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Reclamation of oil-induced soil hydrophobicity in the hyper-arid Evrona Nature Reserve,southern Israel

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Pedosphere 2021年第6期31卷 892-902页

作者： Zheng LI Zeev RONEN Faina GELMAN Onn CROUVI Gilboa ARYE Ravid ROSENZWEIG Zuckerberg institute for Water research Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer Campus 8499000(Israel) Geological Survey of Israel 32 Yeshayahu Leibowitz St.Jerusalem 9692100(Israel) french associates institute for agriculture and biotechnology of drylands blaustein institutes for desert research Ben-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer Campus 8499000(Israel)

Two oil spills occurred in the Evrona Nature Reserve(southern Israel),in 1975 and *** oil contamination induced highly persistent soil *** objective of this study was to investigate the decrease in oil-induced soil hydrophobicity under different environmental conditions and to assess the relationship between the hydrophobicity and hydrocarbon content.A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted over 1.5 years to monitor the soil hydrophobicity and total hydrocarbon concentration under different environmental *** hypothesized that the addition of water(20% or 50% saturation),nutrients,and biosurfactants can accelerate the reduction in hydrophobicity and decomposition of *** drop penetration time and molarity of ethanol droplet tests were used to assess soil *** parallel,alkane composition and total petroleum hydrocarbons were evaluated to indicate oil *** addition of water,nutrients,and biosurfactants resulted in a concomitant reduction in hydrophobicity and hydrocarbon concentration of varying degrees,exhibiting enhanced degradation and hydrophobicity reduction observed in treatments to which nutrients and biosurfactants were *** the end of the incubation,however,soil hydrophobicity in all treatments remained severe,even though total petroleum hydrocarbon removal was fairly high and reached 40%–80%in the treatments to which water with or without nutrients and/or surfactants was added.

关键词： biodegradation biosurfactant hydrocarbons oil spill soil water repellency water drop penetration time

Adaptation to a novel host and performance trade-off in host-generalist and host-specific insect ectoparasites

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 567-580页

作者： Irina S.Khokhlova Luther van der Mescht Elizabeth M.Warburton Nadezhda A.Stavtseva Boris R.Krasnov Wyler Department of Dryland agriculture French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of DrylandsJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusMidreshet Ben-GurionIsrael Mitrani Department of desert Ecology Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy ResearchJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusMidreshet Ben-GurionIsrael Clinvet International Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia

We investigated the performance trade-offs of fleas(Siphonaptera)while adapting to a novel host using two host generalists(Xenopsylla conformis and Xenopsylla ramesis)and one host specialist(Parapulex chephrenis)maintained on their principal hosts(Meriones crassus for Xenopsylla and Acomys cahirinus for ***).We asked whether,over generations,(i)a host generalist may become a specialist by evolving the ability to exploit a novel host and losing the ability to exploit an original host and(ii)a host specialist can become a generalist by evolving the ability to exploit a novel host without losing the ability to exploit an original *** established an experimental line of each species on a novel host(Acomys russatus for Xenopsylla and *** for ***)and maintained this line on this host during 23 *** compared reproductive performance of progenitors of each line and their descendants when they exploited either original or novel host in terms of egg number and size,hatching success,offspring production,and offspring *** found changes in performance over generations in female offspring size *** conformis demonstrated a tendency to become a host specialist(increased performance on the novel host with a concomitant decreased performance on the original host),whereas *** demonstrated a tendency to become a host generalist(increased performance on the novel host without a concomitant decreased performance on the original host).We conclude that the probability of generalist to specialist transition,and vice versa,is context-dependent and varies between species.

关键词： experimental evolution fleas generalist performance rodents specialist

Seed Setting and Its Spatial Characteristics in Tartary Buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第8期91卷 1659-1669页

作者： Dabing Xiang Yue Song Chao Song Yan Wan Xueling Ye Changying Liu Chenggang Liang Gang Zhao Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Food and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengdu610106China french associates institute for agriculture&biotechnology of drylands Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeersheba84990Israel research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang550001China

A low seed-setting rate is the main limiting factor influencing Tartary buckwheat production under high-yield cultivation *** investigate the seed setting and its spatial characteristics,two Tartary buckwheat cultivars(high seed-setting rate cultivar Qianku 3;low seed-setting rate cultivar Liuku 3)were compared by a two-year field trial in 2017 and *** results showed that the Tartary buckwheat underwent simultaneous flowering and ***,generated from branch,were still blooming during the mature stage of grains on stem,which resulting in a greater number of flowers and grains on the branch than those on the stem at the low part of *** seed-setting characteristics significantly differed between two *** high seed-setting rate of Qianku 3 was 26.6%and 33.2%higher than Liuku 3 in 2017 and 2018,***,Qianku 3 showed a higher filled grain number(157.8%)and seed-setting rate(66.4%)on branch than Liuku 3.A network analysis showed that the whole-plant seed-setting rate was positively correlated with grain number,which was closely correlated with flower number at the same position of *** path-coefficient analysis revealed that grains number on branches was the most dominant component(Path coefficient(P)=2.19)of the seed-setting rate,followed by grains number on stem(P=0.60).The grains number on branches showed the greatest positive direct effect with significant correlation(r=0.76 and P<0.01)on the seed-setting ***,the present study indicated that the grain number of branches may play a vital role in improving the seed-setting rate in Tartary buckwheat.

关键词： Grain number path-coefficient analysis seed-setting rate tartary buckwheat

Plant performance as an indicator of water quality in constructed wetland in a hyper-arid region

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Plant performance as an indicator of water quality in constr...

Root Study: Why Is It behind Other Plant Studies?

International Symposium on Ecological Remediation of Environmental Pollution and Bioenergy Exploitation

作者： Oren Shelef Avi Golan-Goldhirsh Tania Gendler Shimon Rachmilevitch french associates institute for agriculture＆biotechnology of drylands The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research（BIDR）Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

A worldwide increasing demand for water has stimulated efforts to treat wastewater for reuse in *** facilities for wastewater treatment have been introduced as a solution in remote areas for small *** wetlands（CWs）offer a’green technology’,avoiding energy demanding processes and environmental pollution.A CW mimics natural wetlands,cleaning wastewater as they flow through a complex of filter media,microbial fauna and *** this report,we shall present the establishment of CW in extreme dryland in the Negev desert in Israel,under EU LIFE *** initial results of the monitoring are *** nearly all measurements the system succeeded as expected to reduce levels of contaminants at least to the level acceptable for irrigating fruit trees,and often to the level of unlimited irrigation.

关键词： constructed wetland plant phyto-indicator water quality photochemical efficiency arid land

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 198-203页

作者： Moshe Silberbush Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Jacob Blaustein Instutes for Desert Research-French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands Sede-Boqer Campus Midreshet-Ben-Gurion Israel

Until the 1980s, root studies were typically conducted in nutrient solution, because of the technical difficulties of studying roots in their natural environment, soil. Recent innovations and the realization that there are gaps between the expected and actual performance of plant root systems have emphasized the need for more realistic solutions. This review analyzes the study of plant roots in view of developments in soil science, microbiology, botany and plant physiology, and recently the introduction of molecular biology and computerized imaging.

关键词： Root Architecture Nutrient Uptake Modeling Rhizosphere Soil and Root Relationships