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The size distribution of airborne bacteria and human pathogenic bacteria in a commercial composting plant

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 87-96页

作者： Min Gao Ziye Yang Yajie Guo Mo Chen Tianlei Qiu Xingbin Sun Xuming Wang Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and biotechnology Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China College of forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China

Composting plants are regarded as one of the important sources of environmental ***,limitations in the size distribution of airborne bacteria have prevented our comprehensive understanding of their risk to human health and their dispersal *** this study,different sizes of airborne bacteria were collected using an eight-stage impactor from a full-scale composting ***-related abundance and communities of airborne bacteria as well as human pathogenic bacteria(HPB)were investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing coupled with droplet digital *** results indicate that the bacterial concentrations from the eight stages were approximately 10^(4)-105copies/m^(3).Although no statistical correlation was detected between the particle size and the Shannon index,the influence of size on bacterial lineages was observed in both composting and packaging *** airborne bacteria from different stages,the dominant phyla were Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,and Actinobacteria,and the dominant genera was *** out of eight HPB with a small geometric mean aerodynamic diameter had a high concentration in composting *** on diameters of 2.42 to 5.09μm,most HPB in the composting areas were expected to be deposited on the bronchus and secondary ***,in the packaging areas,the deposition of HPB(diameters 3.70 to 8.96μm)occurred in the upper part of the respiratory *** results on the size distribution,abundance,and diversity of these bacteria offer important information for the systematic evaluation of bacterial pathogenicity and the potential health impacts on workers in composting plants and the surrounding residents.

关键词： Size distribution Airborne bacteria Biological diversity Human pathogenic bacteria Composting plants

Transgene inheritance and quality improvement by expressing novel HMW glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) genes in winter wheat

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第8期48卷 771-776页

作者： ZHANG Xiaodong, LIANG Rongqi, CHEN Xqing, YANG Fengping & ZHANG Liquan Beijing Agro-biotechnology research center, Beijing Academy of Ag-ricultural & forestry Science, Beijing 100089, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zhang Xiaodong (e-mail: zhangxd@***) Beijing Agro-biotechnology research center Beijing Academy of Agricultural & Forestry Science China

The expression vector pBPC30, which carries the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 genes, was transferred into hexaploid winter wheat cv. Jinghua No. 1, Jing411 and Jingdong No. 6 ex-plants of immature embryos and immature inflorescence by particle bombardment. A large number of resistant trans-genic plants were obtained under the selection of herbicide bialaphos or phosphinothricin (PPT). Confirmed transgenic plants of T0 generation showed successful integration of HMW-GS genes and bar gene into the wheat genome. T1 generation of transgenic plants can resist 20150 mg/L PPT. Protein analysis of T2 seed by SDS-PAGE showed that HMW-GS 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 genes were well expressed in offspring seed of transgenic lines by co-expression with or substitution of endogenous 1Dx2 or 1Dy10. In one transgenic line, TG3-74, a new protein band between endogenous pro-tein subunits 7 and 8 (marked as 8*) of glutenin appeared, but endogenous subunit 8 (encoded by 1By8 gene) was ab-sent. Analysis of gluten rheological quality on seed proteins of 102 T3 plants showed that the sedimentation value of 5 transgenic lines (44.249.0 mL) was remarkably improved, 59.6%64.3% higher than that of wild type Jinghua No. 1 and Jingdong No. 6, similar to bread wheat Cheyenne (48.0 mL). Analysis of dough rheological properties of transgenic lines showed that the dough stable time of 5 transgenic lines range from 16 to 30 min, whereas the dough stable time of wild type was only between 37 min. Our research suggests that introducing novel HMW-GS genes into wheat is an effi-cient way to improve its bread-making quality.

关键词：转基因技术麦谷蛋白冬小麦基因表达

Effect of land-use changes on chemical and physical properties of soil in western Iran(Zagros oak forests)

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Journal of forestry research 2020年第2期31卷 637-647页

作者： Kyumars Mohmmadi Samani Narges Pordel Vahid Hosseini Zahed Shakeri Department of forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of KurdistanSanandajIran center for research and development of Northern Zagros forestry BanehIran

The consequence of land-use change from forest to agriculture and other uses has become one of the world’s greatest *** soil,one of the most important components of forests and containing all the required plant nutrients as soluble ions,is highly impacted by these *** vast areas of the Zagros forests in western Iran have changed in use during the last few decades,the present study investigated the effects of landuse changes of forest area to agriculture,orchard,and agroforestry on soil chemical and physical *** was sampled at four land-use areas:less-disturbed forest areas(control)and agricultural,orchard,and agroforestry *** each of the two forest-use areas(agroforestry and orchard),we selected five trees with similar-sized crowns and sampled under each tree crown at 0-15 and>15-30 cm *** soil samples also were taken in agriculture area at each *** findings indicated that during land-use changes,soil sand particles decreased,and clay and silt particles of soil increased,resulting in a fine soil ***,the amount of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),organic carbon(OC),and electrical conductivity(EC)of soil decreased at both depths due to the decrease in organic *** pH and magnesium(Mg)level rose during land-use change at both depths except at agricultural *** potassium(K)content decreased during agricultural use due to the elimination of tree *** level of K decreased only at the depth of 0-15 cm because of K dependency on parent ***,most soil nutrients were affected by plant removal in the *** and agricultural soil are distinguishable by their properties,while land-uses such as agroforestry-orchard separated from the *** nutrients were severely affected by the decrease and elimination of tree cover,plowing,and continuous harvesting,resulting in a decline in soil quality and fertility.

关键词： Chemical soil properties Land-use change Agroforestry Agriculture Zagros Oak forest

Design of ionic liquids as liquid desiccant for an air conditioning system

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Green Energy & Environment 2019年第2期4卷 139-145页

作者： Haruki Watanabe Takuro Komura Ryo Matsumoto Kenta Ito Hiroshi Nakayama Toshiki Nokami Toshiyuki Itoh Department of Chemistry and biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University Chubu Electric Power Company Inc. Research and Development Division Energy Application Research and Development Center center for research on Green Sustainable Chemistry Tottori University

Suitable control of the humidity can contribute to electric energy savings. However, the present dehumidification system has many weak points. The liquid desiccant air-conditioning system has recently gained growing interest from the stand point of reducing energy consumption during dehumidification. In order to find the appropriate ionic liquids(ILs) as a desiccant for the liquid desiccant air-conditioner system, we conducted a systematic evaluation of the humidification capability of 16 types of ILs. Among the tested ILs, tributyl(methyl)phosphonium dimethyl phosphate([P4441][DMPO_4]) exhibited the best dehumidification capacity and had a less corrosive effect on four types of metals as possible piping materials. It should be noted that this [P_(4441)][DMPO_4] has a very stable nature and produced no odor while conducting the experiment and storing for over 1 year at room temperature under ambient conditions. Furthermore, it was revealed that a 77%(w/w) aqueous solution of [P4441][DMPO_4] worked as an efficient desiccant liquid for the liquid desiccant air-conditioner system.

关键词： Dehumidification Liquid desiccant Ionic liquids Air-conditioner system Phosphonium ILs

SSR Analysis of Genetic Relationship and Classification in Chrysanthemum Germplasm Collection

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2018年第2期4卷 73-82页

作者： LUO Chang CHEN Dongliang CHENG Xi LIU Hua LI Yahui HUANG Conglin Beijing Agro-biotechnology research center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology

To further test the accuracy and rationality of the Chinese classification system for chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium), 10 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers were used to identify a collection of 88 chrysanthemum and its related genera accessions. In total, 42 effective alleles across 88 accessions were detected; 3 429 bands were obtained by PCR amplification, including 2 630 polymorphic bands. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.53 to 0.88. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA illustrated that the wild species and large-flower cultivars were first divided into two clusters, then the large-flower cultivars formed five distinct groups according to petal type, indicated that petal type can be a classification criterion. In the wild species cluster, C. vestitum and C. zawadaskii grouped with A. trilobata, suggested that the Ajania genera was closely related to the Chrysanthemum genera. ‘Hangbaiju’, ‘Gongju’ and ‘Chuju’ were grouped together, and ‘Boju’, O. longilobus and C. mongolicum constituted another branch, showed a correlation with geographic region of origin. Population structure analysis was subsequently performed with K values ranging from 2 to 10, and the most likely estimate for the population structure is five subpopulations, which is nearly consistent with the clustering results. Principle component analysis was further performed to verify the classification results. The results showed that these SSR markers are very powerful for studying genetic relationships and will be useful tools in the identification and classification of chrysanthemum.

关键词： chrysanthemum SSR polymorphism genetic relationship classification

Rheological properties in supernatant of peach gum from almond(Prunus dulcis)

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Journal of Central South University 2008年第S1期15卷 509-515页

作者：王森谢碧霞钟秋平杜红岩 School of Resources and Environment Central South University of Forestry and Technology Economic Forest research and development center CAF

The rheological properties in the supernatant of peach gum from Prunnus dulcis were discussed in order to provide more scientific technical parameters and references for developing peach gum as a kind of medicinal *** rheological properties in the supernatant of peach gum were comparatively studied in different material ratios,temperatures,shaking times,pH values and *** results show that,1) the mathematical model of shear rate with material ratio and shear stress is Y=0.069X12+0.035X2 -1.174,R2=0.942;2) the mathematical model of shear rate with temperature and shear stress is Y=4.936X12+0.023 2X2-1.688,R2=0.937;3) the mathematical model of shear rate with shaking time and shear stress is Y=0.005 192 X13-0.140 73X12+1.249 045X1+ 0.036 546 X2-3.644 29,R2=0.954 3;4) the effects of pH value on the rheological properties in the supernatant of peach gum are comparatively complicated with a varying range of 3-11 and the shear rate shows a change trend of saddle model;5) the mathematical model of shear rate with the concentration of NaCl and shear stress is Y=-0.037 44X1+0.012 93 X2,R2=0.998;6) the mathematical model of shear rate with the concentration of CaCl2 and shear stress is Y=0.025 789X1+0.016 19X2,R2 =0.999;and 7) the mathematical model of shear rate with the concentration of sorbic acid potassium and shear stress is Y=0.079 5X1+0.017 3X2,R2=*** results show that the material ratio,temperature,shaking time,pH value significantly affect the rheological properties in the supernatant of peach gum,and the concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2 also significantly affect the rheological properties expect the concentration of sorbic acid potassium.

关键词： peach gum supernatant rheological property

Amino acid profiles and protein quality of Siberian apricot(Prunus sibirica L.)kernels from Inner Mongolia

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Journal of forestry research 2020年第4期31卷 1391-1397页

作者： Mingyu Yin Tana Wuyun Zhongmao Jiang Jie Zeng State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Nontimber Forestry Research and Development CenterPaulownia Research and Development Center of ChinaState Forestry AdministrationKey Laboratory of Non-timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of State Forestry AdministrationChinese Academy of ForestryZhengzhou 450003HenanPeople’s Republic of China research Institute of Tropical forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryGuangzhou 510520GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China

Siberian apricot(Prunus sibirica L.)is a traditional nut tree species in East Asia and Siberia and is a possible contribution to healthy ***,it has attracted little research attention and information on the nutritional value of its kernel is *** this study,the profile,nutritional value and variation of amino acids were investigated in eight *** kernels contained29×10-2 g/g protein and were rich in glutamic acid(26.5%),aspartic acid(11.3%)and arginine(10.1%).They showed higher essential amino acids(EAA)than similar protein values for *** variation coefficients of amino acids ranged from 3.8 to 43.7%,and the levels of seven amino acids were significantly different among the eight *** proportion of essential amino acids to total amino acids and amino acid score were also quite *** was negatively correlated with some amino acids and protein quality *** conclusion,there were two superior provenances(Wanjiagou and Horinger County)with high EAA contents and protein quality,and could be used in the large-scale development of this species.

关键词： Prunus sibirica L. Amino acids Nutritional value Diversity

Phylogenetic relationships among five species of Armeniaca Scop. (Rosaceae) using microsatellites (SSRs) and capillary electrophoresis

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Journal of forestry research 2016年第5期27卷 1077-1083页

作者： Dali Fu Lüyi Ma Yue Qin Mengpei Liu Han Zhao Gaopu Zhu Hao Fu College of forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083 China Non-timber forestry research and development center Chinese Academy of Forestry Zhengzhou 450003 China College of forestry Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 China

The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six important dry fruits （kernel-using apricot）, is cultivated for its edible seeds in North China. In the present study, DNA from 70 individuals of A rmeniaca, including 38 of A. cathayana, 18 ofA. vulgaris, 12 ofA. sibirica, 1 ofA. dasycarpa and 1 of A. mume, was extracted and analyzed using microsatellites and capillary electrophoresis. For 20 polymorphic loci selected, 339 alleles and 140.7 effective alleles were detected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 28, with an average of 16.95 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity （Ho） and the expected heterozygosity （He） ranged from 0.427 to 0.971 and from 0.737 to 0.912, respectively. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.708 to0.905, with an average of 0.827. Based on the genetic similarity among 70 individuals, a UPGMA was used to establish the phylogenetic relationships. The taxonomic positions among five species were clearly revealed, and A. cathayana was more closely related to A. vulgaris than to A. sibirica. The results will provide a scientific basis for research on the taxonomy, germplasm resources and breeding ofArmeniaca, especially for A. cathayana.

关键词： Armeniaca Scop. - Armeniaca cathayana Microsatellite Capillary electrophoresis Phylogenetic relationship Polymorphism Simple sequence repeat

Antioxidative capacity and enzyme activity in Haematococcus pluvialis cells exposed to superoxide free radicals

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2010年第1期28卷 1-9页

作者：刘建国张晓丽孙延红林伟 research and development center of Marine biotechnology Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The antioxidative capacity of astaxanthin and enzyme activity of reactive oxygen eliminating enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),peroxidase (POD),catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were studied in three cell types of Haematococcus pluvialis exposed to high concentrations of a superoxide anion radical (O2ˉ).The results show that defensive enzymes and astaxanthin-related mechanisms were both active in *** during exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as Oˉ*** reacted with ROS much faster than did the protective enzymes,and had the strongest antioxidative capacity to protect against lipid *** defensive mechanisms varied significantly between the three cell types and were related to the level of astaxanthin that had accumulated in those ***-enriched red cells had the strongest antioxidative capacity,followed by brown cells,and astaxanthin-deficient green *** there was no significant increase in expression of protective enzymes,the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in red cells was sustained at a low level because of the antioxidative effect of astaxanthin,which quenched Oˉ2 before the protective enzymes could *** green cells,astaxanthin is very low or absent;therefore,scavenging of ROS is inevitably reliant on antioxidative ***,in green cells,these enzymes play the leading role in scavenging ROS,and the expression of these enzymes is rapidly increased to reduce excessive ***,because ROS were constantly increased in this study,the enhance enzyme activity in the green cells was not able to repair the ROS damage,leading to elevated MDA *** the four defensive enzymes measured in astaxanthin-deficient green cells,SOD eliminates Oˉ2,POD eliminates H2O2,which is a by-product of SOD activity,and APX and CAT are then initiated to scavenge excessive ROS.

关键词： astaxanthin Haematococcus pluvialis lipid peroxidation reactive oxygen species (ROS)