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Effects of artificially cultivated biological soil crusts on soil nutrients and biological activities in the Loess Plateau

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第6期6卷 742-752页

作者： YanMin ZHAO QingKe ZHU Ping LI LeiLei ZHAO LuLu WANG XueLiang ZHENG Huan MA College of Water and Soil Conservation Beijing Forestry University Key Laboratory of forest ecology and environment State forestry Administration Research Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of Forestry Kunming forest Exploration & Design Institute of State forestry Agency Anhui Survey and Design Institute for Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Institute of forest Products Industry State Forestry Administration

Biological soil crusts （BSCs） play an important role in the early succession of vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau, China. To evaluate the effects of artificially cultivated BSCs on the soil surface micro-envir- onment, we obtained natural moss crusts and moss-lichen crusts from the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi province, and subsequently inoculated and cultivated on horizontal and sloping surfaces of loess soil in a greenhouse. The chemical and biological properties of the subsoil under cultivated BSCs were determined after 10 weeks of cul- tivation. The results indicated that BSCs coverage was more than 65% after 10 weeks of cultivation. Moss crust coverage reached 40% after 5 weeks of cultivation. Compared with the control, soil organic matter and available nitrogen contents in moss crust with the horizontal treatments increased by 100.87% and 48.23%, respectively; increased by 67.56% and 52.17% with the sloping treatments, respectively; they also increased in moss-lichen crust with horizontal and sloping treatments, but there was no significant difference. Available phosphorus in cultivated BSCs was reduced, soil pH was lower and cationic exchange capacity was higher in cultivated BSCs than in the control. Alkaline phosphatase, urease and invertase activities were increased in artificially cultivated BSCs, and alkaline phosphatase activity in all cultivated BSCs was obviously higher than that in the control. Numbers of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were increased in the formation process of cultivated BSCs. These results indicate that BSCs could be formed rapidly in short-term cultivation and improve the mi- cro-environment of soil surface, which provides a scientific reference for vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction in the Loess Plateau. China.

关键词： biological soil crusts soil nutrient enzyme activity soil microorganism Loess Plateau

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A potentiometric cobalt-based phosphate sensor based on screen-printing technology

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第6期8卷 945-951页

作者： Lei ZHU Xiaohong ZHOU Hanchang SHI School of environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China division of ecology and environment Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University Jiaxing 314006 China

A potentiometric cobalt-based screen-pritning sensor was fabricated by electroplating cobalt on the surface of a screen-printing electrode as the sensitive layer for the determination of dihydrogenphosphate （H2PO4） in wastewater samples. The electrochemical performance of this sensor was fully examined to determine its detection calibration, detection limit, response time, selectivity, and interference with pH, various ions, and dissolved oxygen （DO）. The cobalt-based phosphate sensor showed a phosphate-selective potential response in the range of 10 5mol·L^-1 to 10^-1 mol^-1, yielding a detection limit of 3.16 × 10μmol·L^l and a slope of -37.51 mV·decade＇ in an acidic solution （pH 4.0） of H2PO4-. DO and pH were found to interfere with sensor responses to phosphate. Ultimately, the performance of the sensor was validated for detecting wastewater samples from the Xiaojiahe Waste- water Treatment Plant against the standard speetrophotometric methods for HzPO4 analysis. The discrepancy between the two methods was generally ＋5% （relative standard deviation）. Aside from its high selectivity, sensitivity, and stability, which are comparable with conventional bulk Co-wire sensors, the proposed phosphate sensor presents many other advantages, such as low price, compactness, ease of use, and the possibility of integration with other analytical devices, such as flow injectors.

关键词： phosphate cobalt screen-printing technology electroplate wastewater

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Effects of microtopography on spatial point pattern of forest stands on the semi-arid Loess Plateau,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第3期7卷 370-380页

作者： WeiJun ZHAO Yan ZHANG QingKe ZHU Wei QIN ShuZhen PENG Ping LI YanMin ZHAO Huan MA Yu WANG Key Laboratory of Tourist Resources and environment in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province Taishan University forestry Ecological Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education) Beijing Forestry University Department of Sedimentation China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Key Laboratory of forest ecology and environment of State forestry Administration Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of Forestry

Microtopography may affect the distribution of forests through its effect on rain redistribution and soil water distribution on the semi-arid Loess Plateau,*** this study,we investigated the characteristics of microtopography on two shady slopes（slope A,5 hm2,uniform slope;slope B,5 hm2,microtopography slope） and surveyed the height,the diameter at breast height and the location（x,y coordinates） of all selected individual trees（Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.,Pyrus betulifolia Bunge,Populus hopeiensis Hu ＆ Chow,Armeniaca sibirica Lam.,Populus simonii *** Ulmus pumila Linn.） on slope A and slope B in the watersheds of Wuqi county,Shaanxi ***,the effects of microtopography on the spatial pattern of forest stands were analyzed using Ripley＇s K（r） *** results showed that：（1） The maximal aggregation radiuses of the tree species on the uniform slope（slope A） were larger than 40 m,whereas those of the tree species on the microtopography slope（slope B） were smaller than 30 m.（2） On slope B,the spatial association of *** with ***,***,*** and *** varied from being strongly negative to positive at microtopography *** spatial association of Populus hopeiensis Hu ＆ Chow with *** also varied from being strongly negative to positive at microtopography ***,there was no spatial association between *** and ***,*** and ***,*** and ***,*** and ***,*** and ***,*** and ***,*** and ***,*** and ***,and *** and *** slope A,the spatial association between tree species were strongly *** results suggest that microtopography may shape tree distribution patterns on the semi-arid Loess Plateau.

关键词： microtopography univariate spatial patterns aggregation negative association positive association

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Effects of rainwater harvesting on herbage diversity and productivity in degraded Aravalli hills in western India

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Journal of forestry Research 2011年第3期22卷 329-340页

作者： G. Singh G.R. Choadhary B. Ram N.K. Limba division of forest ecology Arid Forest Research Institute New Pali Road Jodhpur-342005 India

Over-exploitation and rural growth have severely damaged native vegetations of Aravalli hills in Rajasthan, India. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different restoration practices （i.e., rainwater harvesting （RWH） and planting of tree seedlings） on improve- ment in soil water and nutrients and growth and biomass of herbaceous vegetation. Contour trench （CT）, Gradonie （G）, Box trench （BT）, V-ditch （VD） and a control were imposed on 75 plots （each of 700 m 2 ） in natural slope gradient defined as 10%, 10% 20% and 20% slopes in 2005. Each plot had three micro-sites of 1-m 2 at up （USP）, middle （MSP） and lower （LSP） part of the plot for observation in 2008. The existed gradient （due to soil texture and topographic features） of soil pH, EC, SOC, NH 4 - N, NO 3 -N and PO 4 -P in June 2005 between 20% to 10% slopes were decreased in 2008 after applying RWH techniques. Such improvement in soil status promoted vegetation growth and biomass in higher slope gra- dients. Soil water, species diversity and herbage biomass increased from USP to LSP, and RWH techniques had positive role in improving SOC, nutrients, vegetation population, evenness and growth at MSP. Despite of lowest SWC, regular rain and greater soil water usage enhanced green and dry herbage biomasses in 10% 20% and 20% slopes, compared with 10% slope. The highest diversity in CT treatment was related to herbage biomass, which was enhanced further by highest concentrations of SOC and PO 4 -P. Further, CT treatment was found to be the best treat- ment in minimizing biomass variance in different slopes. Conclusively, soil texture and topographic features controlled soil water and nutrients availability. Rainwater harvesting techniques increased soil water storage and nutrient retention and also enhanced vegetation status and biomass by minimizing the effects of hillslopes. Thus depending upon the site conditions, suitable RWH technique could be adopted to increase herb- age biomass while rehabilit

关键词： herbage growth and biomass hillslopes soil nutrients soil water dynamics vegetation diversity

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Characteristics of canopy interception and its simulation with a revised Gash model for a larch plantation in the Liupan Mountains, China

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Journal of forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 187-198页

作者： Zebin Liu Yanhui Wang Ao Tian Yu Liu Ashley A.Webb Yarui Wang Haijun Zuo Pengtao Yu Wei Xiong Lihong Xu Institute of forest ecology Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University NSW Department of Primary Industries Tamworth Agricultural Institute

Canopy interception is a significant proportion of incident rainfall and evapotranspiration of forest ecosystems. Hence, identifying its magnitude is vital for studies of eco-hydrological processes and hydrological impact evaluation. In this study, throughfall, stemflow and interception were measured in a pure Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.（larch） plantation in the Liupan Mountains of northwestern China during the growing season（May–October） of 2015, and simulated using a revised Gash model. During the study period, the total precipitation was 499.0 mm; corresponding total throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception were 410.3, 2.0 and 86.7 mm,accounting for 82.2, 0.4 and 17.4% of the total precipitation, respectively. With increasing rainfall, the canopy interception ratio of individual rainfall events decreased initially and then tended to stabilize. Within the study period, the simulated total canopy interception, throughfall and stemflow were 2.2 mm lower, 2.5 mm higher and 0.3 mm lower than their measured values, with a relative error of 2.5, 0.6 and 15.0%, respectively. As quantified by the model, canopy interception loss（79%） mainly consisted of interception caused by canopy adsorption, while the proportions of additional interception and trunk interception were small. The revised Gash model was highly sensitive to the parameter of canopy storage capacity,followed by the parameters of canopy density and mean rainfall intensity, but less sensitive to the parameters of mean evaporation rate, trunk storage capacity, and stemflow ratio. The revised Gash model satisfactorily simulated the total canopy interception of the larch plantation within the growing season but was less accurate for some individual rainfall events, indicating that some flaws exist in the model structure. Further measures to improve the model’s ability in simulating the interception of individual rainfall events were suggested.

关键词： Canopy interception Larch plantation Revised Gash model Stemflow Throughfall

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Comparative productivity of Prosopis cineraria and Tecomella undulata based agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert

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Journal of forestry Research 2009年第A2期20卷 144-150,I0003页

作者： G. Singh division of forest ecology Arid Forest Research Institute New Pali Road Jodhpur-342005 India

Tree-crop interactions were monitored by measuring tree growth characters of Prosopis cineraria L. and Tecomella undulata L. and yields of Vigna radiata （L） in agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert. Potential competition for resource between the trees and associated crop was analyzed by measuring soil water contents, soil organic matters and NH4-N at different depths of soil layers i.e., 0-25 cm, 25-50 cm and 50-75 cm in the experimental plots. The plots size were 16 m × 18 m （D1）, 20 m × 18 m （D2） and 32 m × 18 m （D3） with tree densities of 208, 138 and 104 ***^-1 after June 2002, respectively. Results showed that tree height increased by 3% to 7% during June 2002 to June 2004. Collar diameter increased by 30% and 11% in D1, 23% and 19% in D2 and 18% and 36% in D3 plots, respectively, in P. cineraria and T. undulata in two years period. The increase in crown diameter was 9% to 18% in P. cineraria and 11% to 16% in T. undulata. Tree growth was relatively greater in 2002 than in 2003. Yield of V. radiata increased linearly from D1 to D3 plots. Lowest soil water content at 1 m distance from tree base indicated greater utilization of soil water within the tree rooting zone. Concentrations of soil organic matters and NH4-N were the highest （p〈0.05） in 0-25 cm soil layer. P. cineraria was more beneficial than T. undulata in improving soil conditions and increasing crop yield by 11.1% and thus more suitable for its integration in agricultural land. The yield of agricultural crop increased when density of tree species was appropriate （i.e., optimum tree density）, though it varied with tree size and depended upon resource availability. The result indicated bio-economic benefits of optimum density of P. cineraria and T. undulata over traditional practices of maintaining random trees in farming system in arid zones.

关键词： arid region crop yield land productivity soil water and nutrients tree growth

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Modifying regeneration strategies classification to enhance the understanding of dominant species growth in fire-prone forest in Southwest China

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forest Ecosystems 2022年第1期9卷 94-102页

作者： Caifang Luo Yueqiang Liu Zehao Shen Kang Yang Xinpei Wang Youxu Jiang Department of ecology College of Urban and Environmental ScienceThe MOE Laboratory of Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China Yunnan Appraisal Center for Ecological and environmental Engineering Kunming 650228China Key Laboratory of forest ecology and environment of National forestry and Grassland Administration Research Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing100091China

Background:In fire-prone ecosystems,plant species having different post-fire regeneration strategies(PFRS)coexist at the local scale while showing different growth *** evaluate the effect of PFRS on species regeneration,we investigated the plant communities burned in different years in the central Yunnan Province,Southwest *** indicators describing plant growth and population importance were measured to compare the regeneration of four dominant tree species,including one facultative seeders(FS)and three obligate resprouters(OR).Partial correlation and mixed linear effect modeling were applied to disentangle the contribution of intrinsic and environmental factors to the interspecific variation in post-fire ***:We identified two subtypes of plant growth strategy in the early post-fire stage for OR species;i.e.,number growth(ORþN)priority and height growth(ORþH)priority for sprouting ***,the FS and OR species varied in height growth rate with different temporal *** ORþN species occupied post-fire space horizontally with more resprouts and larger coverage than ORþH and FS species at the earlier *** contrast,the ORþH species generally had far less resprouts per clump,more variations in stem height and basal *** analysis showed that the variation of post-fire plant regeneration was not effectively explained by environmental factors(R2forest *** study uncovered a trade-off between height versus number growth priority in the post-fire tree growth strategy and provides a novel perspective in understanding the living space occupying(niche partit

关键词： Post-fire regeneration strategies Species coexistence Growth priority Subtropical forest Facultative seeder Obligate resprouter

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Natural forests exhibit higher organic carbon concentrations and recalcitrant carbon proportions in soil than plantations:a global data synthesis

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Journal of forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 131-141页

作者： Xiuqing Nie Hui Wang Jian Wang Shirong Liu ecology and Nature Conservation Institute Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationNo.2 DongxiaofuHaidian DistrictBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China

Different chemical compositions of soil organic carbon(SOC)affect its persistence and whether it signifi-cantly differs between natural forests and plantations remains *** synthesizing 234 observations of SOC chemical compositions,we evaluated global patterns of concentra-tion,individual chemical composition(alkyl C,O-alkyl C,aromatic C,and carbonyl C),and their distribution *** results indicate a notably higher SOC,a markedly larger proportion of recalcitrant alkyl C,and lower easily decomposed carbonyl C proportion in natural ***-ever,SOC chemical compositions were appreciably more evenly distributed in *** on the assumed con-ceptual index of SOC chemical composition evenness,we deduced that,compared to natural forests,plantations may have higher possible resistance to SOC decomposition under *** tropical regions,SOC levels,recalcitrant SOC chemical composition,and their distributed evenness were significantly higher in natural forests,indicating that SOC has higher chemical stability and possible resistance to *** factors had minor effects on alkyl C in forests globally,while they notably affected SOC chemi-cal composition in tropical *** could contribute to the differences in chemical compositions and their distrib-uted evenness between plantations and natural stands.

关键词： Global data synthesis Natural forest Plantations Soil organic carbon Soil organic carbon chemical composition

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Application of Land-use Change Model in Guiding Regional Planning:A Case Study in Hun-Taizi River Watershed,Northeast China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2011年第5期21卷 609-618页

作者： LIU Miao HU Yuanman ZHANG Wei ZHU Junjun CHEN Hongwei XI Fengming State Key Laboratory of forest and Soil ecology Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110164 China College of Soil and environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China

This paper firstly investigated the land-use and land-cover change （LUCC） in the Hun-Taizi River water- shed, Northeast China from 1988 to 2004 based on remotely sensed images and geographic information systems （GIS） technology. Then, using the famous land-use change model of Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small re- gional extent （CLUE-S）, this paper simulated the land use changes under historical trend （HT）, urban planning （UP） and ecological protection （EP） scenarios considering urban planning and ecological protection over the next 20 years. The simulated results under UP scenario in 2020 were compared with the planning map to assess the feasibility of us- ing land-use change model to guide regional planning. Results show that forest land, dry farmland, paddy, and shrub land were the main land-use categories. Paddy and dry farmland being converted to urban area and rural settlement characterized the land-use change from 1988 to 2004. The main land-use categories changed over time. Landscape-pattem fragmentation will be worse under HT and UP scenarios, but better in EP scenario. The comparing results of simulated map with planning map in 2020 show that land-use change model is powerful tool to guide regional planning. Land-use scenarios can support regional planning and policy-making through analyzing future consequences scientifically.

关键词： land-use change model CLUE-S regional planning Hun-Taizi River watershed

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Variation of carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry along a chronosequence of natural temperate forest in northeastern China

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Journal of Plant ecology 2018年第3期11卷 339-350页

作者： Xingyun Liang Shirong Liu Hui Wang Jingxin Wang Key Laboratory of forest ecology and environment China’s State Forestry AdministrationInstitute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryNo.1 DongxiaofuQinglongqiaoHaidian DistrictBeijing 100091China division of forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia UniversityP.O.Box 6215MorgantownWV 26506-6125USA

Aims Carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)stoichiometry contributes to under-standing elemental compositions and coupled biogeochemical cycles in ***,we know little about the temporal patterns of C:N stoichiometry during forest *** goal of this study is to explore the temporal patterns of intraspecific and ecosystem components’variations in C:N stoichiometry and the scaling relationships between C and N at different successional *** Along forest development in a natural temperate forest,northeastern China,four age gradients were categorized into ca.10-,30-,70-and 200-year old,respectively,and three 20 m×20 m plots were set up for each age ***,branches,fine roots and fresh litter of seven dominant species as well as mineral soil at depth of 0-10 cm were sampled.A Universal CHN Elemental Analyzer was used to determine the C and N concentrations in all *** Findings Intraspecific leaf C,N and C:N ratios remained stable along forest development regardless of tree species;while C,N concentrations and C:N ratios changed significantly either in branches or in fine roots,and they varied with tree species except Populus davidiana(Pforest development stages.C concentrations scaled isometrically with respect to N concentrations in mineral soil but not in other ecosystem *** results indicate that,leaf has a higher intraspecific C:N stoichiometric stability compared to branch and fine root,whereas for ecosystem components,shifts in species composition mainly affect C:N ratios in leaves rather than other *** stud

关键词： C:N stoichiometry forest succession isometric scaling plant organs soil temperate forest

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