Currently new suburban trains for the operating company Norwegian State railways are being delivered. The innovative EMU Class BM72 four-unit electric train sets should replace the existing operational EMU Class BM69 ...
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Currently new suburban trains for the operating company Norwegian State railways are being delivered. The innovative EMU Class BM72 four-unit electric train sets should replace the existing operational EMU Class BM69 three-unit electric train sets which have been in service for more than almost 40 years. Hence, a renewal of the suburban train fleet seemed to be necessary. Due to the design, the new four-unit electric train sets have unusually high axle loads being used as suburban train for passenger traffic. As an average, the EMU Class BM72 train sets have axle loads which are approximately 22-25 percent higher than axle loads of the existing EMU train sets of class BM69. Hence, this paper will discuss the consequences concerning rail stresses and track deterioration tendencies with respect to a total replacement of the BM69 sets to the BM72 sets. Approved hand tool calculation methods found in the literature will be applied in order to calculate the stresses. Further will works completed by the ORE– committee D 161 be applied regarding considerations with respect to track damages. In this case, relative comparisons between EMU Class BM72 and EMU Class BM69 will be carried out.
The Uranium exploration history of the Central African Republic(CAR)extends on two periods separated by the independence in 1960,of the ex-Ubangi-Chari,a colony of french Equatorial *** uranium research is contemporar...
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The Uranium exploration history of the Central African Republic(CAR)extends on two periods separated by the independence in 1960,of the ex-Ubangi-Chari,a colony of french Equatorial *** uranium research is contemporary of the french Atomic Energy Commission(CEA)implementation in this country in 1947 and done by the *** began the first *** second period started after the 1960 *** the independence,the exploration works were realized in two stages from 1947 to 1957 and from 1958 to *** first stage regarded the recognizing of uranium occurrences in the magmatic and pegmatitic *** this,three missions were organized in the east of the *** first mission took place from March to July *** second mission was realized from April to June 1949,and the third mission from November to April *** second stage had concerned the uranium research in sedimentary basins by the prospecting Mba?ki Series(January 1958-January 1960)and Fouroumbala Series(August 1959-June 1961).These series offered the chance to CEA to discover the Bakouma uranium *** this discovery in 1965,the falls of prices of the uranium provoked altered stoppings and resumptions of works with the following societies:the company of uranium ores of Bakouma(URBA)1969;Centralafrican uranium(URCA)in 1975 but dissolved in 1981;in 1989-1991,the Japanese Nuclear Power Corporation(PNC)for a deposit re-examination;URAMIN Centrafrique in 2004-2005 and AREVA Resources Centrafrique in *** last-mentioned had stopped works since 2012.
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