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Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune,cfDNA,mitochondrial,and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian Garcia-Medina Karolina Sienkiewicz S.Anand Narayanan Eliah G.Overbey Kirill Grigorev Krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke Jacqueline Proszynski Braden Tierney Caleb M.Schmidt Nuria Mencia-Trinchant Remi Klotz Veronica Ortiz Jonathan Foox Christopher Chin Deena Najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus Chan Carlos Cruchaga Ashley Kleinman JangKeun Kim Alexander Lucaci Conor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminck Anvita Singaraju Lynn E.Taylor Julian C.Schmidt Michael A.Schmidt Kelly Blease Juan Moreno Andrew Boddicker Junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altomare Semyon Kruglyak Shawn Levy Min Yu Duane C.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaime Mateus Christopher E.Mason Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space Exploration Technologies Corporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospace BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Pattern Analysis&Human Performance Group BoulderCO 80302USA Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Element Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-civilian orbital flight mission,investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic *** advances,there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including microgravity,immune system perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission,we collected dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DNA *** length was measured by quantitative PCR,while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis,including variant calling to assess mutational *** Telomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures *** significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP)or whole-genome instability was *** long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months *** Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight,with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to *** sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of CHIP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career *** study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight,low Earth orbit(LEO)missions,and deep-space exploration.

关键词： genomes clonal hematopoiesis stability immune mitochondria ribosomes spaceflight

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海洋性大陆地形对夏季季节内振荡的影响:基于2020年9月个例的数值模拟分析

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南京大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第2期60卷 267-275页

作者：孔钰博周逸豪汪曙光中尺度灾害性天气教育部重点实验室南京大学大气科学学院南京210023 科罗拉多州立大学大气科学系美国Fort CollinsCO80523

海洋性大陆(Maritime Continent,MC)是夏季大气季节内振荡(the Boreal Summer IntraSeasonal Oscillation,BSISO)传播的必经途径,而MC对于BSISO结构和传播产生的重要的影响机制很不清楚.针对此问题,利用高精度数值模式对一次BSISO事件... 详细信息

海洋性大陆(Maritime Continent,MC)是夏季大气季节内振荡(the Boreal Summer IntraSeasonal Oscillation,BSISO)传播的必经途径,而MC对于BSISO结构和传播产生的重要的影响机制很不清楚.针对此问题,利用高精度数值模式对一次BSISO事件展开数值模拟试验研究.选取2020年8-9月的一次BSISO事件,利用高精度数值模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting model)对本次BSISO过程进行了近一个月的数值模拟.发现WRF控制试验合理模拟出与再分析资料中相近的北传低层风场以及明显具有BSISO特征的西北-东南倾斜的雨带,并合理地捕捉了本次BSISO事件的传播特征和平均状态.为了研究MC地形对本次事件传播和强度的影响,在WRF模式中去除了MC地区的地形,开展了敏感性试验.在去除地形的敏感性试验中,BSISO低空风加强,传播更加平滑,整体降水幅度增加,而在岛屿上水汽大幅增加,降水量减少.在地形高度为零的情况下,纬向平流大大增强,从而增强了海上对流,促进了BSISO的加强和传播.此数值模拟试验研究揭示了MC地形对BSISO降水结构、传播和幅度的影响.

关键词：夏季季节内振荡海洋性大陆地形对流允许数值试验

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient identifies patients with previously undiagnosed clinically significant portal hypertension

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Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis 2024年第2期3卷 67-74页

作者： Jerome C.Edelson Scott F.D.Edelson John G.Quiles Cyrus V.Edelson Eric M.Montminy Christian L.Horn John P.Magulick Don C.Rockey Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA Department of Medicine Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA John H.Stroger Jr.Hospital of Cook County ChicagoIllinoisUSA Digestive Disease Research Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Aims:Portal hypertension(PH)is a complication of cirrhosis that leads to hepatic *** the portal pressure gradient(PPG)provides valuable information for disease assessment,staging,and *** this study,we aimed to report the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided PPG(EUS-PPG)measurements in a real-world ***:This retrospective analysis included patients at a tertiary care center who underwent EUS-PPG between February 2021 and May *** most common indication was to establish or exclude the diagnosis of cirrhosis,followed by an assessment of surgical risk in the setting of suspected *** demographic and clinical data were collected,and statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t ***:Eighteen patients underwent *** success was achieved in 17 of the 18 *** complications were *** mean scores of Child-Pugh,Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium,and Fibrosis-4 scores were 5.1±0.5,9.0±3.0,and 3.7±4.5,*** the 18 patients,two presented with esophageal varices and six with portal hypertensive *** mean PPG was 5.8±4.5 mmHg,and five patients exhibited clinically significant PH(CSPH).Of the 18 patients,15 underwent concurrent EUS-liver biopsy,which was 100%successful and provided diagnostic histology for all *** PPG data led to changes in the clinical management of 17 ***:EUS-PPG is safe and technically *** Child-Pugh score did not correlate well with the presence of CSPH;however,PPG measurements resulted in changes in the management of almost all *** studies correlating EUS-PPG with other assessments of liver diseases are required.

关键词： EUS portal hypertension portal pressure gradient

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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Uses in Bio-Regenerative Therapies for Bone and Cartilage: A Review

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Open Journal of Regenerative Medicine 2024年第1期13卷 1-19页

作者： Nathan Smernoff Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Wort Texas USA

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a top candidate for new clinical treatments in the repair of bone and cartilage. In several clinical trials, they have shown reliable, effective, and safe management of inflammation, pain, and the regenerative capabilities of resident tissues. MSCs are likely derived from pericytes. They modulate the environment they are placed in by secreting immunomodulatory and signaling molecules to reduce inflammation and direct resident cells to create new tissues. They are easily isolated from several different adult tissues, and inexpensive to grow in a lab. However, a mistake made in the initial classification of MSCs as stem cells has created deeply engrained misconceptions that are still evident today. MSCs are not stem cells, despite a large fraction of research and therapies using the name “mesenchymal stem cells”. This mistake creates false narratives attributing the observed positive outcomes of MSC treatments to stem cell characteristics, which has led to distrust in MSC research. Despite inconsistencies in their classification, MSCs demonstrate consistent positive effects in numerous animal studies and human clinical trials for non-unions and osteoarthritis. With an aging population, regenerative techniques are very promising for novel therapies. To produce trusted and safe new treatments using MSCs, it is essential for the International Society for Cellular Therapies to re-establish common ground in the identity, mechanism of action, and isolation techniques of these cells.

关键词： Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Osteoarthritis Non-Unions

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Simulation-Based and Risk-Informed Assessment of the Effectiveness of Tsunami Evacuation Routes Using Agent-Based Modeling:A Case Study of Seaside,Oregon

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第1期13卷 66-86页

作者： Zhenqiang Wang Gaofeng Jia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

Typically,tsunami evacuation routes are marked using signs in the transportation network and the evacuation map is made to educate people on how to follow the evacuation ***,tsunami evacuation routes are usually identified without the support of evacuation simulation,and the route effectiveness in the reduction of evacuation risk is typically unknown *** study proposes a simulation-based and risk-informed framework for quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of evacuation routes in reducing evacuation *** agentbased model is used to simulate the tsunami evacuation,which is then used in a simulation-based risk assessment framework to evaluate the evacuation *** route effectiveness in reducing the evacuation risk is evaluated by investigating how the evacuation risk varies with the proportion of the evacuees that use the evacuation *** impacts of critical risk factors such as evacuation mode(for example,on foot or by car)and population size and distribution on the route effectiveness are also *** evacuation risks under different cases are efficiently calculated using the augmented sample-based *** proposed approach is applied to the riskinformed evaluation of the route effectiveness for tsunami evacuation in Seaside,*** evaluation results show that the route usage is overall effective in reducing the evacuation risk in the study *** results can be used for evacuation preparedness education and hence effective evacuation.

关键词： Agent-based model Risk-informed evaluation Route effectiveness Simulation-based framework Tsunami evacuation risk Tsunami preparedness education

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The W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary,Version 2:Rationale,Design Principles,and Uptake

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Data Intelligence 2024年第2期6卷 457-487页

作者： Riccardo Albertoni David Browning Simon Cox Alejandra N.Gonzalez-Beltran Andrea Perego Peter Winstanley Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche"Enrico Magenes" Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(IMATI-CNR)GenoaItaly Independent Consultant United Kingdom LandandWater CSiROMelbourneAustralia Scientific Computing Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryScience and Technology Facilities CouncilHarwell Cam-pusOx110QXUnited Kingdom European Parliament Luxembourg Semantic Arts Fort CollinsCO80524USA

DCAT is an RDF vocabulary designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the *** its first release in 2014 as a W3C Recommendation,DCAT has seen a wide adoption across communities and domains,particularly in conjunction with implementing the FAIR data principles(forfindable,accessible,interoperable and reusable data).These implementation experiences,besides demonstrating the fitness of DCAT to meet its intended purpose,helped identify existing issues and ***,over the last few years,additional requirements emerged in data catalogs,given the increasing practice of documenting not only datasets but also data services and *** paper illustrates the new version of DCAT,explaining the rationale behind its main revisions and extensions,based on the collected use cases and requirements,and outlines the issues yet to be addressed in future versions of DCAT.

关键词： Data Catalogs Interoperability Discoverability FAIR data

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Distribution and dynamics of niche and interspecific association of dominant phytoplankton species in the Feiyun River basin,Zhejiang,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第4期42卷 1157-1172页

作者： Shengnan ZHU Zengchuan DONG Guobin FU Shujun WU Jinyu MENG Weilin LIU Yupeng LIU Xun CUI Yuejiao ZHOU College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China CSIRO Environment Private Bag 5Wembley WA 6913Australia Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Indian River Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaFort Pierce 34945USA Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Water Environment Nanchang Institute of TechnologyNanchang 330099China

To investigate the dominant species and interspecific association in the phytoplankton community of the Feiyun River basin in Zhejiang Province,East China,the main stream and the Shanxi Zhaoshandu Reservoir in the downstream were chosen as the study area,for which 22 sampling sites were *** was conducted in September 2021,January,May,and July *** species were identified from both quantitative samples and in-vivo *** was quantified by direct *** show that there were 98 species belonging to 6 phyla and 78 *** addition,to clarify the niches of the dominant phytoplankton species and their interspecific association,the dominance index was calculated,and a comprehensive analysis was conducted including niche width,niche overlap value,ecological response rate,overall association,chi-square test,and the *** phytoplankton community exhibited characteristics of a Cyanobacteria-Chlorophyta-Diatom type community,showing higher diversity in spring and lower diversity in *** 11 dominants phytoplankton species from 3 phyla,both frequency and dominance degree varied seasonally,of which Microcystis *** the dominant species in Spring,Autumn,and *** niche widths of the dominant species ranged from 0.234 to 0.933,and were categorized into three *** niche overlap values of the 11 dominant species ranged from 0.359 to 0.959,exhibiting significant seasonal differences-highest in winter followed by autumn,spring,and summer in *** overall correlation among dominant species in all four seasons revealed a non-significant negative association,resulting in an unstable community structure.A significant portion(84.2%)of species pairs displayed positive associations,suggesting a successional pattern where Diatoms dominated while other dominant species shared resources and *** this pattern,stability measurements indicated that the dominant species community remained unstable.T

关键词： phytoplankton dominant species niche interspecific association Feiyun River basin

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CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABLEAGRICULTURE IN CHINA:THE HISTORY OF STATE POLICY GOALS,REFORM OPPORTUNITIES AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第4期10卷 518-529页

作者： Danmeng FENG KouRay MAO Yujie YANG Yu HU Research Center for Rural Economy Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100810China. Department of Sociology Colorado State University-Fort CollinsFort CollinsColoradoUSA.

This paper examines the historical evolution of crop-livestock integration in China with a specific focus on its role in mitigating non-point source *** examination of existing literature has unearthed the roots of croplivestock integration dating back to the Western Zhou Dynasty(1046 to 771BCE), ultimately culminating in a multifaceted and intricately interwoven system of rural development policies seen in contemporary China. This paper identifies and characterizes four distinct stages in the historical trajectory of crop-livestock integration: the era of self-sufficient subsistence production in traditional times(1046 BCE to 1948);the period where crop-livestock integration emerged as a pivotal strategy for augmenting grain and meat production under collectivist policies(1949-1977);the phase marked by the industrialization and expansion of the livestock sector during the early years of economic reforms(1978-2011);and the present era in which crop-livestock integration is harnessed as a mechanism for pollution control and ecological preservation in contemporary China(2012 to present). This paper illuminates the diverse contributions of crop-livestock integration in different epochs of rural development within China, which contributes to a nuanced and more theoretically grounded comprehension of circular agriculture. This understanding has the potential to be leveraged to promote sustainable rural development in broader contexts.

关键词： crop-livestock integration non-point source pollution control nutrient cycling policy intervention sustainable development

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Effective Utilization of Government-Provided CTI by Small Businesses within the Defense Industrial Base

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第2期15卷 196-217页

作者： Josiah Dykstra Lawrence A. Gordon Martin P. Loeb Benjamin Wall Lei Zhou National Security Agency Fort Meade MD USA Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland College Park MD USA

There are two broad objectives of the research reported in this paper. First, we assess whether government-provided cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is helpful in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks among small businesses within the U.S. Defense Industrial Base (DIB). Second, we identify ways of improving the effectiveness of government-provided CTI to small businesses within the DIB. Based on a questionnaire-based survey, our findings suggest that government-provided CTI helps businesses within the DIB in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks providing a firm is familiar with the CTI. Unfortunately, a large percentage of small firms are not familiar with the government-provided CTI feeds and consequently are not utilizing the CTI. This latter situation is largely due to financial constraints confronting small businesses that prevent firms from having the wherewithal necessary to effectively utilize the government-provided CTI. However, we found a significant positive association between a firm’s familiarity with the government-provided CTI and whether a firm is being periodically reviewed by the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) or is compliant with the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) program. The findings from our study also show that the participating firms believe that external cyber threats are more likely to be the cause of a future cybersecurity breach than internal cybersecurity threats. Finally, our study found that the portion of the IT budget that small businesses within the DIB spend on cybersecurity-related activities is dependent on the perception that a firm would be the target of an external cyber-attack.

关键词： Government-Provided CTI Small Businesses Defense Industrial Base

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Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-property correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical applications

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee Sharma Priyadarshini Tram Nguyen Ryan McGovern Andrew Kim Adam J.Griebel Paulette Clancy Timothy P.Weihs Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Development Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical ***,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal *** Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical properties Rapid characterization

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