinement measures were estimated to decrease global water consumption by about 5.7% on average across all scenarios when compared with the baseline level with no confinement ***,such a decrease is estimated to lead to a reduction of around 5% in the related pressure on *** the interdependencies and interactions across global supply chains,even those countries and sectors that were not directly affected by the COVID-19 shocks experienced significant impacts:Our results indicate that the supply chain propagations contributed to 79% of the total estimated decrease in water consumption and 84%of the reduction in biodiversity loss on *** study demonstrates that the MRIO-enhanced DSPIR framework can help quantify resource pressures and the resultant environmental impacts across supply chains when facing a global emergency ***,we recommend the development o

关键词： Global emergency events Water-biodiversity causal effect COVID-19 Biodiversity MRIO-enhanced DPSIR framework Supply-chain network High-resolution water consumption dataset Supply-constrained multi-regional input-output(mixed MRIO)model

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Characterization of peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN)under different PM_(2.5) concentration in wintertime at a North China rural site

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 221-232页

作者： Zhuoyu Li Guangzhao Xie Hui Chen Bixin Zhan Lin Wang Yujing Mu Abdelwahid Mellouki Jianmin Chen Department of Environmental Science&Engineering Fudan Tyndall CenterInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Research center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institut de Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéet EnvironnementCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique45071 Orléans cedex 02France

As a secondary pollutant of photochemical pollution,peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN)has attracted a close attention.A four-month campaign was conducted at a rural site in North China Plain(NCP)including the measurement of PAN,O_(3),NO_(x),PM_(2.5),oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs),photolysis rate constants of NO_(2)and O_(3)and meteorological parameters to investigate the wintertime characterization of photochemistry from November 2018 to February *** results showed that the maximum and mean values of PAN were 4.38 and 0.93±0.67 ppbv during the campaign,*** PAN under different PM_(2.5)concentrations from below 75μg/m^(3)up to 250μg/m^(3),showed different diurnal variation and formation *** the PM_(2.5)concentration range of above 250μg/m^(3),PAN had the largest daily mean value of 0.64 ppbv and the fastest production rate of 0.33 ppbv/*** the perspective of PAN’s production mechanism,the light intensity and precursors concentrations under different PM_(2.5)pollution levels indicated that there were sufficient light intensity and high volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and NO_(x)precursors concentration even under severe pollution level to generate a large amount of ***,the bimodal staggering phenomenon of PAN and PM_(2.5)provided a basis that PAN might aggravate haze through secondary organic aerosols(SOA)formation.

关键词： Peroxyacetyl nitrate PM_(2.5) Wintertime North China Rural site

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Development of a stationary ca,-bon emission inventory for Shanghai using pollution source census data

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第4期10卷 691-706页

作者： Xianzhe LI Ping JIANG Yan ZHANG Weichun MA Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China fudan tyndall Centre Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

This study utilizes 521,631 activity data points from the 2007 Shanghai Pollution Source Census to compile a stationary carbon emission inventory for Shanghai. The inventory generated from our dataset shows that a large portion of Shanghai＇s total energy use consists of coal-oriented energy consumption. The elec- tricity and heat production industries, iron and steel mills, and the petroleum refining industry are the main carbon emitters. In addition, most of these industries are located in Baoshan District, which is Shanghai＇s largest contributor of carbon emissions. Policy makers can use the enterprise- level carbon emission inventory and the method designed in this study to construct sound carbon emission reduction policies. The carbon trading scheme to be established in Shanghai based on the developed carbon inventory is also introduced in this paper with the aim of promoting the monitoring, reporting and verification of carbon trading. Moreover, we believe that it might be useful to consider the participation of industries, such as those for food processing, beverage, and tobacco, in Shanghai＇s carbon trading scheme. Based on the results contained herein, we recommend establishing a comprehensive carbon emission inventory by inputting data from the pollution source census used in this study.

关键词： carbon emission inventory greenhouse gas(GHG) statistical yearbook pollution source census,Shanghai

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Characterization of aerosol optical properties, chemical composition and mixing states in the winter season in Shanghai, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第12期26卷 2412-2422页

作者： Yong Tang Yuanlong Huang Ling Li Hong Chen Jianmin Chen Xin Yang Song Gao Deborah S.Gross Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan University fudan-tyndall center Fudan University Division of Math Science and Technology Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314 USA Department of Chemistry Carleton College Northfield MN 55057 USA

Physical and chemical properties of ambient aerosols at the single particle level were studied in Shanghai from December 22 to 28, 2009. A Cavity-Ring-Down Aerosol Extinction Spectrometer（CRD-AES） and a nephelometer were deployed to measure aerosol light extinction and scattering properties, respectively. An Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer（ATOFMS）was used to detect single particle sizes and chemical composition. Seven particle types were detected. Air parcels arrived at the sampling site from the vicinity of Shanghai until mid-day of December 25, when they started to originate from North China. The aerosol extinction,scattering, and absorption coefficients all dropped sharply when this cold, clean air *** particles changed from a highly aged type before this meteorological shift to a relatively fresh type afterwards. The aerosol optical properties were dependent on the wind *** with high extinction coefficient and scattering Angstrom exponent（SAE） were observed when the wind blew from the west and northwest, indicating that they were predominantly fine particles. Nitrate and ammonium correlated most strongly with the change in aerosol optical properties. In the elemental carbon/organic carbon（ECOC） particle type, the diurnal trends of single scattering albedo（SSA） and elemental carbon（EC） signal intensity had a negative correlation. We also found a negative correlation（r =-0.87） between high mass-OC particle number fraction and the SSA in a relatively clean period, suggesting that particulate aromatic components might play an important role in light absorption in urban areas.

关键词： Aerosol optical properties Chemical composition CRDS ATOFMS

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Online single particle analysis of chemical composition and mixing state of crop straw burning particles： from laboratory study to field measurement

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第2期10卷 244-252页

作者： Juntao HUO Xiaohui LU Xinning WANG Hong CHEN Xingnan YE Song Gao Deborah S. Gross Jianmin CHEN Xin YANG Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Division of Math Science and Technology Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314 USA Department of Chemistry Carleton College Northfield MN 55057 USA fudan-tyndall center Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

Fresh straw burning （SB） particles were generated in the laboratory by the combustion of rice straw and corn straw. The chemical composition and mixing state of the fresh SB particles were investigated by an Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer （ATOFMS）. Based on the mass spectral patterns, the SB particles were clustered into four major types： Salt, Organic Carbon （OC）, Elemental Carbon （EC）, and internally mixed particles of EC and OC （EC-OC）. In addition, particles containing ash, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals or nicotine were also observed. Physical and chemical changes of the SB particles immediately after the emission were analyzed with highly time-resolved data. During the aging processes, the average particle size increased steadily. Freshly emitted organic compounds were gradu- ally oxidized to more oxygenated compounds in the OC- containing particles. Meanwhile, an important displace- ment reaction （2KCI＋ SO24- KzSO4 ＋ 2C1-） was observed. The marker ions for SB particles were optimized and applied to identify the SB particles in the ambient atmosphere. The fluctuation of the number fraction of ambient SB particles sorted by ATOFMS agrees well with that of water soluble K＋ measured by an online ion chromatography, demonstrating that the optimized marker ions could be good tracers for SB particles in field measurements.

关键词： crop straw burning particles mixing state,aging process ATOFMS ion markers

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Strong ozone production at a rural site in the North China Plain: Mixed effects of urban plumes and biogenic emissions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 261-270页

作者： Ruihan Zong Xue Yang Liang Wen Caihong Xu Yanhong Zhu Tianshu Chen Lan Yao Liwei Wang Junmei Zhang Lingxiao Yang Xinfeng Wang Min Shao Tong Zhu Likun Xue Wenxing Wang Environment Research Institute Shandong University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Fudan Tyndall Center Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University State Key Laboratory for Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University

Regional ozone （O3） pollution has drawn increasing attention in China over the recent decade, but the contributions from urban pollution and biogenic emissions have not been clearly elucidated. To better understand the formation of the regional O3 problem in the North China Plain （NCP）, intensive field measurements of O3 and related parameters were conducted at a rural site downwind of Ji＇nan, the capital city of Shandong province, in the summer of 2013. Markedly severe 03 pollution was recorded, with the 03 mixing ratios exceeding the Chinese national ambient air quality standard on 28 days （a frequency of 78%） and with a maximum hourly value of 198 ppbv. Extensive regional transport of well-processed urban plumes to the site was identified. An observation-constrained chemical box model was deployed to evaluate in situ photochemical O3 production on two episodes. The results show that the in situ formation accounted for approximately 46% of the observed O3 accumulation, while the remainder （54%） was contributed by regional transport of the O3-laden urban plumes. The in situ ozone production was in a mixed controlled regime that reducing either NOx or VOCs would lead to a reduction of ozone formation. Biogenic VOCs played an important role in the local ozone formation. This study demonstrates the significant mixed effects of both anthropogenic pollution from urban zones and biogenic emission in rural areas on the regional 03 pollution in the NCP region, and may have general applicability in facilitating the understanding of the formation of secondary pollution over China.

关键词： Ozone Regional transport In situ photochemical formation Biogenic VOCs Observation-based model North China Plain

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Diurnal Temperature Range as a Novel Risk Factor for Sudden Infant Death

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2011年第5期24卷 518-522页

作者： CHU Chen ZHOU WenHao GUI YongHao KAN HaiDong Cardiovascular center Children＇s Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 201102 China Department of Neonatology Children ＇s Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 201102 China School of Public Health KeyLab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China G_RICE （Research Institute for the Changing Global Environment） and fudan tyndall Centre Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

Objective To assess the relationship between diurnal temperature range （DTR） and sudden infant death （SID） between 2001 and 2004 in Shanghai,*** We conducted a time‐stratified case‐crossover analysis to estimate the percent increase of SID associated with changes in DTR after adjustment for daily weather conditions （temperature and relative humidity） and outdoor air *** DTR was significantly associated with daily *** increase of 1 °C in the current‐day （L0） and in the 2‐day moving average （L01） DTR corresponds to a 1.56% （95% CI：0.97%,2.15%） and a 1.89% （95% CI：1.17%,2.60%） increase in SID,*** An increased DTR was associated with an increased risk of SID in *** studies are needed to understand the effect of DTR on infant deaths.

关键词： Diurnal temperature range Sudden infant death Case‐crossover

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Association Between Diurnal Temperature Range and Respiratory Tract Infections

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第3期26卷 222-225页

作者： GE Wen Zhen XU Feng ZHAO Zhuo Hui ZHAO Jin Zhuo KAN Hai Dong School of Public Health Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of EducationFudan University G_RI° CE(Research Institute for the Changing Global Environment) and fudan tyndall Centre Fudan University Department of Dermatology Huashan HospitalFudan University G_RI° CE (Research Institute for the Changing Global Environment) and fudan tyndall Centre Fudan University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP~3) Department of Environmental Science & EngineeringFudan University

Objective This study aimed to assess the association between emergency-room visits for respiratory tract infection （RTI） with diurnal temperature range （DTR）, a weather parameter closely associated with urbanization and global climate change. Methods We conducted a semiparametric time-series analysis to estimate the percentage increase in emergency-room visits for RTI associated with changes in DTR after adjustment for daily weather conditions （temperature and relative humidity） and outdoor air pollution. Results DTR was significantly associated with daily emergency-room visits for RTI. An increase of 1 ~C in the current-day （LO） and in the 2-day moving average （L01） DTR corresponded to a 0.94% [95% confidence interval （CI）, 0.34%-1.55%] and 2.08% （95% CI, 1.24%-2.93%） increase in emergency-room visits for RTI, respectively. Conclusion DTR was associated with increased risk of RTI. More studies are needed to understand the impact of DTR on respiratory health.

关键词： Acute respiratory tract infection Diurnal temperature range Time-series

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Online single particle measurement of fireworks pollution during Chinese New Year in Nanning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 184-195页

作者： Jingyan Li Tingting Xu Xiaohui Lu Hong Chen Sergey A.Nizkorodov Jianmin Chen Xin Yang Zhaoyu Mo Zhiming Chen Huilin Liu Jingying Mao Guiyun Liang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697United States fudan-tyndall center Pudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Guangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences Nanning 530022China

Time-resolved single-particle measurements were conducted during Chinese New Year in Nanning, China. Firework displays resulted in a burst of SO2, coarse mode, and accumulation mode （100-500 nm） particles. Through single particle mass spectrometry analysis, five different types of particles （fireworks-metal, ash, dust, organic carbon-sulfate （OC-sulfate）, biomass burning） with different size distributions were identified as primary emissions from firework displays. The fireworks-related particles accounted for more than 70% of the total analyzed particles during severe firework detonations. The formation of secondary particulate sulfate and nitrate during firework events was investigated on single particle level. An increase of sulfite peak （80SO3） followed by an increase of sulfate peaks （97HSO7＋96SO7） in the mass spectra during firework displays indicated the aqueous uptake and oxidation of SO2 on particles. High concentration of gaseous SO2, high relative humidity and high particle loading likely promoted SO2 oxidation. Secondary nitrate formed through gas-phase oxidation of NO2 to nitric acid, followed by the condensation into particles as ammonium nitrate. This study shows that under worm, humid conditions, both primary and secondary aerosols contribute to the particulate air pollution during firework displays.

关键词： Chinese New YearFireworksParticle typesSecondary process

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Particle number concentration, size distribution and chemical composition during haze and photochemical smog episodes in Shanghai

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第9期26卷 1894-1902页

作者： Xuemei Wang Jianmin Chen Tiantao Cheng Renyi Zhang Xinming Wang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Fudan Tyndall CentreDepartment of Environmental Science & EngineeringFudan University center for Atmospheric Chemistry and Environment Department of Atmospheric ScienceTexas A&M UniversityTX 77843USA State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

The aerosol number concentration and size distribution as well as size-resolved particle chemical composition were measured during haze and photochemical smog episodes in Shanghai in 2009. The number of haze days accounted for 43%, of which 30% was severe （visibility 〈 2 km） and moderate （2 km 〈 visibility 〈 3 km） haze, mainly distributed in winter and spring. The mean particle number concentration was about 17,000/cm3 in haze, more than 2 times that in clean days. The greatest increase of particle number concentration was in 0.5-1μm and 1-10 μm size fractions during haze events, about 17.78 times and 8.78 times those of clean days. The largest increase of particle number concentration was within 50-100 nm and 100-200 nm fractions during photochemical smog episodes, about 5.89 times and 4.29 times those of clean days. The particle volume concentration and surface concentration in haze, photochemical smog and clean days were 102, 49, 15 μm3/cm3 and 949, 649, 206 μm2/cm3, respectively. As haze events got more severe, the number concentration of particles smaller than 50 nm decreased, but the particles of 50-200 nm and 0.5-1μm increased. The diurnal variation of particle number concentration showed a bimodal pattern in haze days. All soluble ions were increased during haze events, of which NH4, SO24- and NO3 increased great/y, followed by Na＋, IC, Ca2＋ and CI-. These ions were very different in size-resolved particles during haze and photochemical smog episodes.

关键词： HazePhotochemical smogParticle number concentrationSize distributionChemical compositionShanghai

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