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Characteristics of the SOL ion-to-electron temperature ratio on the J-TEXT tokamak with different plasma configurations

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 13-21页

作者：李存凯梁云峰江中和周松华建坤阳杰杨庆虎 Alexander KNIEPS Philipp DREWS 徐鑫毛飞越谢伟杨雨桐郭金龙李杨波任正康陈志鹏王能超 the J-TEXT Team international Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China Forschungszentrum Jülich gmbh Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung—PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Julich 52425Germany 不详

Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion *** the J-TEXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma parameters in the edge region under various poloidal divertor and island divertor *** edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has been determined,which gradually decreases as the SOL ion self-collisionality,v_(SOL)*,*** is broadly consistent with what has been observed previously from various tokamak ***,the comparison of experimental results under different configurations shows that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the same v_(SOL)*,τ_(i/e) in the SOL region becomes smaller as the distance from the X-point to the target plate *** the island divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is higher than that near the X-point at the same v_(SOL)*,and both are higher than those in the limiter *** results suggest that the magnetic configuration plays a critical role in the energy distributions between electrons and ions at the plasma boundary.

关键词： ion temperature island divertor poloidal divertor retarding field analyzer(RFA)probe

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New Developments in Thermo-Chemical Diffusion Processes

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 13-19页

作者： Bernd Edenhofer Ipsen international gmbh Kleve Germany

Thermo-chemical diffusion processes like carburising, nitriding and boronizing play an important part in modern manufacturing technologies. They exist in many varieties depending on the type of diffusing element used and the respective process procedure. The most important industrial heat treatment process is case-hardening, which consists of thermochemical diffusion process carburising or its variation carbonitriding, followed by a subsequent quench. The latest developments of using different gaseous carburising agents and increasing the carburising temperature are one main area of this *** other area is the evolvement of nitriding and especially the ferritic nitrocarburising process by improved process control and newly developed process variations using carbon, nitrogen and oxygen as diffusing elements in various process steps. Also boronizing and special thermo-chemical processes for stainless steels are discussed.

关键词：热化学扩散高温渗碳渗氮位控制溶体渗氮

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模块化系统,最大化收益——fronius MIX^(TM)系统使发电量最大化

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太阳能 2012年第21期 29-31页

作者： Thomas MYhlberger JYrgen Wolfahrt fronius international gmbh

一引言逆变器在高负载的情况下能高效运行。当光照强度较弱时，损失会相对较大。这一方面是因为逆变器本身需消耗能量。从比例上来说，发电量较小时，消耗会更多。另一方面，多次开关机器也会使损耗增加，当发电量较低时，影响会更大... 详细信息

一引言逆变器在高负载的情况下能高效运行。当光照强度较弱时，损失会相对较大。这一方面是因为逆变器本身需消耗能量。从比例上来说，发电量较小时，消耗会更多。另一方面，多次开关机器也会使损耗增加，当发电量较低时，影响会更大。由于逆变器大部分时间都是在有部分负载的情况下运行，所以，部分逆变器生产商就采用了主一副逆变原理，尤其是针对较高纬度的地区。

关键词：模块化系统发电量最大化高效运行逆变器光照强度部分负载逆变原理

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Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger Joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel Moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki Joint international Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik gmbh Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

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Visual analytics for event detection: Focusing on fraud

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Visual Informatics 2018年第4期2卷 198-212页

作者： Roger A.Leite Theresia Gschwandtner Silvia Miksch Erich Gstrein Johannes Kuntner Vienna University of Technology Austria sIT Solutions AT Spardat gmbh Austria Erste Group IT international Austria

The detection of anomalous events in huge amounts of data is sought in many *** instance,in the context of financial data,the detection of suspicious events is a prerequisite to identify and prevent attempts to ***,various financial fraud detection approaches have started to exploit Visual Analytics ***,there is no study available giving a systematic outline of the different approaches in this field to understand common strategies but also ***,we present a survey of existing approaches of visual fraud detection in order to classify different tasks and solutions,to identify and to propose further research *** this work,fraud detection solutions are explored through five main domains:banks,the stock market,telecommunication companies,insurance companies,and internal *** selected domains explored in this survey were chosen for sharing similar time-oriented and multivariate data *** this survey,we(1)analyze the current state of the art in this field;(2)define a categorization scheme covering different application domains,visualization methods,interaction techniques,and analytical methods which are used in the context of fraud detection;(3)describe and discuss each approach according to the proposed scheme;and(4)identify challenges and future research topics.

关键词： Visual knowledge discovery Time series data Business and finance visualization Financial fraud detection

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新型电弧控制机构对双丝气体保护焊的影响

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金属加工（热加工） 2020年第4期 5-9页

作者： S.Schartner D.Soellinger P.Lumpf A.Bauer K.Schneider M.Schoerghuber fronius international gmbh Froniusplatz 14600 Wels.Austria

简单阐述了高效双丝焊TPS/i TWIN,并介绍了多重脉冲控制(PMC)的功能以及新的焊接工艺功能,尤其是PulseSync,并进行了焊接试验。结果表明:这些工艺特点对厚板碳素钢角焊缝和对接焊缝的焊接速度和熔深有影响。

关键词：双丝焊气体保护焊电弧

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Industrial Experience with Case Hardening of Stainless Steels by Solution Nitriding

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 354-359页

作者： Hans Berns Bernd Edenhofer Roland Zaugg Ruhr University Materials Technology D-44780 Bochum GermanyIPSEN Industries International GmbH D-47514 Kleve GermanyHdrterei GersterA.G. CH-4622 Egerkingen Switzerland

SolNit(R) is a novel heat treatment to case harden stainless steels with nitrogen instead of carbon. The calculated equilibrium pressure of N2 corresponds well with the nitrogen content in the steel surface. The process is carried out in vacuum furnaces with pressurized gas quenching. Numerous parts of different stainless steels have been successfully SolNit(R) treated in industry leading to superior properties in respect to hardness/strength and corrosion

关键词：不锈钢渗氮表面硬化热处理

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Effects of New and Aged Polyethylenterephthalat and Polylactic Acid on <i>Gammarus fossarum</i>(Crustacea: Amphipoda) during Long-Term Exposures

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第5期11卷 359-376页

作者： Almut Gerhardt LimCo international gmbh Konstanz Germany

The freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum (Koch, 1835) was exposed in four subsequent experiments of each 45 - 48 days to 1 cm2 plastic foil (Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Polylactic acid (PLA)) with mortality, feeding, and behavior in the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor©(MFB) (spontaneous locomotion, gill ventilation) being studied once a week. Mortality was generally high and similar in all experiments, with a slight increase in PLA treatments. PLA exposed animals showed higher ventilation, but spontaneous locomotion was equally high in all treatments during all experiments, showing high reproducibility. Feeding rates reached up to 50% of the provided alder leaf in all treatments and in all experiments. PLA foils started to age by surface cracks, deformation at the edges and loss of transparency esp. in the 4th run with 135 d old foils. Both types of foils were equally colonized with biofilm during 45 days’ exposures, starting with ciliates and flagellates, followed by diatoms and green filamentous algae at last. Some taxa differed in absolute amounts in the 4 subsequent experiments due to seasonal succession. There was only marginal weight loss of the foils during 180 days of exposure. The biopolymer PLA started to degrade slowly after 180 d, whereas PET remained morphologically unchanged. The presence of the plastic foils in the beakers independent of their age had no significant effects on survival, behavior, and feeding of G. fossarum during 45 d of exposure.

关键词： Toxicity Plastic Biopolymer Biofilm Gammarus fossarum

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Taguchi Analysis for Improving Optimization of Integrated Forward/Reverse Logistics

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2023年第3期11卷 529-552页

作者： Elham Behmanesh Jürgen Pannek international Graduate School for Dynamics in Logistics University of BremenBremenGermany Faculty of Production Engineering University of BremenBremenGermany BIBA Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik gmbh BremenGermany

The distribution–allocation problem is known as one of the most comprehensive strategic *** real-world cases,it is impossible to solve a distribution–allocation problem completely in acceptable *** forces the researchers to develop efficient heuristic techniques for the large-term operation of the whole supply *** techniques provide near optimal solution and are comparably fast particularly for large-scale test *** paper presents an integrated supply chain model which is flexible in the delivery *** solution methodology,we apply a memetic algorithm with a novelty in population *** identify the optimum operating condition of the proposed memetic algorithm,Taguchi method is *** this study,four factors,namely population size,crossover rate,local search iteration and number of iteration,are *** the best level of the considered parameters is the outlook of this research.

关键词： Integrated logistics network Flexible path Memetic algorithm Taguchi analysis

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EU Including: Development of Radiological and Nuclear Training Learning Objectives

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第8期9卷 2170-2178页

作者： Friedrich Steinhäusler international Security Competence Centre gmbh Baden Austria

Worldwide, about 20 million consignments of radioactive material are transported annually on public roads, railways, aircraft, and ships. About 95% of radioactive consignments are not related to nuclear power. In 2016, a total of 143 incidents of nuclear or other radioactive materials were found to be outside of regulatory control, which occurred in 19 countries. On an international level risk assessment has to account for the potential threats due to millions of radioactive sources in use worldwide and hundreds of tons of military grade U/Pu not under IAEA safeguards. The European Union (EU) has tasked the INCLUDING project consortium, connecting 15 partners from 10 EU Member States, to address this issue and create an innovative cluster for radiological and nuclear (RN) emergencies. The project is coordinated by the Italian Agency for the New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA). INCLUDING will provide comprehensive training in the RN security sector. Thereby, know-how is enhanced for practitioners in this sector. An important part in this endeavor is the development of radiological- and nuclear training learning objectives. INCLUDING partners involved in this task (Work Package 4) represent companies, organisations and government agencies from Austria, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Hungary and Portugal. The task has four main objectives: 1) Harmonisation of RN education/training for EU first responders: 2) Identification of main problems in setting norms;3) Developing a training matrix using revised Bloom’s taxonomy;4) Use of the methodology developed for Joint Actions and its application at INCLUDING Cluster Facilities in different EU Member States. The INCLUDING Work Package 4 members have analyzed the EU EDEN Training Matrix and identified gaps in accordance with NATO CBRN training standards related to civil-military cooperation. Furthermore, they analyzed 5 EUHORIZON 2020- and 9 EUFP7-SECURITY projects

关键词： Radiological Emergency Nuclear Emergency Training Learning Objec-tives

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