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B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2:infection,vaccination,and hybrid immunity

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 144-158页

作者： Dennis Lapuente thomas H.Winkler Matthias tenbusch Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054 ErlangenGermany Department of Biology Division of GeneticsNikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)ErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossplatz 191054 ErlangenGermany

the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen.B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations,as neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)are an important correlate of protection(COP)from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities.In addition to absolute levels,nAb longevity,neutralization breadth,immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition,and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy makers.the recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell(MBC)and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection-and vaccine-induced immunity.It also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms,such as mRnA or adenoviral vector vaccines,in unprecedented cohort sizes.Combined with the technological advances of recent years,this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected findings.In this review,we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection-and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity,which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies memory responses vaccines IgG4

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In situ characterization of particle formation in spray flame synthesis using wide-angle light scattering

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 304-312页

作者： Simon Aβmann Franz J.t.Huber Stefan Will Lehrstuhl für technische thermodynamik(Ltt) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91058Germany erlangen Graduate Schoolin Advanced Optical technologies(SAOt) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany Competence Unit Engineering of Advanced Materials(EAM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany

Wide-angle light scattering(WALS)was used for in situ measurements of droplet and nanoparticle size distributions during the synthesis of titania and iron oxide particles from liquid precursor solutions in the standardized SpraySyn burner for spray flame synthesis.titania was synthesized from titanium tetraisopropoxide(ttIP)and iron oxide from iron(II)nitrate nonahydrate(Inn)using ethanol(EtOH)as solvent.Scattering images were taken at heights up to 120 mm above the burner surface and classified into droplet and particle scattering.Droplet size distributions were derived from a sequential analysis of scattering data containing the oscillating Mie pattern,the lognormal size distribution parameters for spherical and fractal particle fractions from a multivariate approach on averaged particle scattering data.the results show that the precursor addition leads to altered evaporation behavior and even droplet disruption probably induced by puffing or micro-explosions compared to pure EtOH.In the case of ttIP(a hygroscopic alkoxide),the synthesis of a large fraction of spheres was observed,while the nitrate Inn leads to the formation of mostly fractal aggregates.

关键词： Spray flame synthesis Metal oxide particles Elastic light scattering Droplet size distribution nanoparticle morphology Particle size distribution

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Harnessing naturally occurring mutations for t-cell therapy:a potential new avenue to enhance treatment efficacy

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Signal transduction and targeted therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1799-1801页

作者： Michael Hiltensperger Jürgen Ruland Kilian Schober Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany translatUM Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany German Cancer Consortium(DKtK) HeidelbergGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) partner site MunichMunichGermany FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent study published in nature,Garcia et al.use a sophisticated approach to identify fitness-enhancing mutations for t cells that was inspired by cancer evolution.1 the identified CARD11-PIK3R3 gene fusion enhanced tumor rejection and persistence of engineered t cells in multiple tumor models and might have the potential to improve efficacy of adoptive t-cell therapies in cancer patients.

关键词： al. cancer potential

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Lower limb suspension induces threshold-specific alterations of motor units properties that are reversed by active recovery

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 264-276页

作者： Giacomo Valli Fabio Sarto Andrea Casolo Alessandro Del Vecchio Martino V.Franchi Marco V.narici Giuseppe De Vito Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nurnberg 91052Germany

Purpose:this study aimed to non-invasively test the hypothesis that(a) short-term lower limb unloading would induce changes in the neural control of force production(based on motor units(MUs) properties) in the vastus lateralis muscle and(b) possible changes are reversed by active recovery(AR).Methods:ten young males underwent 10 days of unilateral lower limb suspension(ULLS) followed by 21 days of AR.During ULLS,participants walked exclusively on crutches with the dominant leg suspended in a slightly flexed position(15°-20°) and with the contralateral foot raised by an elevated shoe.the AR was based on resistance exercise(leg press and leg extension) and executed at 70% of each participant’s 1repetition maximum,3 times/week.Maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVC) of knee extensors and MUs properties of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured at baseline,after ULLS,and after AR.MUs were identified using high-density electromyography during trapezoidal isometric contractions at 10%,25%,and 50% of the current MVC,and individual MUs were tracked across the 3 data collection points.Results:We identified 1428 unique MUs,and 270 of them(18.9%) were accurately tracked.After ULLS,MVC decreased by 29.77%,MUs absolute recruitment/derecruitment thresholds were reduced at all contraction intensities(with changes between the 2 variables strongly correlated),while discharge rate was reduced at 10% and 25% but not at 50% MVC.Impaired MVC and MUs properties fully recovered to baseline levels after AR.Similar changes were observed in the pool of total as well as tracked MUs.Conclusion:Our novel results demonstrate,non-invasively,that 10 days of ULLS affected neural control predominantly by altering the discharge rate of lower-threshold but not of higher-threshold MUs,suggesting a preferential impact of disuse on motoneurons with a lower depolarization threshold.However,after 21 days of AR,the impaired MUs properties were fully restored to baseline levels,highlighting the plasticity of the components involved in neural cont

关键词： Disuse High-density EMG Muscle disuse neural impairment neuromuscular degeneration

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Insights into the hydrogen evolution reaction in vanadium redox flow batteries:A synchrotron radiation based X-ray imaging study

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 132-144页

作者： Kerstin Köble Alexey Ershov Kangjun Duan Monja Schilling alexander Rampf Angelica Cecilia tomášFaragó Marcus Zuber tilo Baumbach Roswitha Zeis Helmholtz Institute Ulm Karlsruhe Institute of Technology89081 UlmGermany Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Department of Electrical Electronicsand Communication EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S 3G8OntarioCanada

the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in the negative half-cell of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)causes severe efficiency losses.thus,a deeper understanding of this process and the accompanying bubble formation is crucial.this benchmarking study locally analyzes the bubble distribution in thick,porous electrodes for the first time using deep learning-based image segmentation of synchrotron X-ray micro-tomograms.Each large three-dimensional data set was processed precisely in less than one minute while minimizing human errors and pointing out areas of increased HER activity in VRFBs.the study systematically varies the electrode potential and material,concluding that more negative electrode potentials of-200 m V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)and lower cause more substantial bubble formation,resulting in bubble fractions of around 15%–20%in carbon felt electrodes.Contrarily,the bubble fractions stay only around 2%in an electrode combining carbon felt and carbon paper.the detected areas with high HER activity,such as the border subregion with more than 30%bubble fraction in carbon felt electrodes,the cutting edges,and preferential spots in the electrode bulk,are potential-independent and suggest that larger electrodes with a higher bulk-to-border ratio might reduce HER-related performance losses.the described combination of electrochemical measurements,local X-ray microtomography,AI-based segmentation,and 3D morphometric analysis is a powerful and novel approach for local bubble analysis in three-dimensional porous electrodes,providing an essential toolkit for a broad community working on bubble-generating electrochemical systems.

关键词： Vanadium redox flow battery Synchrotron X-ray imaging tomography Hydrogen evolution reaction Gas bubbles Deep learning

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transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 180-198页

作者： Morten S.Hansen Kaja Madsen Maria Price Kent Søe Yasunori Omata Mario M.Zaiss Caroline M.Gorvin Morten Frost alexander Rauch Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory(KMEB) Department of EndocrinologyOdense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Clinical Research Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Clinical Cell Biology Pathology Research UnitDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research(IMSR)and Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism(CEDAM)University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors(COMPARE) Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamBirmingham B152TTUK Department of Molecular Medicine University of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Orthopedic Surgery Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Department of Internal Medicine 3 Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie(DZI) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark

Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis,which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone formation.As novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed,understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment targets.this study aimed to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation.Osteoclasts were differentiated from CD14+monocytes from eight female donors.RnA sequencing during differentiation revealed 8980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across donors.these patterns revealed distinct molecular functions associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on RnA from iliac crest biopsies and bone mineral density SnPs.network analyses revealed mutual dependencies between temporal expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional networks.the donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the monocyte stage,such as filamin B(FLnB)and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1(OLR1,encoding LOX-1),that are predictive of the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts.the expression of differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation,and these receptors are associated with bone mineral density SnPs,suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and activity.the regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5 A receptor 1(C5AR1),somatostatin receptor 2(SStR2),and free fatty acid receptor 4(FFAR4/GPR120).Activating C5AR1 enhanced osteoclast formation,while activating SStR2 decreased the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts,and activating FFAR4 decreased both the number and resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts.In conclusion,we report the occurrence of transcriptional

关键词： osteoclast programming identif

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Acute right insular ischaemic lesions and poststroke left ventricular dysfunction

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Stroke & Vascular neurology 2023年第4期8卷 301-306页

作者： Klemens Winder Carolina Villegas Millar Gabriela Siedler Michael Knott Arnd Dörfler Anna Engel Stephan Achenbach Max J Hilz Bernd Kallmünzer Stefan Schwab Frank Seifert Kilian Fröhlich neurology University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany neurology University Hospital and University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland neuroradiology University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Cardiology University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Introduction Myocardial injury related to acute ischaemic stroke is common even without primary cardiac disease.We intended to determine associations between values of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and ischaemic stroke lesion sites.Methods Of a local database,patients with acute first-ever ischaemic stroke confirmed by brain imaging but without pre-existing heart disease were included.the cardiac morphology and LVEF were obtained from transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography,and impaired LVEF was categorised as mild(35%-50%),moderate(34%-25%)and severe(tient age,stroke severity,ischaemic lesion volume,prevalence of troponin I increase(>0.1 ng/mL),atrial fibrillation and cardiac wall motion abnormalities were assessed and compared between patients with and without impaired LVEF after stroke(significance:ptivariate voxelwise lesion analysis correlated LVEF after stroke with sites of ischaemic lesions.Results Of 1209 patients who had a stroke,231(mean age 66.3±14.0 years)met the inclusion criteria;40 patients(17.3%)had an impaired LVEF after stroke.Patients with impaired LVEF had higher infarct volumes(53.8 mL vs 30.0 mL,p=0.042),a higher prevalence of troponin increase(17.5%vs 4.2%,p=0.006),cardiac wall motion abnormalities(42.5%vs 5.2%,pnd atrial fibrillation(60.0%vs 26.2%,pthan patients with LVEF of>50%.the multivariate voxelwise lesion analysis yielded associations between decreased LVEF and damaged voxels in the insula,amygdala and operculum of the right hemisphere.Conclusion Our imaging analysis unveils a prominent role of the right hemispheric central autonomic network,especially of the insular cortex,in the brain-heart axis.Our results support preliminary evidence that acute ischaemic stroke in distinct brain regions of the central autonomic network may directly impair cardiac function and thus further supports the concept of a distinct stroke-heart syndrome.

关键词： impaired ischaemic ventricular

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next generation multiple access for IMt towards 2030 and beyond

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 448-450页

作者： Zhiguo DInG Robert SCHOBER Pingzhi FAn H.Vincent POOR Department of Computer and Information Engineering Khalifa University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Manchester Institute for Digital Communications Friedrich Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU) CSnMt International Cooperation Research Center (MoSt) Southwest Jiaotong University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University

Multiple access techniques are fundamental to the design of wireless communication systems,since many crucial components of such systems depend on the choice of the multiple access technique[1].For example,the use of ...

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the tip60/Ep400 chromatin remodeling complex impacts basic cellular functions in cranial neural crest-derived tissue during early orofacial development

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International Journal of Oral Science 2023年第2期15卷 241-254页

作者： Sebastian Gehlen-Breitbach theresa Schmid Franziska Frob Gabriele Rodrian Matthias Weider Michael Wegner Lina Gölz Institut für Biochemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universit?t Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermanyand Zahnklinik 3-Kieferorthopodie Universitotsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universitot Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

the cranial neural crest plays a fundamental role in orofacial development and morphogenesis.Accordingly,mutations with impact on the cranial neural crest and its development lead to orofacial malformations such as cleft lip and palate.As a pluripotent and dynamic cell population,the cranial neural crest undergoes vast transcriptional and epigenomic alterations throughout the formation of facial structures pointing to an essential role of factors regulating chromatin state or transcription levels.

关键词： neural functions alterations

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Linking leaf elemental traits to biomass across forest biomes in the Himalayas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1518-1528页

作者： nita DYOLA Eryuan LIAnG Josep PEÑUELAS J.Julio CAMARERO Shalik Ram SIGDEL Sugam ARYAL Wentao LIn Xiang LIU Yongwen LIU Xingliang XU Sergio ROSSI State Key Laboratory of tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratoire sur lesécosystèmes terrestres boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversitédu QuébecàChicoutimi555Boulevard de l′UniversitéChicoutimi(QC)G7H2B1Canada CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraE-08193 CataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsE-08193 CataloniaSpain Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-CSIC) Avenida Montañana 1005Zaragoza 50059Spain friedrich-alexander-universität erlangen-nürnberg Institut für GeographieErlangen 91058Germany State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Plants require a number of essential elements in different proportions for ensuring their growth and development.the elemental concentrations in leaves reflect the functions and adaptations of plants under specific environmental conditions.However,less is known about how the spectrum of leaf elements associated with resource acquisition,photosynthesis and growth regulates forest biomass along broad elevational gradients.We examined the influence of leaf element distribution and diversity on forest biomass by analyzing ten elements(C,n,P,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,and Mn)in tree communities situated every 100 meters along an extensive elevation gradient,ranging from the tropical forest(80 meters above sea level)to the alpine treeline(4200 meters above sea level)in the Kangchenjunga Landscape in eastern nepal Himalayas.We calculated communityweighted averages(reflecting dominant traits governing biomass,i.e.,mass-ratio effect)and functional divergence(reflecting increased trait variety,i.e.,complementarity effect)for leaf elements in a total of 1,859 trees representing 116 species.An increasing mass-ratio effect and decreasing complementarity in leaf elements enhance forest biomass accumulation.A combination of elements together with elevation explains biomass(52.2%of the variance)better than individual elemental trait diversity(0.05%to 21%of the variance).Elevation modulates trait diversity among plant species in biomass accumulation.Complementarity promotes biomass at lower elevations,but reduces biomass at higher elevations,demonstrating an interaction between elevation and complementarity.the interaction between elevation and mass-ratio effect produces heterogeneous effects on biomass along the elevation gradient.Our research indicates that biomass accumulation can be disproportionately affected by elevation due to interactions among trait diversities across vegetation zones.While higher trait variation enhances the adaptation of species to environmental changes,it reduces biomass accumulation,especially at higher elevat

关键词： Ecosystem function Elevational gradient Functional diversity Functional traits Leaf elements niche complementarity

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