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Putting health workers at the centre of health system investments in COVID-19 and beyond

Family Medicine and Community Health 2022年第2期10卷 52-58页

作者： Rachel Deussom Arush Lal Diana Frymus Kimberly Cole Mary Ruth S Politico Kelly Saldaña Vamsi Vasireddy Glenda Khangamwa Wanda Jaskiewicz Global Health division Chemonics InternationalWashingtonDCUSA ACT-Accelerator Health Systems Connector CSO Platform WashingtonDCUSA Department of Health Policy London School of EconomicsLondonUK Office of HIV/AIDS US Agency for International DevelopmentWashingtonDCUSA US Agency for International Development LilongweMalawi Republic of the Philippines Department of Health ManilaPhilippines Office of Health Systems US Agency for International DevelopmentWashingtonDCUSA United States Department of Defense KampalaUganda Civil service commission LilongweMalawi

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the implications of chronic underinvestment in health workforce development,particularly in resource-constrained health *** health workforce diversity,insufficient training and remuneration,and limited support and protection reduce health system capacity to equitably maintain health service delivery while meeting urgent health emergency *** the Health Worker Life Cycle Approach provides a useful conceptual framework that adapts a health labour market approach to outline key areas and recommendations for health workforce investment-building,managing and optimising-to systematically meet the needs of health workers and the systems they *** also emphasises the importance of protecting the workforce as a cross-cutting investment,which is especially important in a health crisis like *** the global pandemic has spurred intermittent health workforce investments required to immediately respond to COVID-19,applying this‘lifecycle approach’to guide policy implementation and financing interventions is critical to centering health workers as stewards of health systems,thus strengthening resilience to public health threats,sustainably responding to community needs and providing more equitable,patient-centred care.

关键词： centre workers system

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Blocking the PD-1 signal transduction by occupying the phosphorylated ITSM recognition site of SHP-2

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Wenjie Li Wenyi Mei Hewei Jiang Jie Wang Xiaoli Li Lina Quan Yanyan Diao Yanni Ma Sisi Fan Zhuwei Xie Mengdie Gong Huan Zhu Dewen Bi Feng Zhang Lei Ma Jian Zhang Yufeng Gao Aris Paschalidis Honghuang Lin Fangfang Liu Kangdong Liu Mingliang Ye Zhenjiang Zhao Yajun Duan Zhuo Chen Yufang Xu Weilie Xiao Shengce Tao Lili Zhu Honglin Li Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery East China Normal University Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design School of PharmacyEast China University of Science&Technology Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Jiao Tong University Lingang Laboratory Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of EducationYunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction LaboratoryYunnan Provincial Center for Research&Development of Natural ProductsState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanSchool of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and TechnologyYunnan University CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry National Chromatographic R&A CenterDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of China Department of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesAcademy of Medical ScienceCollege of MedicineZhengzhou University

Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis with small-molecular inhibitors is a promising approach for immunotherapy. Here, we identify a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, Pygenic Acid A(PA), as a PD-1 signaling inhibitor. PA exerts anti-tumor activity in hPD-1 knock-in C57BL/6 mice and enhances effector functions of T cells to promote immune responses by disrupting the PD-1 signaling transduction. Furthermore, we identify SHP-2 as the direct molecular target of PA for inhibiting the PD-1 signaling transduction. Subsequently, mechanistic studies suggest that PA binds to a new druggable site in the phosphorylated PD-1 ITSM recognition site of SHP-2, inhibiting the recruitment of SHP-2 by PD-1. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PA has a potential application in cancer immunotherapy and occupying the phosphorylated ITSM recognition site of SHP-2 may serve as an alternative strategy to develop PD-1 signaling inhibitors. In addition, our success in target recognition provides a paradigm of target identification and confirmation for natural products.

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Regulation of gene expression in chickens by heat stress

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 438-450页

作者： Akshat Goel Chris Major Ncho Yang-Ho Choi Department of Animal Science Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea division of Applied Life Sciences(BK21 Plus Program) Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

High ambient temperatures are a critical challenge in the poultry industry which is a key producer of the animal-based *** evaluate heat stress levels,various parameters have been used,including growth rates,blood metabolites,and *** most recent advances have explored expression profiling of genes that may play vital roles under stress.A high ambient temperature adversely affects nutrient uptake and is known to modulate the expression of genes encoding for sodium-dependent glucose transporters,glucose transporters,excitatory amino acid transporters,and fatty acidbinding proteins which are responsible for the absorption of macronutrients in the *** defensive activities are stimulated to protect the cell of different tissues from the heat-generated stress,including expression of early stress response genes coding for heat shock protein(HSP),c-FOS like protein,brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),and neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS);antioxidant enzyme genes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NOX4);and immune-related genes such as cytokines and toll-like receptors(TLRs).The potential role of HSPs in protecting the cell from stress and their presence in several tissues make them suitable markers to be evaluated under heat *** and c-FOS genes expressed in the hypothalamus help cells to adapt to an adverse *** causes damage to the cell by generating reactive oxygen species(ROS).The NOX4 gene is the inducer of ROS under heat stress,which is in turns controlled by antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and *** are responsible for protecting against pathogenic attacks arising from enhanced membrane permeability,and cytokines help in controlling the pathogen and maintaining ***,the evaluation of nutrient transporters and defense mechanisms using the latest molecular biology tools has made it possible to shed light on the complex cellular mechan

关键词： Antioxidant Gene expression Heat stress Immunity Metabolism Nutrient transporter Poultry

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Community based interventions for the prevention and control of tuberculosis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 261-270页

作者： Ahmed Arshad Rehana A Salam Zohra S Lassi Jai K Das Imama Naqvi Zulfiqar A Bhutta division of Women and Child Health The Aga Khan University74800 KarachiPakistan Center of Excellence in Women&Child Health The Aga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan Center for Global Child Health Hospital for Sick Children TorontoCanada

In 2012,an estimated 8.6 million people developed tuberculosis(TB)and 1.3 million died from the *** its recent resurgence with the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV);TB prevention and management has become further *** systematically evaluated the effectiveness of community based interventions(CBI)for the prevention and treatment of TB and a total of 41 studies were identified for *** suggest that CBI for TB prevention and case detection showed significant increase in TB detection rates(RR:3.1,95%CI:2.92,3.28)with non-significant impact on TB *** for treating patients with active TB showed an overall improvement in treatment success rates(RR:1.09,95%CI:1.07,1.11)and evidence from a single study suggests significant reduction in relapse rate(RR:0.26,95%CI:0.18,0.39).The results were consistent for various study design and delivery *** synthesis suggests that community based TB treatment delivery through community health workers(CHW)not only improved access and service utilization but also contributed to capacity building and improving the routine TB recording and reporting *** coupled with the DOTS strategy seem to be an effective approach,however there is a need to evaluate various community-based integrated delivery models for relative effectiveness.

关键词： Community-based interventions Tuberculosis DOTS integrated delivery CHWs

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Improving ITS sequence data for identification of plant pathogenic fungi

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第4期67卷 11-19页

作者： R.Henrik Nilsson Kevin D.Hyde Julia Pawlowska Martin Ryberg Leho Tedersoo Anders Bjornsgard Aas Siti A.Alias Artur Alves Cajsa Lisa Anderson Alexandre Antonelli A.Elizabeth Arnold Barbara Bahnmann Mohammad Bahram Johan Bengtsson-Palme Anna Berlin Sara Branco Putarak Chomnunti Asha Dissanayake Rein Drenkhan Hanna Friberg Tobias Guldberg Froslev Bettina Halwachs Martin Hartmann Beatrice Henricot Ruvishika Jayawardena Ari Jumpponen Havard Kauserud Sonja Koskela Tomasz Kulik Kare Liimatainen Bjorn D.Lindahl Daniel Lindner Jian-Kui Liu Sajeewa Maharachchikumbura Dimuthu Manamgoda Svante Martinsson Maria Alice Neves Tuula Niskanen Stephan Nylinder Olinto Liparini Pereira Danilo Batista Pinho Teresita M.Porter Valentin Queloz Taavi Riit Marisol Sánchez-García Filipe de Sousa Emil Stefańczyk Mariusz Tadych Susumu Takamatsu Qing Tian Dhanushka Udayanga Martin Unterseher Zheng Wang Saowanee Wikee Jiye Yan Ellen Larsson Karl-Henrik Larsson Urmas Koljalg Kessy Abarenkov Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgBox 46140530 GothenburgSweden Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Plant Systematics and Geography Faculty of BiologyUniversity of WarsawAl.Ujazdowskie 400-478 WarsawPoland Department of Organismal Biology Uppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18D75236 UppsalaSweden Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of TartuLai 40Tartu 51005Estonia Microbial Evolution Research Group University of OsloBlindernveien 310371 OsloNorway Institute of Biological Sciences University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Biology CESAMUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal School of Plant Sciences The University of Arizona1140 E South Campus DriveForbes 303TucsonAZ 85721USA Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology Institute of Microbiology ASCRVídeňská108314220 Prague 4Czech Republic Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGuldhedsgatan 1041346 GoteborgSweden Department of forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 702675007 UppsalaSweden University of California at Berkeley 321 Koshland Hall University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720-3102USA Agriculture and forestry Sciences Beijing 100097China Institute of forestry and Rural Engineering Estonian University of Life SciencesKreutzwaldi551014 TartuEstonia Natural History Museum of Denmark Øster Voldgade 5-71350 København KDenmark Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics Graz University of Technology8010 GrazAustria Core Facility Bioinformatics Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology8010 GrazAustria forest Soils and Biogeochemistry Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLZuercherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Molecular Ecology Institute for Sustainability SciencesAgroscopeReckenholzstrasse 191

Plant pathogenic fungi are a large and diverse assemblage of eukaryotes with substantial impacts on natural ecosystems and human *** taxa often have complex and poorly understood life cycles,lack observable,discriminatory morphological characters,and may not be amenable to in vitro *** a result,species identification is frequently ***(DNA sequence)data have emerged as crucial information for the taxonomic identification of plant pathogenic fungi,with the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region being the most popular ***,international nucleotide sequence databases are accumulating numerous sequences of compromised or low-resolution taxonomic annotations and substandard technical quality,making their use in the molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi *** we report on a concerted effort to identify high-quality reference sequences for various plant pathogenic fungi and to re-annotate incorrectly or insufficiently annotated public ITS sequences from these fungal lineages.A third objective was to enrich the sequences with geographical and ecological *** results-a total of 31,954 changes-are incorporated in and made available through the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi(http://***),including standalone FASTA files of sequence data for local BLAST searches,use in the next-generation sequencing analysis platforms QIIME and mothur,and related *** present initiative is just a beginning to cover the wide spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi,and we invite all researchers with pertinent expertise to join the annotation effort.

关键词： Phytopathogenic fungi Molecular identification ITS Taxonomy Annotation

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Prediction of Driver Gene Matching in Lung Cancer NOG/PDX Models Based on Artificial Intelligence

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Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 102-114页

作者： Yayi He Haoyue Guo Li Diao Yu Chen Junjie Zhu Hiran C.Fernando Diego Gonzalez Rivas Hui Qi Chunlei Dai Xuzhen Tang Jun Zhu Jiawei Dai Kan He Dan Chan Yang Yang School of Medicin5 Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Medical Oncology Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Medicin5Tongji UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Automation School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineerin7Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Spine Center Orthopedic DepartmentShanghai Changzheng HospitalShanghai 200003China Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Medicin5Tongji UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Materials Science and Engineerin7 Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Department of Thoracic Surgery Allegheny General HospitalPittsburg8PA 15212USA Department of Thoracic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Unit(UCTMI) Coruna University HospitalCoruna 15006Spain Oncology and Immunology BU Research Service DivisionWuXi Appte3Shanghai 200131China SJTU–Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Scienc5 Department of Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China division of Medical Oncology Department of Medicin5University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuror1CO 80045USA

Patient-derived tumor xenografts(PDXs)are a powerful tool for drug discovery and screening in ***,current studies have led to little understanding of genotype mismatches in PDXs,leading to massive economic ***,we established PDX models from 53 lung cancer patients with a genotype matching rate of 79.2%(42/53).Furthermore,17 clinicopathological features were examined and input in stepwise logistic regression(LR)models based on the lowest Akaike information criterion(AIC),least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)-LR,support vector machine(SVM)recursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),gradient boosting and categorical features(Cat Boost),and the synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE).Finally,the performance of all models was evaluated by the accuracy,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),and F1 score in 100 testing *** multivariable LR models revealed that age,number of driver gene mutations,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)gene mutations,type of prior chemotherapy,prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)therapy,and the source of the sample were powerful ***,Cat Boost(mean accuracy=0.960;mean AUC=0.939;mean F1 score=0.908)and the eight-feature SVM-RFE(mean accuracy=0.950;mean AUC=0.934;mean F1 score=0.903)showed the best performance among the ***,application of the SMOTE improved the predictive capability of most models,except Cat *** on the SMOTE,the ensemble classifier of single models achieved the highest accuracy(mean=0.975),AUC(mean=0.949),and F1 score(mean=0.938).In conclusion,we established an optimal predictive model to screen lung cancer patients for non-obese diabetic(NOD)/Shi-scid,interleukin-2 receptor(IL-2R)γ^(null)(NOG)/PDX models and offer a general approach for building predictive models.

关键词： Machine learning Patient-derived tumor xenografts NOG mice

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Embryonic modulation through thermal manipulation and in ovo feeding to develop heat tolerance in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 150-159页

作者： Akshat Goel Chris Major Ncho Vaishali Gupta Yang-Ho Choi Department of Animal Science Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea division of Applied Life Sciences(BK21 Plus Program) Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea

Healthy chickens are necessary to meet the ever-increasing demand for poultry *** are subjected to numerous stressful conditions under commercial rearing systems,including variations in the envi-ronmental ***,it is difficult to counter the effects of global warming on the livestock *** environmental temperature is a stressful condition that has detrimental effects on growth and production performance,resulting in decreased feed intake,retarded growth,compromised gut health,enhanced oxidative stress,and altered immune *** approaches include nutritional modification and housing management to mitigate the harmful effects of hot ***,broiler chickens are more susceptible to heat stress(HS)than layer chickens because of their high muscle mass and metabolic *** this review,we explored the possibility of in ovo manipulation to combat HS in broiler *** their short lifespan from hatching to market age,embryonic life is thought to be one of the critical periods for achieving these *** embryos can be modulated through either temperature treatment or nourishment to improve thermal tolerance during the rearing *** first provided a brief overview of the harmful effects of HS on *** in-depth evaluation was then presented for in ovo feeding and thermal manipulation as emerging strategies to combat the negative effects of ***,we evaluated a combination of the two methods using the available *** together,these investigations suggest that embryonic manipulation has the po-tential to confer heat resistance in chickens.

关键词： Embryo Thermal manipulation In ovo feeding Heat stress Poultry

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Gene expression profiling of Puccinia striiformis *** during development reveals a highly dynamic transcriptome

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2011年第8期38卷 357-371页

作者： Xueling Huang Xianming Chen Tristan Coram Meinan Wang Zhensheng Kang State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-6430 USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Wheat Genetics Quality Physiology and Disease Research Unit Pullman WA 99164-6430 USA

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （PsO causes stripe rust, one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide, cDNA libraries had been constructed from urediniospores, germinated urediniospores and haustoria. However, little is known about the expression patterns of the genes related to the infection process and sporulation of the pathogen. In this study, a custom oligonucleotide microarray was constructed using sequences of 442 gene transcripts selected from Pst cDNA libraries. The expression patterns of the genes were determined by hybridizing the microarray with cDNA from Pst in vitro and Pst-infected wheat leaves. The time course study identified 55 transcripts that were differentially expressed during the infection process in a compatible interaction. They were identified to have functions related to the following biological processes, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, energy, cell signaling, protein synthesis, cell structure and division. In an incompatible interaction, 17 transcripts of the pathogen were differentially expressed in resistant wheat leaves inoculated with an avirulent Pst race, ten of which had similar expression patterns to those in the compatible interaction. Several candidates for pathogenicity and virulence/avirulence related genes were also identified. The results of quantitative real-time PCR validated the expression patterns of some selected genes. The study demonstrates that the custom oligonucleotide microarray technology is useful to determine the expression patterns of the pathogen genes involved in different types of the host--pathogen interactions and stages of development.

关键词： Puccinia striifonnis Stripe rust Yellow rust Expression profiling Microarray Wheat

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Responses of Dobera glabra and Eight Co-Occurring Species to Drought and Salinity Stress at a Savanna-Scrub Ecotone:Implications in the Face of Climate Change

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Open Journal of forestry 2014年第4期4卷 327-337页

作者： Aster Gebrekirstos Demel Teketay RMitlohner World Agroforestry Centre NairobiKenya Georg-August University of Gottingen Burckhardt-Institute of Tropical Silviculture and Forest EcologyGottingenGermany Department of Crop Science and Production Botswana College of AgricultureGaboroneBotswana

To quantify the resistance of different co-occurring species to drought and osmotic stress (salinity stress), plant water (Ψ) and osmotic (Ψp) potentials were measured during the dry season. We applied a pressure chamber and cryoscopy to measure Ψ and Ψp, respectively. The species revealed a wide range of responses to water stress (-0.83 to -5.8 MPa) and osmotic stress (-1.3 to -3.2 MPa) and not all plants fit closely into one or the other category. Evergreen species tended to have lower Ψ than deciduous species. Notably, Dobera glabra, well known as drought indicator tree in the region, showed the lowest Ψ (up to -5.8 MPa) and Ψp (-3.2 MPa). This indicates its outstanding drought and osmotic stress tolerance and explains its ability to thrive in drought prone areas and years. The recent expansion of A. oerfota and A. mellifera in the study area could be related to their tolerance of osmotic stress, which may imply a trend of soil salinization. The division of plant responses into categories or strategies can be valuable aid to understanding long-term plant survival and distribution, monitor site condition and predict the direction of future changes.

关键词： Drought Tolerance Reforestation Domestication Plant Water Relation Adaptation Acacia Woodlands Ethiopia Agroforestry

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Fungal Translocation Marker in People Living with HIV Needing Treatment for Onychomycosis: A Protocol for the Prospective Pilot Study

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2022年第2期2卷 122-124页

作者： Yaling Chen Jing Ouyang Stéphane Isnard Cecilia T.Costiniuk Jiangyu Yan Xin Zhou Jean-Pierre Routy Yaokai Chen Chongqing Public Health Medical Center Chongqing 400030China Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program Research InstituteMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada Chronic Viral Illness service McGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada division of Hematology McGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada

Increased microbial translocation and chronic immune activation are two critical problems for people living with HIV(PLWH)in the antiretroviral therapy(ART)*** with numerous studies on bacterial microbiomic communities,there are only a limited number of studies focusing on fungal microbiomic composition and products in *** study protocol is used to evaluate the changes in bacterial and fungal microbiome populations induced by terbinafine treatment,which is an antifungal agent widely used amongst ***-two PLWH on a stable ART regimen for more than six months,who require treatment for onychomycosis,will be *** participants will be followed-up for a 12-week treatment period(oral terbinafine 250mg daily)and another 12-weeks of terbinafine *** and fecal samples will be collected before and after terbinafine treatment,and for 12weeks after the discontinuation of *** gut injury and microbial translocation biomarker assays,in addition to testing for gut microbiome composition,will be *** this pilot study,we will perform formal sample size calculations and test study feasibility for a possible full-scale study.

关键词： HIV Fungal translocation Microbial translocation Onychomycosis Terbinafine

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