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Important step towards an understanding of the exotic Z（3900）

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年

作者： C. Hanhart Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Ju¨lich

The Standard Model of particle physics, which contains the field theories for the electro-weak interaction (QeD) and the strong interaction (QCD), is an extremely successful theory describing a huge variety of phenomena at the atomic and subatomic level with incredible accuracy. However, the inner workings of the strong interaction for systems characterised by small momentum transfers (of the order ofΛQCDor smaller) are still not fully understood.

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Important step towards an understanding of the exotic Zc（3900）

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 203-204页

作者： C.Hanhart Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich

The Standard Model of particle physics, which contains the field theories for the electro-weak interaction(QeD) and the strong interaction(QCD), is an extremely successful theory describing a huge variety of phenomena at the atomic and subatomic level with incredible accuracy. However, the inner workings of the strong interaction for systems characterised by small momentum transfers(of the order of ΛQCDor smaller) are still not fully understood.

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Impact of T_(i)/T_(e )ratio on ion transport based on eAST H-mode plasmas

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 68-78页

作者：刘建文臧庆梁云峰陈佳乐邬潇河 Alexander KNIePS 扈嘉辉金仡飞张斌储宇奇刘海庆吕波段艳敏李妙辉陈颖杰龚先祖 the eAST Team Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Jülich 52425Germany

At the eAST tokamak, the ion temperature(T_(i)) is observed to be clamped around 1.25 keV in electron cyclotron resonance(eCR)-heated plasmas, even at core electron temperatures up to 10 keV(depending on the eCR heating power and the plasma density). This clamping results from the lack of direct ion heating and high levels of turbulence-driven transport. Turbulent transport analysis shows that trapped electron mode and electron temperature gradient-driven modes are the most unstable modes in the core of eCR-heated H-mode plasmas. Nevertheless, recently it was found that the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio can increase further with the fraction of the neutral beam injection(NBI) power, which leads to a higher core ion temperature(Ti0). In NBI heating-dominant H-mode plasmas, the ion temperature gradient-driven modes become the most unstable ***, a strong and broad internal transport barrier(ITB) can form at the plasma core in high-power NBI-heated H-mode plasmas when the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio approaches ~1, which results in steep core Teand Tiprofiles, as well as a peaked neprofile. Power balance analysis shows a weaker Teprofile stiffness after the formation of ITBs in the core plasma region, where Ticlamping is broken,and the core Tican increase further above 2 keV, which is 80% higher than the value of Ticlamping in eCR-heated plasmas. This finding proposes a possible solution to the problem of Ticlamping on eAST and demonstrates an advanced operational regime with the formation of a strong and broad ITB for future fusion plasmas dominated by electron heating.

关键词： ion temperature clamping transport neutral beam injection stiffness internal transport barrier

Aerosol deposition technology and its applications in batteries

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第1期6卷 24-37页

作者： Xinyu Wang Ramon Alberto Paredes Camacho Xiaoyu Xu Yumei Wang Yi Qiang Hans Kungl Ruediger-Aeichel Yunfeng Zhang Li Lu National University of Singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing401123PR China National University of Singapore Singapore117576 Fundamental electrochemistry(IeK-9) Institute of Energy and Climate ResearchForschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany

Aerosol deposition(AD)method is a kind of additive manufacturing technology for fabricating dense films such as metals and ceramics at room *** resolves the challenge of integrating ceramic films onto temperaturesensitive substrates,including metals,glasses,and *** should be emphasized that the AD is a spray coating technology that uses powder without thermal assistance to generate films with high *** to the traditional sputter-based approach,the AD shows several advantages in efficiency,convenience,better interfacial bonding and so ***,it opens some possibilities to the field of batteries,especially all-solidstate batteries(ASSBs)and draws much attention not only for research but also for large scale *** purpose of this work is to provide a critical review on the science and technology of AD as well as its applications in the field of *** process,mechanism and effective parameters of AD,and recent developments in AD applications in the field of batteries will be systematically reviewed so that a trend for AD will be finally provided.

关键词： Aerosol deposition Room temperature impact consolidation Ceramic film All-solid-state battery Spray coating technology

Improved training framework in a neural network model for disruption prediction and its application on eXL-50

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 29-39页

作者：蔡剑青梁云峰 Alexander KNIePS 齐东凯王二辉向皓明廖亮黄杰阳杰黄佳刘建文 Philipp DReWS 徐帅顾翔高轶琛罗宇李直 the eXL-50 Team Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Cluster(TEC)Jülich 52425Germany eNN Science and Technology Development Co. LtdLangfang 065001People’s Republic of China

A neural network model with a classical annotation method has been used on the eXL-50tokamak to predict impending ***,the results revealed issues of overfitting and overconfidence in predictions caused by inaccurate *** mitigate these issues,an improved training framework has been *** this approach,soft labels from previous training serve as teachers to supervise the further learning process;this has lead to a significant improvement in predictive model ***,this enhancement is primarily attributed to the coupling effect of the soft labels and correction *** improved training framework introduces an instance-specific label smoothing method,which reflects a more nuanced model assessment on the likelihood of a *** presents a possible solution to effectively address the challenges associated with accurate labeling across different machines.

关键词： neural network disruption soft label eXL-50 tokamak

Characteristics of the SOL ion-to-electron temperature ratio on the J-TeXT tokamak with different plasma configurations

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 13-21页

作者：李存凯梁云峰江中和周松华建坤阳杰杨庆虎 Alexander KNIePS Philipp DReWS 徐鑫毛飞越谢伟杨雨桐郭金龙李杨波任正康陈志鹏王能超 the J-TeXT Team International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung—PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Julich 52425Germany 不详

Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion *** the J-TeXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma parameters in the edge region under various poloidal divertor and island divertor *** edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has been determined,which gradually decreases as the SOL ion self-collisionality,v_(SOL)*,*** is broadly consistent with what has been observed previously from various tokamak ***,the comparison of experimental results under different configurations shows that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the same v_(SOL)*,τ_(i/e) in the SOL region becomes smaller as the distance from the X-point to the target plate *** the island divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is higher than that near the X-point at the same v_(SOL)*,and both are higher than those in the limiter *** results suggest that the magnetic configuration plays a critical role in the energy distributions between electrons and ions at the plasma boundary.

关键词： ion temperature island divertor poloidal divertor retarding field analyzer(RFA)probe

Possible role of power-to-heat and power-to-gas as flexibleloads in German medium voltage networks

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Frontiers in energy 2017年第2期11卷 135-145页

作者： Mark KUPRAT Martin BeNDIG Klaus PFeIFFeR forschungszentrum 3e LS EVH Siemens-Halske-Ring 13 03046Cottbus Germany

Germany’s energy transition triggered a rapid and unilateral growth of renewable energy sources (ReS) in the electricity sector. With increasing shares of intermittent ReS, overcapacities during periods of strong wind and photovoltaic electricity generation occur. In the face of insufficient transmission capacities, due to an inhibited network extension, the electricity generation has to be curtailed. This curtailment of ReS leads to economic losses and could be avoided through flexible loads. As an option to cope with those problems, the technologies of power-to-gas (PtG) and power-to-heat (PtH) are presented in this paper. First, the alkaline electrolyzer (AeL), polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer (PeMeL), and solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOeC) are investigated regarding their operational parameters. Second, the electric boiler, electrode heating boiler, and heat pumps are considered. Ultimately, the network-supporting abilities and the potential to provide ancillary services, such as control power, load sequence operation, cold start and part load capability, are compared among one another.

关键词： power-to-gas power-to-heat flexible loads ancillary services coherent energy systems

3D U-Net Segmentation Improves Root System Reconstruction from 3D MRI Images in Automated and Manual Virtual Reality Work Flows

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 598-611页

作者： Tobias Selzner Jannis Horn Magdalena Landl Andreas Pohlmeier Dirk Helmrich Katrin Huber Jan Vanderborght Harry Vereecken Sven Behnke Andrea Schnepf forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH Agrosphere(IBG-3)JuelichGermany Autonomous Intelligence Systems Group University of BonnBonnGermany forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH Juelich Supercomputing CenterJuelichGermany

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is used to image root systems grown in opaque ***,reconstruction of root system architecture(RSA)from 3-dimensional(3D)MRI images is *** resolution and poor contrast-to-noise ratios(CNRs)hinder automated ***,manual reconstruction is still widely ***,we evaluate a novel 2-step work flow for automated RSA *** the first step,a 3D U-Net segments MRI images into root and soil in *** the second step,an automated tracing algorithm reconstructs the root systems from the segmented *** evaluated the merits of both steps for an MRI dataset of 8 lupine root systems,by comparing the automated reconstructions to manual reconstructions of unaltered and segmented MRI images derived with a novel virtual reality *** found that the U-Net segmentation offers profound benefits in manual reconstruction:reconstruction speed was doubled(+97%)for images with low CNR and increased by 27%for images with high *** root lengths were increased by 20%and 3%,***,we propose to use U-Net segmentation as a principal image preprocessing step in manual work *** root length derived by the tracing algorithm was lower than in both manual reconstruction methods,but segmentation allowed automated processing of otherwise not readily usable MRI ***,model-based functional root traits revealed similar hydraulic behavior of automated and manual *** studies will aim to establish a hybrid work flow that utilizes automated reconstructions as scaffolds that can be manually corrected.

关键词： Root utilize otherwise

The difference of the ionomer–catalyst interfaces for poly(aryl piperidinium)hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells and proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6102-6110页

作者： Xuerui Liu Xingdong Wang Chanyu Zhang Yun Cai Bowen Chen Dongyue Xin Xiaoxiao Jin Wei Zhu Klaus Wippermann Hui Li Ruiyu Li Zhongbin Zhuang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Research Institute of Petroleum Processing SINOPECBeijing 100083China DeepHytec Co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518118China Institute of energy and Climate Research(IeK-14) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich 52425Germany Beijing Key Laboratory of energy environmental Catalysis Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

The microstructures of the ionomer–catalyst interfaces in the catalyst layers are important for the fuel cell performance because they determine the distribution of the active triple-phase ***,we investigate the ionomer–catalyst interactions in hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells(HeMFCs)using poly(aryl piperidinium)and compare them with proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PeMFCs).It is found that different catalyst layer microstructures are between the two types of fuel *** ionomer/carbon(I/C)ratio does not have a remarkable impact on the HeMFC performance,while it has a strong impact on the PeMFC performance,indicating the weaker interaction between the HeMFC ionomer and *** dynamics simulations demonstrate that the HeMFC ionomer tends to distribute on the carbon support,unlike the PeMFC ionomer,which heavily covers the Pt *** results suggest that the poisoning effect of the ionomer on the catalyst is much weaker in HeMFCs,and the improved ionomer/catalyst interaction is beneficial for the HeMFC performances.

关键词： hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells catalysts ionomer oxygen reduction reaction interfaces