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Double-brooding and annual breeding success of great tits in urban and forest habitats

Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 517-525页

作者： Boglárka Bukor Gábor Seress Ivett Pipoly Krisztina Sándor Csenge Sinkovics ErnőVincze András Liker Behavioral ecology research group Center for Natural SciencesUniversity of PannoniaVeszprém H-8200Hungary MTA-PE Evolutionary ecology research group University of PannoniaVeszprém H-8200Hungary MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology research group BudapestHungary Department of Biology Theoretical Population Ecology and Evolution GroupLund UniversityLundSweden

Urban areas differ from natural habitats in several environmental features that influence the characteristics of animals living there.For example,birds often start breeding seasonally earlier and fledge fewer offspring per brood in cities than in natural habitats.However,longer breeding seasons in cities may increase the frequency of double-brooding in urban compared with nonurban populations,thus potentially increasing urban birds’annual reproductive output and resulting in lower habitat difference in reproductive success than estimated by studies focusing on first clutches only.In this study,we investigated 2 urban and 2 forests great tit Parus major populations from 2013 to 2019.We compared the probability of double-brooding and the total number of annually fledged chicks per female between urban and forest habitats,while controlling for the effects of potentially confounding variables.There was a trend for a higher probability of double-brooding in urban(44%of females)than in forest populations(36%),although this was not consistent between the 2 urban sites.Females produced significantly fewer fledglings annually in the cities than in the forest sites,and this difference was present both within single-and double-brooded females.Furthermore,double-brooded urban females produced a similar number of fledglings per season as single-brooded forest females.These results indicate that double-brooding increases the reproductive success of female great tits in both habitats,but urban females cannot effectively compensate in this way for their lower reproductive output per brood.However,other mechanisms like increased post-fledging survival can mitigate habitat differences in reproductive success.

关键词： annual reproductive success habitat differences population self-sustainability second brood urban conservation

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亚热带山地森林木质藤本和共生树木枝条和叶片性状的分化

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Journal of Plant ecology 2024年第1期17卷 17-32页

作者： Xiao-Long Bai Da Yang Jan Sher Yun-Bing Zhang Ke-Yan Zhang Qi Liu Han-Dong Wen Jiao-Lin Zhang Martijn Slot CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMengla 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China forest ecology and forest Management group Wageningen University and Research Centre6700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem research Station Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYuanjiang 653300China Smithsonian Tropical research Institute Apartado 0843-03092BalboaAnconRepublic of Panama

因缺少性状的比较,我们对亚热带山地森林木质藤本和树木的与生态适应策略有关的功能性状变异格局仍知之甚少。本文通过研究中国西南亚热带山地森林中不同叶片习性的33种植物(7种落叶和4种常绿木质藤本、10种落叶和12种常绿树木)的13个... 详细信息

因缺少性状的比较,我们对亚热带山地森林木质藤本和树木的与生态适应策略有关的功能性状变异格局仍知之甚少。本文通过研究中国西南亚热带山地森林中不同叶片习性的33种植物(7种落叶和4种常绿木质藤本、10种落叶和12种常绿树木)的13个性状的分化来填补此空白。研究结果表明,木质藤本的枝条木质部导管直径、理论导水率、比叶面积、叶片氮和磷含量显著高于树木,但其叶片干物质含量和氮磷比显著低于同域分布的树木,表明木质藤本采取获取的生态策略,具有更高效的枝条导水系统和生产力更强的叶片。与树木相比,木质藤本的导管直径变异更大,同时具有一些大导管和很多小导管,说明木质藤本具有较大的导管二型性。生长型解释了性状总变异的48.7%,叶片习性仅解释了3.8%的总变异,生长型和叶片习性之间没有显著的交互作用。此外,枝叶性状仅在树木中存在显著相关,木质藤本中不存在,表明亚热带木质藤本枝条的水力功能与叶片的性状是解耦的。上述结果表明,亚热带山地木质藤本和树木的枝条和叶片功能性状存在显著差异。加强对亚热带山地生态系统中木质藤本和树木生态策略差异机制的认识还需要深入研究。

关键词：功能性状叶片习性叶片形态木质藤本亚热带山地森林木质部解剖

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氮沉降对半干旱草原植物群落钙浓度的影响

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Journal of Plant ecology 2022年第2期15卷 286-293页

作者： Shuang-Li Hou Xiao-Tao Lü Jun-Jie Yang Erguna forest-Steppe Ecotone research Station CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ManagementInstitute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

钙(Ca)是植物生长所必需的营养物质,牧草中钙的含量对反刍动物的饲粮和健康具有重要意义。目前,关于氮沉降增加是否改变牧草的Ca浓度仍不是十分清楚。我们于2008–2015年在中国北方半干旱草原开展了氮沉降速率增加实验,测定了不同氮处... 详细信息

钙(Ca)是植物生长所必需的营养物质,牧草中钙的含量对反刍动物的饲粮和健康具有重要意义。目前,关于氮沉降增加是否改变牧草的Ca浓度仍不是十分清楚。我们于2008–2015年在中国北方半干旱草原开展了氮沉降速率增加实验,测定了不同氮处理下每个样方内所有植物的Ca浓度,并且根据各样方内每个物种的Ca浓度及其相对生物量,计算出功能群水平和群落水平的植物Ca浓度。研究结果表明,尽管物种水平和功能群水平的Ca浓度对氮沉降表现为负响应,但群落水平Ca浓度在整个氮添加速率梯度上保持稳定。由于杂类草Ca浓度显著高于禾草,杂类草相对生物量的增加抵消了物种水平和功能群水平Ca浓度对氮沉降的负响应。另外,群落Ca库对氮添加速率表现为正饱和响应,且阈值为10 g N m^(−2)yr^(−1)。本研究表明了氮沉降背景下植物相对生物量的变化对调控牧草Ca浓度和储量具有重要作用。

关键词：钙储量群落组成生态过程全球变化氮沉降温带草原

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Functional composition of tall-statured trees underpins aboveground biomass in tropical forests

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Journal of forestry research 2023年第2期34卷 333-344页

作者： Suwash Kunwar Li-Qiu Wang Maryam Kazempour Larsary Rajeev Chaudhary Puspa Raj Joshi Arshad Ali Department of forest Resources Management College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Forest Ecology Research Group College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaoding 071002HebeiPeople’s Republic of China Division forest Offi ce DadeldhuraMinistry of ForestDhangadhiSudurpashchim ProvinceNepal Department of forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Guilan43619-96196 SomehsaraIran Division forest Offi ce PahalmanpurMinistry of ForestDhangadhiSudurpashchim ProvinceNepal Institute of forestry Tribhuvan UniversityHetauda CampusHetauda 44107Nepal

The influences of trait diversity(i.e.,the niche complementarity effect)and functional composition(i.e.,the mass ratio effect)on aboveground biomass(AGB)is a highly debated topic in forest ecology.Therefore,further studies are needed to explore these mechanisms in unstudied forest ecosystems to enhance our understanding,and to provide guidelines for specific forest management.Here,we hypothesized that functional composition would drive AGB better than trait diversity and stem size inequality in the(sub-)tropical forests of Nepal.Using data from 101 forest plots,we tested 25 structural equation models(SEMs)to link elevation,stem DBH inequality,trait diversity(i.e.,trait richness,evenness,dispersion and divergence),functional composition[i.e.,community-weighted of maximum height mean(CWM of Hmax),specific leaf area(CWM of SLA),leaf dry matter content(CWM of LDMC),and wood density(CWM of WD)]and AGB.The best-fitted SEMs indicated that CWM of Hmax promoted AGB while overruling the impacts of trait diversity indices on AGB.However,low trait diversity indices were linked with higher AGB while overruling the effects of CWM of SLA,LDMC and WD on AGB.In addition,AGB decreased with increasing elevation,whereas stem size inequality did not influence AGB.Our results suggest that divergent species’functional strategies could shape AGB along an altitudinal gradient in tropical forests.We argue that forest management practices should include plant functional traits in the management plan for the co-benefits of biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration that underpins human wellbeing.

关键词： Functional traits Mass ratio Niche complementarity Niche overlap Topography

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Interpreting forest diversity-productivity relationships:volume values,disturbance histories and alternative inferences

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forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 64-75页

作者： Douglas Sheil Frans Bongers Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management(MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Box 50031432 AsNorway forest ecology and forest Management group Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 476700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands

Understanding the relationship between stand-level tree diversity and productivity has the potential to inform the science and management of forests.History shows that plant diversity-productivity relationships are challenging to interpret—and this remains true for the study of forests using non-experimental field data.Here we highlight pitfalls regarding the analyses and interpretation of such studies.We examine three themes:1)the nature and measurement of ecological productivity and related values;2)the role of stand history and disturbance in explaining forest characteristics;and 3)the interpretation of any relationship.We show that volume production and true productivity are distinct,and neither is a demonstrated proxy for economic values.Many stand characteristics,including diversity,volume growth and productivity,vary intrinsically with succession and stand history.We should be characterising these relationships rather than ignoring or eliminating them.Failure to do so may lead to misleading conclusions.To illustrate,we examine the study which prompted our concerns—Liang et al.(Science 354:aaf8957,2016)—which developed a sophisticated global analysis to infer a worldwide positive effect of biodiversity(tree species richness)on“forest productivity”(stand level wood volume production).Existing data should be able to address many of our concerns.Critical evaluations will improve understanding.

关键词： Causation Correlation Diversity Inference Productivity Richness Tree-growth Wood-density

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第12期11卷 1205-1218页

作者： Ruben Valbuena Ana Hernando Jose Antonio Manzanera Eugenio Martínez-Falero Antonio García-Abril Blas Mola-Yudego Department of Plant Sciences Forest Ecology and ConservationUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK School of forest Sciences University of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland College of forestry and Natural Environment Research Group SILVANETUniversidad Politécnica de MadridCiudad UniversitariaMadridSpain

In the context of predicting forest attributes using a combination of airborne LIDAR and multispectral(MS)sensors,we suggest the inclusion of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)metrics along with the more traditional LIDAR height metrics.Here the data fusion method consists of back-projecting LIDAR returns onto original MS images,avoiding co-registration errors.The prediction method is based on nonparametric imputation(the most similar neighbor).Predictor selection and accuracy assessment include hypothesis tests and over-fitting prevention methods.Results show improvements when using combinations of LIDAR and MS compared to using either of them alone.The MS sensor has little explanatory capacity for forest variables dependent on tree height,already well determined from LIDAR alone.However,there is potential for variables dependent on tree diameters and their density.The combination of LIDAR and MS sensors can be very beneficial for predicting variables describing forests structural heterogeneity,which are best described from synergies between LIDAR heights and NDVI dispersion.Results demonstrate the potential of NDVI metrics to increase prediction accuracy of forest attributes.Their inclusion in the predictor dataset may,however,in a few cases be detrimental to accuracy,and therefore we recommend to carefully assess the possible advantages of data fusion on a case-by-case basis.

关键词： Airborne laser scanning forest attribute prediction multispectral imagery data fusion nearest neighbor

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Reductions in non-point source pollution through different management practices for an agricultural watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第2期22卷 184-191页

作者： Yaowu Tian Zhilin Huang Wenfa Xiao School of Life Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China. Key Laboratory of forest ecology and Environment State Forest-ry Administration China Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 10091 China

Non-point source water pollution generated by agricultural production is considered a major environmental issue in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA） of China. The Annualised Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution （AnnAGNPS） model was selected to assess the impact of the application of various management treats, including seven crops, five fertilizer levels and three-group management practice scenarios, on water quality from Heigou River Watershed in TGRA. The scenario subsets include conservation tillage practice （CTP）, conservation reserve program （CRP） and conversion of cropland into forestland program （CCFP）. Results indicated that tea can not be replaced by other crops because comparatively tea resulted in a higher sediment yield. CTP with no-tillage was more effective to reduce sediment yield, but could increased nutrient loss. CRP reduced sediment yield significantly, but slightly benefited on nutrient loss. CCFP reduced not only sediment yield but also the nutrient loss significantly. The conversion of cropland with a slope greater than 10° into forestland was found to be the best scenario as the sediment yield export is less than 5 tons/ha and nutrient loss is within the permissible limit.

关键词： non-point pollution management practice reduction the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

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Speciesα-diversity promotes butβ-diversity restricts aboveground biomass in tropical forests,depending on stand structure and environmental factors

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Journal of forestry research 2023年第5期34卷 889-901页

作者： Umar Aftab Abbasi Eskil Mattsson Sarath Premalal Nissanka Arshad Ali Forest Ecology Research Group College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaoding 071002People’s Republic of China IVL Swedish Environmental research Institute Aschebergsgatan 4441133 GothenburgSweden Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre(GGBC) GothenburgSweden Department of Crop Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

forest plays a vital role in the global biogeochemical cycles through a high rate of carbon sequestration and harboring biodiversity.However,local species diversity is declining while also becoming increasingly homogenized across communities.Although eff ects of local biotic processes(e.g.,speciesα-diversity and stand structural heterogeneity)and environmental factors on aboveground biomass(AGB)have been widely tested,there is a huge knowledge gap for the eff ect of regional biotic processes(i.e.,taxonomic and functionalβ-diversity)in forests.Here,we hypothesized that regional and local environmental factors along with biotic processes jointly regulate AGB through species shifts in tropical forests.Using piecewise structural equation modeling(pSEM),we linked climatic water availability,soil fertility,stand structural heterogeneity(either tree DBH inequality,height inequality,or stand density),speciesα-diversity,taxonomic or functionalβ-diversity(and its two components;β-turnover andβ-richness),and AGB across 189 inventory plots in tropical forests of Sri Lanka.Soil fertility and climatic water availability shaped local and regional biotic processes.Stand structural heterogeneity promoted speciesα-diversity but declinedβ-diversity(but increasedβ-taxonomic turnover).Speciesα-diversity and stand structural heterogeneity promoted AGB whereas taxonomic and functionalβ-diversity declined(butβ-taxonomic turnover increased)AGB.The relationships of AGB with speciesα-diversity andβ-diversity varied from signifi cant to nonsignifi cant positive depending on the specifi c combinations of stand structural heterogeneity metrics used.This study shows that local biotic processes could increase AGB due to the local and regional niche complementarity eff ect whereas the regional biotic processes could restrict AGB due to the regional selection or functional redundancy eff ect under favorable environmental conditions.We argue that biotic homogenization,as well as drought conditions,may have strong divergent impacts on forest functi

关键词： Biodiversity Biotic homogenization Climate forest functioning Soil Tree size

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CPSDv0: a forest stand structure database for plantation forests in China

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Big Earth Data 2023年第1期7卷 212-230页

作者： Xiuchen Wu Xiaofei Jiang Hongyan Liu Craig Allen Xiaoyan Li Pei Wang Zongshan Li Yuting Yang Shulei Zhang Fangzhong Shi Jiaojun Zhu Pengtao Yu Mei Zhou Pengwu Zhao Yanhui Wang Chao Yue Deliang Chen State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking UniversityBeijingChina U.S.Geological Survey-Nebraska Cooperative Fish&Wildlife research Unit School of Natural Resources423 Hardin HallUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina CAS Key Laboratory of forest ecology and Management Qingyuan Forest CERNInstitute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyangChina Key Laboratory of forest ecology and Environment of the National forestry and Grassland Administration of China Research Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina Academy of forestry Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHuhhotChina State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina Regional Climate group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden

forest stand structure is not only a crucial factor for regulating forest functioning but also an important indicator for sustainable forest management and ecosystem services.Although there exists a few national/global structure databases for natural forests,a country-wide synthetic structure database for plantation forests over China,the world’s largest player in plantation forests,has not been achieved.In this study,we built a country-wide synthetic stand structure database by surveying more than 600 peer-reviewed literature.The database covers tree species,mean stand age,mean tree height,stand density,canopy coverage,diameter at breast height,as well as the associated ancillary in-situ topographical and soil properties.A total of 594 pub-lished studies concerning diverse forest stand structure parameters were compiled for 46 tree species.This first synthesis for stand structure of plantation forests over China supports studies on the evolution/health of plantation forests in response to rapid climate change and intensified disturbances,and benefits country-wide sustainable forest management,future afforestation or reforestation planning.Potential users include those studying forest community dynamics,regional tree growth,ecosystem stability,and health,as well as those working with conservation and sustainable management.This dataset is freely acces-sible at http://***/10.11922/sciencedb.j00076.00091.

关键词： Stand structure plantation tree age tree height stand density canopy coverage

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Modelling the role of ground-true riparian vegetation for providing regulating services in a Mediterranean watershed

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2023年第1期11卷 159-168页

作者： Bruno A.Aparício João Pedro Nunes Léonard Bernard-Jannin Luis Filipe Dias Andre Fonseca Teresa Ferreira cE3c-Centre for ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstituteFaculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal forest research Centre&Laboratory TERRA School of AgricultureUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal Soil Physics and Land Management group Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands Longline Environment Ltd LondonUK

Intensive agricultural and industrial activities are often considered major sources of water contamina-tion.Currently,riparian vegetation(RV)is increasingly being promoted as a solution to balance the potentially adverse effects that agriculture may have on water quality.Nonetheless,existing RV is often overlook in recent modelling efforts,failing to capture the current amount of ecosystem services provide.Here,we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool ecohydrological model to simulate the influence of ground-true RV on i)nutrient(nitrate and total phosphorus)and sediment exports from agricultural areas and ii)its effect for in-stream concentrations.These results are further compared against a set of hypothetical scenarios of different RV widths and different land-uses.Our results point to a great rele-vance of existing RV in controlling in-stream concentration of sediments and nutrients where pressure from agriculture is highest,preventing them to surpass limits set in the EU Water Framework Directive.On the other hand,in areas with industry discharges,the role of RV is limited and model results suggest that restoring RV would have limited impacts.We illustrate how existing RV may already provide strong but not acknowledged water quality regulation services,how these services can differ substantially between nearby streams,and that effective strategies to improve water quality using RV must acknowledge existing patterns of vegetation,land use and contamination sources.

关键词： Agricultural pollution Riparian vegetation Ecosystem services Hydrological services Mediterranean region

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