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Distributed phase-matching measurement for dynamic strain and temperature sensing based on stimulated Brillouin scattering enhanced four-wave mixing

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 141-153页

作者： YUAn WAnG PEDRO TOVAR JUnTOnG YAnG LIAnG CHEn XIAOYI BAO nexus for Quantum Technologies University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada

A Brillouin dynamic grating(BDG) can be used for distributed birefringence measurement in optical fibers,offering high sensitivity and spatial resolution for sensing ***,it is quite a challenge to simultaneously achieve dynamic measurements with both high accuracy and high spatial *** this work,we propose a sensing mechanism to achieve distributed phase-matching measurement using a chirped pulse as a probe *** BDG reflection,the peak reflection corresponds to the highest four-wave mixing(FWM) conversion efficiency,and it requires the Brillouin frequency in the fast and slow axes to be equal,which is called the phase-matching *** condition changes at different fiber positions,which requires a range of frequency injection for the probe *** proposed method uses a chirped pulse as a probe wave to cover this frequency range associated with distributed birefringence *** allows us to detect distributed phase matching for birefringence changes that are introduced by temperature and strain *** to the single shot and direct time delay measurement capability,the acquisition rate in our system is only limited by the fiber ***,unlike conventional BDG spectrum recovery-based systems,the spatial resolution here is determined by both the frequency chirping rate of the probe pulse and the birefringence profile of the *** the experiments,an acquisition rate of 1 k Hz(up to fiber length limits) and a spatial resolution of 10 cm using a 20 ns probe pulse width are *** minimum detectable temperature and strain variation are 5.6 mK and 0.37 με along a 2 km long polarization-maintaining fiber(PMF).

关键词： fiber scattering polarization

Tumor microenvironment-dependent epigenetic imprinting in the vasculature predicts colon cancer outcome

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Cancer Communications 2023年第11期43卷 1280-1285页

作者： Elisabeth naschberger Maximilian Fuchs nicholas Dickel Meik Kunz Bernt Popp Charles Gwellem Anchang Richard Demmler Yanmin Lyu Steffen Uebe Arif Bülent Ekici Carol Immanuel Geppert Arndt Hartmann Christian Flierl Katja Petter Tobias Gass Simon Völkl Michael Scharl Andreas Ramming Claudia Günther Susanne Merkel Vera Simone Schellerer Michael Stürzl Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery Translational Research CenterUniversitätsklinikum ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenBavariaGermany Comprehensive Cancer Center erlangen-EMn (CCC ER-EMn) ErlangenBavariaGermany Chair of Medical Informatics Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenBavariaGermany Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Lower saxonyHannoverGermany Institute of Human Genetics Universitätsklinikum ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenBavariaGermany Department of Medicine 3 Universitätsklinikum ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenBavariaGermany Institute of Pathology Universitätsklinikum ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenBavariaGermany Department of Internal Medicine 5 – Hematology and Oncology Universitätsklinikum ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenBavariaGermany Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichCanton ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Medicine 1 Universitätsklinikum ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenBavariaGermany Department of Surgery Universitätsklinikum ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenBavariaGermany

Dear Editor,Tumor microenvironment(TME)-dependent stromal cell plasticity governs tumor development and therapy *** endothelial cells(TECs)are a major cellular component in this context[1].In colorectal carcinoma(CRC),the stromal cell-dependent impact of the TME is illustrated by an improved survival depending on an interferon(IFn)-γ-dominated Th1-like TME associated with high T-cell density[2]and suppressed angiogenesis[3,4].Cellular transcriptional memory is reported in cell lines after repeated exposure to IFn-γin vitro[5],suggesting that a Th1-like TME may also exert stable imprinting effects in ***,we investigated whether TME-dependent transcriptional imprinting in TECs from CRC patients can be exploited to retrieve clinically relevant signatures predicting outcomes.

关键词： imprinting colon interferon

Dissolution of WO_(3) modified with IrO_(x) overlayers during photoelectrochemical water splitting

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SusMat 2023年第1期3卷 128-136页

作者： Ken J.Jenewein Julius Knopel AndréHofer Attila Kormányos Britta Mayerhofer Florian D.Speck Markus Bierling Simon Thiele Julien Bachmann Serhiy Cherevko Helmholtz Institute erlangen-nürnberg for Renewable Energy(IEK-11) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHErlangenGermany Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Chemistry of Thin Film Materials Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science Interdisciplinary Excellence CentreUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

WO_(3),an abundant transition metal semiconductor,is one of the most discussed materials to be used as a photoanode in photoelectrochemical water-splitting *** photoelectrochemical properties,such as photoactivity and selectivity of WO_(3) in different electrolytes,are already well ***,the understanding of stability,one of the most important properties for utilization in a commercial device,is still in the early *** this work,a photoelectrochemical scanning flow cell coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer is applied to determine the influence of co-catalyst overlayers on photoanode ***-coatedWO_(3) photoanodes are used as a model *** is applied to the electrodes by atomic layer deposition in controlled layer thickness,as determined by ellipsometry and x-ray photoelectron *** of the iridium-modified WO_(3) photoanodes decreases with increasing iridium layer *** blocking of the WO_(3) surface by iridium is proposed as the main cause of the decreased photoelectrochemical *** the other hand,the stability of WO_(3) is notably increased even in the presence of the thinnest investigated iridium *** on our findings,we provide a set of strategies to synthesize nanocomposite photoelectrodes simultaneously possessing high photoelectrochemical activity and photostability.

关键词： dissolution in situ ICP-MS overlayers PEC-SFC photoelectrochemistry

Bioinspired nanocomposites with self-adaptive mechanical properties

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nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 633-648页

作者： Grant Kitchen Bohan Sun Sung Hoon Kang 13400 n Charles St Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA 23400 n Charles St Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA 33400 n Charles St Hopkins Extreme Materials InstituteJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA

Conventional synthetic materials have fixed mechanical properties and suffer defects,damage,and degradation over *** makes them unable to adapt to changing environments and leads to limited ***,self-adaptive materials inspired by natural materials have emerged as a solution to address these *** the ability to change their mechanical properties based on changing mechanical environments,repairing defects,and maintaining their mechanical properties,these materials can lead to improved performance while decreasing *** this review,we explore self-adaptive phenomena found in nature that have inspired the development of synthetic self-adaptive materials,and the mechanisms that have been employed to create the next generation of *** potential applications of these materials,the challenges that existing approaches face,and future research opportunities are also discussed.

关键词： nanocomposites self-adaptive materials bioinspired materials force-activated resilience

Temperature-dependent dielectric anomalies in powder aerosol deposited ferroelectric ceramic films

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第6期8卷 1239-1250页

作者： Udo Eckstein Jorg Exner Andreja Bencan Golob Katarina Ziberna Goran Drazic Hana Ursic Haiko Wittkamper Christian Papp Jaroslaw Kita Ralf Moos Kyle G.Webber neamul H.Khansur Department of Materials Science and Engineering Friedrich-Alexander-Universit€at Erlangen-NürnbergGermany Department of Functional Materials University of BayreuthGermany Electronic Ceramics Department Jozef Stefan InstituteLjubljanaSlovenia Department of Materials Chemistry National Institute of ChemistryLjubljanaSlovenia Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-Universit€at Erlangen-NürnbergGermany

Room-temperature fabrication of functional ceramic films using powder aerosol deposition(AD)is important for practical ***,the as-processed ferroelectric films show unusual temperature-dependent dielectric response,including enhanced conductivity in the as-processed state and subsequent significant increase in the permittivity following heat *** this work,we investigate the influence of the residual internal stresses developed during the high-impact consolidation process on the dielectric ***,the recombination of charged defects generated during deposition is driven by the temperature and the atmospheric condition during the heat treatment as well as the carrier gas type used during *** treatment up to 500℃ in different atmospheres was used to tune the dielectric and ferroelectric response,highlighting that irrespective of the type of carrier gas,AD deposition process induces charged defects in polar oxide ceramics that can be reduced through heat-treatment far-below their bulk sintering *** electromechanical properties are contrasted to in-situ heating scanning transmission electron microscopy to observe possible local effects,such as crystallization,grain growth,crystal defect structure,or grain *** addition X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies were conducted to gain insight into the effect of annealing on the crystal structure and local moisture adsorption.

关键词： Aerosol deposition Functional ceramic thick films Energy storage Structural characterization

Detecting abrupt change in land cover in the eastern Hindu Kush region using Landsat time series(1988-2020)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1699-1716页

作者： Saeed A.KHAn Kim A.VAnSELOW Oliver SASS Cyrus SAMIMI Department of Earth Sciences University of Bayreuth95447 BayreuthGermany Institute of Geography Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg91058 ErlangenGermany Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research University of Bayreuth95448 BayreuthGermany

Land cover change in the semi-arid environment of the eastern Hindu Kush region is driven by anthropogenic activities and environmental change impacts. natural hazards, such as floods presumably influenced by climatic change, cause abrupt change of land cover. So far, little research has been conducted to investigate the spatiotemporal aspects of this abrupt change in the valleys. In order to explore the abrupt change in land cover and floods as its possible drivers in the eastern Hindu Kush, a semi-arid mountain region characterized by complex terrain, vegetation variation, and precipitation seasonality, we analyzed long-term Landsat image time series from 1988 to 2020 using Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend(BFAST). Overall, BFAST effectively detected abrupt change by using Landsat-derived Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index(MSAVI). The results of our study indicate that approximately 95% of the study area experienced at least one abrupt change during 1988-2020. The years 1991, 1995, 1998, 2007, and 2016 were detected as the peak years, with the peaks occurring in different seasons. The annual trend of abrupt change is decreasing for the study area. The seasonality of abrupt change at the catchment level shows an increasing trend in the spring season for the southern catchments of Panjkora and Swat. The spatial distribution patterns show that abrupt change is primarily concentrated in the floodplains indicating that flooding is the primary driver of the land cover change in the region. We also demonstrated the accurate detection of past flood events(2015) based on the two case examples of Ayun, Rumbur, and Kalash valleys. The detection of the flood events was verified by fieldwork and historical high-resolution Google Earth imagery. Finally, our study provides an example of applying Landsat time series in a dry mountain region to detect abrupt changes in land cover and analyze impact of natural hazards such as floods.

关键词： Land cover change Floods natural hazards BFAST Chitral Pakistan

Valuable Beyond Vulnerable: A Scoping Review on the Contributions of Older Forced Migrants in Post-migration Recovery

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 186-197页

作者： Prince Chiagozie Ekoh Christine A.Walsh Faculty of Social Work University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Social Work University of NigeriaNsukka 410001Nigeria

During times of crisis, including pandemics, climate change, and forced migration, much of the discourse in ageing research and intervention centers on the vulnerabilities of older adults. Unfortunately, the valuable contributions of older adults to post-disaster recovery and healing are often overlooked and undervalued. Our aim in this scoping review is to shed light on the critical contributions of older forced migrants to post-migration recovery. We set the scene by introducing the two significant global demographic changes of the twenty-first century: forced migration and ageing. We provide a discourse on older forced migrants, ageing in situations of forced migration, and some of the challenges faced by older forced migrants. We then present some of the substantial roles of older forced migrants in post-migration recovery, including building resilience, contributing to culture and language transfer, providing emotional support, offering mentorship and leadership, participating in community building, and fostering social integration. We close by highlighting some of the lessons that can be drawn from understanding the unique roles played by older adults in post-forced migration recovery and the key actions necessary to promote these roles.

关键词： Older displaced persons Older forced migrants Older refugees Post-forced migration recovery

Robust Machine Learning Mapping of sEMG Signals to Future Actuator Commands in Biomechatronic Devices

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 270-287页

作者： Ali nasr Sydney Bell Rachel L.Whittaker Clark R.Dickerson John McPhee Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L3G3Canada

A machine learning model for regression of interrupted Surface Electromyography(sEMG)signals to future control-oriented signals(e.g.,robot’s joint angle and assistive torque)of an active biomechatronic device for high-level myoelectric-based hierarchical control is proposed.A Recurrent neural network(Rnn)was trained using output data,initially obtained from offline optimization of the biomechatronic(human–robot)device and shifted by the prediction *** input of the Rnn consisted of interrupted sEMG signals(to mimic signal disconnections)and previous kinematic signals of the assistive *** Rnn with a 0.1-s prediction horizon could predict the control-oriented joint angle and assistive torque with 92%and 86.5%regression accuracy,respectively,for the test *** proposed approach permits a fast,predictive,and direct estimation of control-oriented signals instead of an iterative process that optimizes assistive torque in the inverse dynamic simulation of a multibody human–robot *** with these interrupted input signals significantly improves the regression accuracy in the case of sEMG signal *** Robust Predictive Control-oriented Machine Learning(Robust-MusclenET)model can support volitional high-level myoelectric-based control of biomechatronic devices,such as exoskeletons,prostheses,and assistive/resistive *** work should study the application to prosthesis control as well as the repeatability of the high-level controller with electrode *** low-level hierarchical controller that manages the human–robot interaction,the assistance/resistance strategy,and the actuator coordination should also be studied.

关键词： Myoelectric-based control-Surface electromyography Machine learning Multibody system dynamics Exoskeleton Bionic

Experimental measurement and numerical modeling of deformation behavior of breast cancer cells passing through constricted microfluidic channels

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Microsystems & nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 129-147页

作者： Pouyan Keshavarz Motamed Hesam Abouali Mahla Poudineh nima Maftoon Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

During the multistep process of metastasis,cancer cells encounter various mechanical forces which make them deform *** accurate in-silico models,capable of simulating the interactions between the mechanical forces and highly deformable cancer cells,can pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic and predictive methods for metastatic ***-network models of cancer cell,empowered by our recently proposed identification approach,promises a versatile numerical tool for developing experimentally validated models that can simulate complex interactions at cellular *** this numerical tool,we presented spring-network models of breast cancer cells that can accurately replicate the experimental data of deformation behavior of the cells flowing in a fluidic domain and passing narrow constrictions comparable to ***,using high-speed imaging,we experimentally studied the deformability of breast cancer cell lines with varying metastatic potential(MCF-7(less invasive),SKBR-3(medium-high invasive),and MDA-MB-231(highly invasive)in terms of their entry time to a constricted microfluidic *** observed that MDA-MB-231,that has the highest metastatic potential,is the most deformable cell among the ***,by focusing on this cell line,experimental measurements were expanded to two more constricted microchannel *** experimental deformability data in three constricted microchannel sizes for various cell sizes,enabled accurate identification of the unknown parameters of the spring-network model of the breast cancer cell line(MDA-MB-231).Our results show that the identifed parameters depend on the cell size,suggesting the need for a systematic procedure for identifying the size-dependent parameters of spring-network models of *** the numerical results show,the presented cell models can simulate the entry process of the cell into constricted channels with very good agreements with the measured experimen

关键词： strict passing numerical