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individuals with and without normal tension glaucoma exhibit comparable performance on tests of cognitive function

international Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第11期14卷 1721-1728页

作者： Qi N.Cui David Green Mohit Jethi Todd Driver Travis C.Porco Jane Kuo Shan C.Lin Robert L.Stamper Ying Han Cynthia S.Chiu Saras Ramanathan Michael E.Ward Katherine Possin Yvonne Ou Department of Ophthalmology University of California San Francisco University of Pennsylvania francis i.proctor foundation University of California San Francisco Glaucoma Center of San francisco Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco Neurogenetics Branch National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of Health

AiM:To evaluate aspects of cognition impacted by individuals with and without normal tension ***:Fifty normal tension glaucoma(NTG)and 50 control patients≥50 y of age were recruited from the UCSF Department of *** data and glaucoma parameters were extracted from electronic medical records for both *** of executive function[Executive Abilities:Measures and instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research(EXAMiNER)]and learning and memory[California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition(CVLT-ii)]were administered to both NTG and ***,handedness,best-corrected visual acuity,maximum intraocular pressure,optic nerve cup-todisc ratio,visual field and optic nerve optical coherence tomography parameters,and a measure of general health(Charlson Comorbidity index)were compared between NTG and controls as well as within NTG *** linear regression was used to compare group performances on the EXAMiNER battery and CVLT-ii while controlling for age,sex,and years of ***:NTG and controls were comparable with respect to age,sex,race,education,handedness,and the Charlson Comorbidity index(P>0.05 for all).Performance on the EXAMiNER composite score and the CVLT-ii did not differ between NTG and controls(P>0.05 for both).CONCLUSiON:This is the first prospective study in which the cognitive function of subject with NTG were evaluated using a comprehensive,computerized neurocognitive *** with NTG do not perform worse than unaffected controls on tests of executive function,learning,and memor *** do not suppor t the hypothesis that individuals with NTG are at higher risk for cognitive dysfunction and/or dementia.

关键词： low tension glaucoma dementia mild cognitive impairment neurodegeneration memory and executive function

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Comprehensive and updated review on the diagnosis and treatment of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

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Annals of Eye Science 2023年第2期8卷 39-52页

作者： Charlene H.Choo Nisha R.Acharya Jessica G.Shantha F.i.proctor foundation UCSFSan FranciscoCAUSA

The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the clinical features,imaging modalities,differential diagnosis,diagnostic criteria,and treatment options for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada(VKH)syndrome,a rare progressive inflammatory condition characterized by bilateral granulomatous panuveitis and systemic *** the clinical features and disease course of VKH syndrome are well-characterized in the literature,its diagnosis is challenging due to a broad differential that include infectious and noninfectious causes of uveitis and rare inflammatory conditions,as well as a lack of a single diagnostic finding on exam,laboratory testing,or *** evolution of the diagnostic criteria for VKH syndrome reflects the growing understanding of the disease by the ophthalmic community and advancement of imaging *** on enhanced depth imaging(EDi)optical coherence tomography(OCT)and indocyanine green angiography(iCGA)help detect subtle inflammation of the choroid and were incorporated into new diagnostic criteria developed in the last few *** is limited research on the treatment for acute VKH,but results of studies to date support the early initiation of immunomodulatory therapy(iMT)due to a high recurrence rate and progression to chronic disease in patients treated with monotherapy with high-dose systemic *** review will provide an indepth summary of recent literature on advanced imaging modality and iMT to guide clinicians in their management of patients with VKH syndrome.

关键词： Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada(VKH) uveitis autoimmune multimodal imaging

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Catatonia:A deep dive into its unfathomable depths

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 210-214页

作者： Peter Phiri Gayathri Delanerolle Oliver Hope Tharangini Murugaiyan Geoffrey Dimba Shanaya Rathod Zukiswa Zingela Research&innovation Department Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO303JBUnited Kingdom School of Psychology Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJHampshireUnited Kingdom Acute inpatients Services Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustBasingstoke RG249RHUnited Kingdom Home Treatment Team South WestSurrey and Borders Partnerships NHS Foundation TrustGuildford GU27XLSurreyUnited Kingdom Faculty of Health Sciences Nelson Mandela UniversitySummerstrand 6001GqeberhaSouth Africa

This editorial addresses catatonia,a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome characterised by a spectrum of psychomotor *** editorial seeks to clarify the ambiguous aspects of catatonia,integrating recent research findings,including global studies and diagnostic *** discusses catatonia’s clinical manifestations,prevalence,and associated psychiatric and medical conditions,with particular emphasis on its frequent co-occurrence with schizophrenia and mood *** prevalence of catatonia,which varies across psychiatric populations,is illustrated by a significant study conducted in Nelson Mandela Bay,South *** study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of the Bush-francis Screening instrument compared to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 criteria in diagnosing *** editorial evaluates treatment approaches,primarily focusing on benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy,and discusses emerging therapeutic *** underscores the importance of robust diagnostic frameworks and early intervention in managing catatonia,as recommended by the latest evidence-based consensus ***,it suggests future research directions,particularly in exploring the neurobiological and genetic factors of catatonia,to enhance our understanding and improve treatment *** editorial succinctly aims to demystify catatonia and provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers in mental health care.

关键词： Catatonia Schizophrenia Neuropsychiatry Benzodiazepines Electroconvulsive therapy Bush-francis screening instrument Diagnosis

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Cytomegalovirus retinitis in the highly active anti-retroviral therapy era

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第1期7卷 42-50页

作者： ifeoma N.Ude Steven Yeh Jessica G.Shantha Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA francis i.proctor foundation University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA Truhlsen Eye institute University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA

Cytomegalovirus(CMV)retinitis is an opportunistic infection that has traditionally affected those who have HiV/AiDS or immunosuppressed *** retinitis previously infected one-third of AiDS patients in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)era,but since HAART,Western countries have seen an 80%decrease in the incidence of the *** recently,CMV retinitis has been reported in patients who are immunosuppressed,often due to chemotherapy or immunomodulatory *** diagnosis of CMV retinitis is often suspected based on clinical findings,with polymerase chain reaction for confirmation of CMV,especially in atypical *** active antiretroviral therapy and anti-CMV medications(systemic or local)remain the mainstay of ***,for those who are not responsive to HAART,CMV retinitis remains a challenge,and can still lead to significant vision ***,a regimen of anti-CMV medications can sometimes lead to viral resistance or organ *** such as immune recovery retinitis and rhegmatogenous retinal detachments continue to threaten the vision of patients who develop CMV *** complications can arise following initiation of treatment or if patients show disease *** vision screening for CMV retinitis in immunosuppressed patients at-risk is necessary for early detection and treatment.

关键词： Cytomegalovirus(CMV) retinitis highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)

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Pseudophacomorphic Glaucoma Along with Pupillary Block after Visian<sup>TM</sup>implantable Collamer Lens implantation for High Myopia

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2014年第4期4卷 107-111页

作者： Michael V. McCaughey Thomas R. Mifflin Carlton R. Fenzl Jason A. Goldsmith Majid Moshirfar University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque USA John A. Moran Eye Center University of Utah Salt Lake City USA francis i. proctor foundation University of California San Francisco San Francisco USA

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral glaucoma related to pseudophacomorphic mechanism in one eye and pupillary block in the other eye after Visian implantable Collamer Lens (iCL;STAAR Surgical) insertion. Methods: A 44-year-old female with high myopia underwent bilateral iCL implantation of MiCL12.6 after sulcus diameter measurements were performed by Pentacam. Results: Pseudophacomorphic glaucoma-related angle closure occurred due to lens oversizing in the right eye. The mechanism was relieved via iCL explantation. in the left eye, pupillary block developed in a subacute manner after closure of the Peripheral iridotomy (Pi). The attack was ameliorated by reestablishing patency of the iridotomy. Conclusions: iCL-related glaucomatous attacks may result from improper sizing as well as from placement of a single Pi. identification of the proper mechanism is vital as treatments differ significantly. in pseudo phacomorphic glaucoma, explantation is needed. in pupillary block glaucoma, treatment involves establishment of a patent Pi.

关键词： Pseudophacomorphic Glaucoma Visian iCL Pupillary Block

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Phlyctenulosis-Like Presentation Secondary to Embedded Corneal Foreign Body

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2014年第4期4卷 112-116页

作者： Valliammai Muthappan Jared G. Smedley Carlton R. Fenzl Majid Moshirfar John A. Moran Eye Center University of Utah Salt Lake City USA College of Human Medicine Michigan State University Lansing USA Department of Ophthalmology Francis I. Proctor Foundation University of California San Francisco San Francisco USA

Case Presentation: A nine-year-old boy presented to the general ophthalmologist with a several weeks history of redness, photophobia and intermittent foreign body sensation in the right eye. A pigmented lesion with anterior chamber inflammation was noted on examination. B-scan ultrasound was performed and revealed no foreign body. The patient was diagnosed with anterior uveitis, which did not completely respond to treatment. The differential diagnosis was expanded to include peripheral ulcerative keratitis, phlyctenulosis, pigmented neoplasm, and corneal foreign body. Upon referral to a cornea specialist, an exam under anesthesia revealed a large foreign body consistent with a rock fragment in the peripheral cornea, which was subsequently removed without complication. Conclusion: This case highlights an atypical presentation of foreign body as well as a differential diagnosis of pigmented peripheral corneal lesions. Foreign bodies represent the most common cause of urgent ophthalmic evaluation. When evaluating lesions of the cornea, it is imperative to keep an extensive differential diagnosis, giving the potential for severe and rapid development of visually threatening complications.

关键词： Corneal Foreign Body Phlyctenulosis Pigmented Corneal Lesion Anterior Uveitis

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Usefulness of the Surgical Apgar Score to Predict the Occurrence of Major Complications in the Early Post-Operative Period of Major Surgeries: Experience of Two Second-Category Hospitals in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第3期14卷 51-65页

作者： Charles Emmanuel Toussaint Binam Bikoi francis Ateba Ndongo Serge Vivier Nga Nomo Édouard Léa Mekoui Ze Fidèle Binam Department of Anesthesia and intensive Care University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Yaounde Mother and Child Center Chantal Biya Foundation University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Department of Anesthesia and intensive Care Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon

Objective: The Surgical Apgar Score (SAS) is a tool for intraoperative stratification of the risk of serious complications in the early postoperative period. it varies from 0 to 10 points divided into three risk categories (0 to 4 high, 5 to 7 moderate, 8 to 10 low). The aim of the study was to evaluate its relevance in predicting the appearance of these complications. Material and methods: This descriptive and analytical study was carried out at the “Laquintinie” Hospital in Douala and at the Central Hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon. The main data were collected on a population of patients over 18 years old and recorded on a survey form. They consisted of variables of main interest and exposure variables. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis using top-down logistic regression models made it possible to evaluate the association of each variable of main interest and each exposure variable. The association was significant at P Results: Of the 88 patients studied, the SAS was 3 hours. in multivariate, this link persisted only and strongly for the SAS OR (iC) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2) and p = 000. Conclusion: The study found a specific and powerful link between the SAS score ications in the early postoperative period, in favor of its relevance in predicting them.

关键词： Early Postoperative Complications Major Surgeries Surgical Apgar Score

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东南亚角膜溃疡Ⅱ研究中缅甸乡村医院真菌性角膜炎的防治策略

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(眼科学分册) 2006年第12期 38-39页

作者： Maung N. Thant C.C. Srinivasan M. J. P. Whitcher 闫丽 francis i.proctor foundation UCSF Box 0944 95 Kirkham Street San Francisco CA 94143-0944 United States Dr.

Aim: To prove that topical antifungal and antibiotic prophylaxis distributed by grass roots village health workers (VHWs) in Burma is an effective public health intervention for the prevention of post-traumatic microbial keratitis in a population where the majority of ulcers are fungal. Methods: Three villages in Bago District with a combined population of 16 987 were selected for the study. This defined population was followed prospectively for 12 months by 15 VHWs who were trained to identify post-traumatic corneal abrasions with fluorescein dye and a blue torch and to administer 1%chloramphenicol and 1%clotrimazole ointment three times a day for 3 days to the eyes of individuals who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Results: During the 12 month period 273 individuals reported to VHWs with an ocular injury and 126 were found to have a corneal abrasion. All 126 were treated with 1%chloramphenicol and 1%clotrimazole ointment three times a day for 3 days, and all healed without sequelae. Conclusions: Both fungal and bacterial ulcers that occur following traumatic corneal abrasions can be effectively prevented in a village setting by using relatively simple measures that local volunteer public health workers can easily be taught to employ.

关键词：角膜溃疡真菌性角膜炎溃疡性角膜炎角膜疾病聚星障角膜擦伤缅甸眼药水抗真菌Ⅰ 抗真菌药克霉唑

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Spatial distribution of leprosy in india:an ecological study

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infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 206-214页

作者： Kyra H.Grantz Winnie Chabaari Ramolotja Kagiso Samuel Buri Gershom Laura Blum Lee Worden Sarah Ackley Fengchen Liu Thomas M.Lietman Alison P.Galvani Lalitha Prajna Travis C.Porco Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Emerging Pathogens institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA DST/NRF Center for Excellence in Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis(SACEMA) StellenboschSouth Africa Stellenbosch University StellenboschSouth Africa African institute of Mathematical Sciences MuizenbergSouth Africa University of California BerkeleyCAUSA francis i.proctor foundation for Research in Ophthalmology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Ophthalmology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA Yale University New HavenCTUSA Aravind Eye Hospital MaduraiTamil NaduIndia

Background:As leprosy elimination becomes an increasingly realistic goal,it is essential to determine the factors that contribute to its *** evaluate social and economic factors as predictors of leprosy annual new case detection rates within india,where the majority of leprosy cases ***:We used correlation and linear mixed effect regressions to assess whether poverty,illiteracy,nighttime satellite radiance(an index of development),and other covariates can explain district-wise annual new case detection rate and Grade 2 disability ***:We find only weak evidence of an association between poverty and annual new case detection rates at the district level,though illiteracy and satellite radiance are statistically significant predictors of leprosy at the district *** find no evidence of rapid decline over the period 2008-2015 in either new case detection or new Grade 2 ***:Our findings suggest a somewhat higher rate of leprosy detection,on average,in poorer districts;the overall effect is *** divide between leprosy case detection and true incidence of clinical leprosy complicates these results,particularly given that the detection rate is likely disproportionately lower in impoverished *** information is needed to distinguish the determinants of leprosy case detection and transmission during the elimination epoch.

关键词： Leprosy Hansen’s disease india Poverty Spatial

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微生物性角膜炎的诊断和治疗

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实用防盲技术 2015年第3期10卷 93-96,F0004页

作者： Madan P Upadhyay Muthiah Srinivasan John P Whitcher 石磊 BP Eye foundation Aravind Eye Hospital francis i.proctor foundation and Department of Ophthalmology University of California 安徽医科大学附属安徽省立医院眼科 230001

角膜感染如果不能很快的诊断和恰当的治疗,可使角膜失去透明性而致盲。“微生物性角膜炎”、“感染性角膜炎”和“化脓性角膜炎”都是指角膜的化脓性感染。在这篇文章里,我们使用“微生物性角膜炎”这一概念。这些感染的特征是角膜实质... 详细信息

角膜感染如果不能很快的诊断和恰当的治疗,可使角膜失去透明性而致盲。“微生物性角膜炎”、“感染性角膜炎”和“化脓性角膜炎”都是指角膜的化脓性感染。在这篇文章里,我们使用“微生物性角膜炎”这一概念。这些感染的特征是角膜实质层的黄白色浸润,伴或不伴角膜上皮的缺损,常有炎性反应。（图1）微生物性角膜炎的最常见主诉如下（包括不同的严重程度）：·眼红·疼痛·视物模糊·畏光·流泪这篇文章将回顾细菌性和真菌性角膜炎,

关键词：微生物性角膜感染角膜实质层细菌性角膜溃疡角膜上皮结膜瓣遮盖那他霉素真菌性角膜溃疡角膜刮片检查桥式结膜瓣

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