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Prediction of particle size and layer-thickness distributions in a continuous horizontal fluidized-bed coating process

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Particuology 2020年第3期18卷 1-12页

作者： P.Bachmann K.Chen A.Buck E.Tsotsas Thermal Process Engineering Otto-von-Guericke UniversityUniversit(a)tsplatz 2Magdeburg D-39106Germany Institute of Particle Technology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NurembergCauerstr.4Erlangen D-91058Germany

To predict the particle size and layer-thickness distributions(LTDs)in a continuously operated horizontal fluidized-bed granulation process,two alternative models were considered.A one-dimensional two-zone model was proposed,which describes with population-balance equations the particle growth in a spraying zone that is separated from the drying *** residence-time distribution(RTD)was calculated from a literature correlation and was coupled with a population-balance model via a tank-in-series model with reflux.A two-dimensional,one-zone population-balance model,which was based directly on the RTD and the feed particle-size distribution(PSD)was also *** experiments were conducted and analyzed microscopically and with a camera optical device to determine the sample *** over the particle population were derived from the PSDs and were analyzed directly by *** compare the simulated data with the experimentally determined distributions,the PSDs were converted to *** good agreement shows that both methods are suitable to determine the PSD from an RTD of an arbitrary granulation process in a horizontal fluidized *** appears necessary with regards to the LTD spread.

关键词： Fluidized bed Continuous process Coating,Residence-time distribution Particle-size distribution Layer-thickness distribution

Suspension- and powder-based derivation of Hansen dispersibility parameters for zinc oxide quantum dots

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Particuology 2019年第3期17卷 71-79页

作者： Sebastian Siüβ Wei Lin Olga Getmanenko Lukas Pflug Titus Sobisch Wolfgang Peukert Dietmar Lerche Doris Segets Institute of Particle Technology (LFG) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Niimberg (FAU) Cauerstr. 4 91058 Erlangen Germany Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Niimberg (FAU) HaberstraJSe 9a 91058 Erlangen Germany Institute of Applied Mathematics 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nümberg (FAU) Cauerstrajβe 11 91058 Erlangen Germany LUM GmbH Justus-von-Liebig StraJSe 3 12489 Berlin Germany Process Technology for Electrochemical Functional Materials Institute for Combustion and Gas Dynamics - Reactive Fluids (1VG) University Duisburg-Essen (UDE) Carl-Benz-StraJSe 199 47057 Duisburg Germany

For most particle-based applications, formulation in the liquid phase is a decisive step, and thus, particle interactions and stability in liquid media are of major importance. The concept of Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) was initially invented to describe the interactions of (polymer) molecules and their solubility in different liquids and is increasingly being used in particle technology to describe dispersibility. Because dispersions are not thermodynamically stable, the term Hansen dispersibility parameters (HDP) is used instead of HSP (SiiE, Sobisch, Peukert, Lerche,& Segets, 2018). Herein, we extend a previously developed standardized and non-subjective method for determination of Hansen parameters based on analytical centrifugation to the important class of quantum materials. As a technically relevant model system, zinc oxide quantum dots (QDs) were used to transfer our methodology to nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes below lOnm. The results obtained using the standard procedure starting from a dried powder were compared with those obtained through redispersion from the wet sediment produced during the typical washing procedure of QDs, and drying was observed to play an important role. In conclusion, our study reveals the high potential of HDP for quantifying the interfacial properties of NPs as well as their link to dispersibility.

关键词： Hansen solubility parameter Functionalization Semiconductor nanoparticles Colloidal stability Quantum material

Linearized model for optimization of coupled electricity and natural gas systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2017年第3期5卷 364-374页

作者： Mathias SIRVENT Nikolaos KANELAKIS Bjorn GEIßLER Pandelis BISKAS Discrete Optimization Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg(FAU)Cauerstr.1191058 ErlangenGermany School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki54124 ThessalonikiGreece

In this paper,a combined optimization of a coupled electricity and gas system is *** the electricity network a unit commitment problem with optimization of energy and reserves under a power pool,considering all system operational and unit technical constraints is *** gas network subproblem is a medium-scale mixed-integer nonconvex and nonlinear programming *** coupling constraints between the two networks are nonlinear as *** resulting mixed-integer nonlinear program is linearized with the extended incremental method and an outer approximation *** resulting model is evaluated using the Greek power and gas system comprising fourteen gas-fired units under four different approximation accuracy *** results indicate the efficiency of the proposed mixed-integer linear program model and the interplay between computational requirements and accuracy.

关键词： Electricity system Natural gas system Mixed-integer(non)linear programming Extended incremental method Outer approximation

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How commercial involvement affects open source projects:three case studies on issue reporting

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第8期56卷 153-165页

作者： MA XiuJuan ZHOU MingHui RIEHLE Dirk School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies Ministry of Education friedrich-alexander-university of erlangen-Nurnberg

Whereas most research on Internetware has focused on new technologies for keeping track of a changing Internet,little attention has been paid to the software development process.A large portion of the software running the Internet is open source *** source software is developed both by volunteers and commercial companies,often *** get involved in open source projects for commercial reasons,and bring with them a commercial software development ***,it is important to understand how commercial involvement affects the software development process of open source *** article presents case studies of three open source application servers that are being developed jointly by a volunteer community and one primary software *** are interested in better understanding developer behavior,specifically task distribution and performance,based on whether the developer is an external contributor,e.g.,a volunteer working in their spare time,or a commercial developer from inside the primary backing company who is being paid for their *** achieve this,we look at issue reporting as an example of commercial involvement in open source *** particular,we investigate the distribution of tasks among volunteers and commercial developers by studying the source of reported issues and quantify the task performance on user experience via the issue resolution *** construct measures based on historical records in issue tracking *** results show that,with intensified commercial involvement,the majority of issue reporting tasks would be undertaken by commercial developers,and issue resolution time would be reduced,implying a better user *** hope our methods and results provide practical insights for designing an efficient hybrid development process in the Internetware environment.

关键词： open source software development commercial involvement hybrid development contributor participation issue reporting

Sox9 in the developing central nervous system:a jack of all trades?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 676-677页

作者： Julia K.Vogel Michael Wegner Institut für Biochemie Emil-Fischer-ZentrumFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Sox9–gliogenesis and beyond:Neurons and glial cells are the major neuroectodermal cell types of the vertebrate central nervous system(CNS).Their generation from common progenitor cells takes place mostly during embryonic and early postnatal *** closure of the neural tube,neural epithelial progenitor cells(NEPs)establish the ventricular zone(VZ).By asymmetrical cell division,NEPs first give rise to neuronal precursor cells(NPs)that then differentiate into various types of ***,NEPs predominantly produce glial precursor cells that become either astroglia or oligodendroglia.

关键词： development. mostly closure

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Retinal microvascular signs and recurrent vascular events in patients with TIA or minor stroke

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第5期8卷 379-386,I0001-I0007页

作者： Philipp Klyscz Thomas Ihl Inga Laumeier Maureen Steinicke Matthias Endres Georg Michelson Heinrich J Audebert Neurology Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Center for Stroke Research Berlin Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Berlin Institute of Health BerlinGermany Excellence Cluster NeuroCure Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases partner site BerlinGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Research partner site BerlinGermany Ophthalmology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Medizinische FakultätErlangenGermany Talkingeyes&More GmbH ErlangenGermany

Background and purpose Retinal pathologies are an independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke,but research on the predictive value of retinal abnormalities for recurrent vascular events in patients with prior stroke is *** investigated the association of retinal pathologies with subsequent vascular *** In a substudy of the Intensified secondary prevention intending a reduction of recurrent events in TIA and minor stroke patients(INSPiRE-TMS)trial,we enrolled patients with recent transient ischaemic attack(TIA)or minor stroke with at least one modifiable risk *** outcome was the composite of subsequent vascular *** photographs were taken at baseline and categorised into three different fundus groups by a telemedically linked *** 722 patients participated in the current study and 109 major vascular events *** multivariable adjustments,we did not find a significant association between fundus categories and risk for subsequent vascular events(HRs for moderate vascular retinopathy and vascular retinopathy with vessel rarefaction in comparison to no vascular retinopathy 1.03(95%CI 0.64 to 1.67),p=0.905 and 1.17(95%CI 0.62 to 2.20),p=0.626).In a selective post hoc analysis in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension,patients with vascular retinopathy with vessel rarefaction had a higher risk for recurrent stroke(HR 24.14(95%CI 2.74 to 212.50),p=0.004).Conclusions Retinal changes did not predict major subsequent vascular events in patients with recent TIA or minor *** studies are needed to examine the utility of fundus photography in assessing the risk of stroke recurrence in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

关键词： patients Retinal prevention

TACKLING INDUSTRIAL-SCALE SUPPLY CHAIN PROBLEMS BY MIXED-INTEGER PROGRAMMING

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2019年第6期37卷 866-888页

作者： Gerald Gamrath Ambros Gleixner Thorsten Koch Matt hias Miltenberger Dimitri Kniasew Dominik Schlogel alexander Martin Dieter Weninger Zuse Institute Berlin Department Optimization SAP SE SAP Optimization friedrich-alexander-Universitat erlangen-NiimbeTg Department Mathematics

The modeling flexibility and the optimality guarantees provided by mixed-integer programming greatly aid the design of robust and future-proof decision support *** complexity of industrial-scale supply chain optimization,however,often poses limits to the application of general mixed-integer programming *** this paper we describe algorithmic innovations that help to ensure that MIP solver performance matches the complexity of the large supply chain problems and tight time limits encountered in *** computational evaluation is based on a diverse set,modeling real-world scenarios supplied by our industry partner SAP.

关键词： Supply chain management Supply network optimization Mixed-integer linear programming Primal heuristics Numerical stability Large-scale optimization

Metabolic regulation of adult stem cell-derived neurons

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第2期10卷 107-116页

作者： Ruth Beckervordersandforth Benjamin M. Haberle, D. Chiehung Lie Institute of Biochemistry Emil Fischer Center Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Niirnberg Germany

The discovery of continuous generation of functional neurons throughout fife has emerged as a major contributor to plasticity in defined regions of the adult mammalian brain. Work over the past decades identified cellular constituents of the distinct adult neurogenic niches as well as numerous signaling pathways, transcriptional and epigenetic regulators that exert tight control over the production of new neurons from resident stem cells. Recent studies uncovered developmental stage-specific adaptations of metabolic circuits and have provided evidence for their central regulatory function in the adult neurogenic lineage. Moreover, there is increasing evidence for a regulatory impact of a wide range of systemic metabolic factors including exercise induced metabolic changes and diet on the development of adult-born neurons. Here, we will summarize current knowledge and emerging principles underlying the metabolic control of neuronal maturation in adult neurogenesis.

关键词： metabolism adult neurogenesis mitochondria diet

Ionic liquids in electrocatalysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第2期25卷 197-205页

作者： Gui-Rong Zhang Bastian J.M.Etzold Lehrstuhl fur Chemische Reaktionstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Erlangen 91058 Germany Ernst-Berl-Institut fur Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Technische Universitat Darmstadt Darmstadt 64287 Germany

The performance of an electrocatalyst, which is needed e.g. for key energy conversion reactions such as hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction or CO2 reduction, is determined not only by the inherent structure of active sites but also by the properties of the interfacial structures at catalytic surfaces. Ionic liquids（ILs）, as a unique class of metal salts with melting point below 100 ℃, present themselves as ideal modulators for manipulations of the interfacial structures. Due to their excellent properties such as good chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical windows and tunable solvent properties the performance of electrocatalysts can be substantially improved through ILs. In the current minireview, we highlight the critical role of the IL phase at the microenvironments created by the IL, the liquid electrolyte, catalytic nanoparticles and/or support materials, by detailing the promotional effect of IL in electrocatalysis as reaction media, binders, and surface modifiers. Updated exemplary applications of IL in electrocatalysis are given and moreover, the latest developments of IL modified electrocatalysts following the ＂Solid Catalyst with Ionic Liquid Layer（SCILL）＂ concept are presented.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Ionic liquid Solid catalyst with ionic liquid layer Ligand effect Mass transfer Fuel cell Water electrolysis

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