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Nanotechnology’s frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases:prevention and treatment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 998-1047页

作者： Yujing Huang Xiaohan Guo Yi Wu Xingyu Chen Lixiang Feng Na Xie Guobo Shen Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospitaland West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan Universityand Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041China

Inflammation-associated diseases encompass a range of infectious diseases and non-infectious inflammatory diseases,which continuously pose one of the most serious threats to human health,attributed to factors such as the emergence of new pathogens,increasing drug resistance,changes in living environments and lifestyles,and the aging *** rapid advancements in mechanistic research and drug development for these diseases,current treatments often have limited efficacy and notable side effects,necessitating the development of more effective and targeted anti-inflammatory *** recent years,the rapid development of nanotechnology has provided crucial technological support for the prevention,treatment,and detection of inflammation-associated *** types of nanoparticles(NPs)play significant roles,serving as vaccine vehicles to enhance immunogenicity and as drug carriers to improve targeting and *** can also directly combat pathogens and *** addition,nanotechnology has facilitated the development of biosensors for pathogen detection and imaging techniques for inflammatory *** review categorizes and characterizes different types of NPs,summarizes their applications in the prevention,treatment,and detection of infectious and inflammatory *** also discusses the challenges associated with clinical translation in this field and explores the latest developments and *** conclusion,nanotechnology opens up new possibilities for the comprehensive management of infectious and inflammatory diseases.

关键词： prevention inflammatory treatment

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Distal-scanning common path probe for optical coherence tomography

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第3期17卷 84-92页

作者： Zhengyu Chen Bin He Zichen Yin Zhangwei Hu Yejiong Shi Chengming Wang Xiao Zhang Ning Zhang Linkai Jing Guihuai Wang Ping Xue State Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Frontier Science center for Quantum Information BeijingChina Jinsp Company Limited BeijingChina Beijing Institute of Technology BeijingChina Institute of forensic Science Ministry of Public Security BeijingChina Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalSchool of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Precision MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

In this paper,we present a distal-scanning common path probe for optical coherence tomography(OCT)equipped with a hollow ultrasonic motor and a simple and specially designed *** novel probe proves to be able to effectively circumvent polarization and dispersion mismatch caused by fiber motion and is more robust to a variety of interfering factors during the imaging process,experimentally compared to a conventional noncommon path ***,our design counteracts the attenuation of backscattering with depth and the fall-off of the signal,resulting in a more balanced signal range and greater imaging ***-domain OCT imaging of phantom and biological tissue is also demonstrated with a sensitivity of∼100dB and a lateral resolution of∼3μ*** low-cost probe offers simplified system configuration and excellent robustness,and is therefore particularly suitable for clinical diagnosis as one-off medical apparatus.

关键词： Common path optical coherence tomography endoscopic probe

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A fatal case of oxygen embolism in a hospital

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forensic Sciences Research 2017年第2期2卷 100-106页

作者： Lionel Comment Vincent Varlet Kewin Ducrot Silke Grabherr forensic Medicine Unit University Center of Legal MedicineCHUV HospitalLausanne-GenevaSwitzerland forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit University Center of Legal MedicineCHUV HospitalLausanne-GenevaSwitzerland Unit of forensic imaging and Anthropology University Center of Legal MedicineCHUV HospitalLausanne-GenevaSwitzerland

This case reports on a 68-year-old man who was found dead in hospital next to his *** this,he had been treated with intravenous antibiotics for *** body was found with a peripheral venous catheter connected to a nasal cannula delivering oxygen(O_(2))from the *** medico-legal examinations were performed,including post-mortem computed tomography(CT),complete conventional autopsy,histological and immunohistochemistry analysis,toxicological analysis and post-mortem ***,CT-guided gas sampling was performed at multiple sites to collect samples for gas *** the external examination,massive subcutaneous emphysema was visible over the entire surface of the *** CT scan revealed the presence of gas throughout the vascular system,and in the subcutaneous and muscular *** autopsy confirmed the presence of lobar pneumonia and multiple gas bubbles in the vascular *** gas analysis results showed a subnormal concentration of oxygen,confirming the suspected pure O_(2) ***,the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration in the gas sample from the heart was elevated to a level similar to those found in scuba diving *** could come from degassing of dissolved CO_(2) that accumulated and was trapped in the cardiac *** on the results of the different exams performed,and especially the gas analysis results,it was concluded that the cause of death was O_(2) embolism.

关键词： forensic science air embolism autopsy forensic imaging gas analysis

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Use of deep learning in forensic sex estimation of virtual pelvic models from the Han population

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forensic Sciences Research 2022年第3期7卷 540-549页

作者： Yongjie Cao Yonggang Ma Xiaotong Yang Jian Xiong Yahui Wang Jianhua Zhang Zhiqiang Qin Yijiu Chen Duarte Nuno Vieira Feng Chen Ji Zhang Ping Huang Shanghai Key Laboratory of forensic Medicine Shanghai Forensic Service PlatformAcademy of Forensic ScienceMinistry of JusticeShanghaiChina Department of forensic Medicine Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina Department of Medical imaging 3201 Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterHanzhongChina Department of forensic Pathology Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina Department of forensic Medicine Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina Institute of Legal Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Accurate sex estimation is crucial to determine the identity of human skeletal remains ***,we developed convolutional neural network(CNN)models for sex estimation on virtual hemi-pelvic regions,including the ventral pubis(VP),dorsal pubis(DP),greater sciatic notch(GSN),pelvic inlet(PI),ischium,and acetabulum from the Han population and compared these models with two experienced forensic anthropologists using morphological methods.A Computed Tomography(CT)dataset of 862 individuals was divided into the subgroups of training,validation,and testing,*** CT-based virtual hemi-pelvises from the training and validation groups were used to calibrate sex estimation models;and then a testing dataset was used to evaluate the performance of the trained models and two human experts on the sex estimation of specific pelvic regions in terms of overall accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,F1 score,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)*** for the ischium and acetabulum,the CNN models trained with the VP,DP,GSN,and PI images achieved excellent results with all the prediction metrics over *** accuracies were superior to those of the two forensic anthropologists in the independent ***,the heatmap results confirmed that the trained CNN models were focused on traditional sexual anatomic traits for sex *** study demonstrates the potential of AI techniques based on the radiological dataset in sex estimation of virtual pelvic *** excellent sex estimation performance obtained by the CNN models indicates that this method is valuable to proceed with in prospective forensic trials.

关键词： forensic sciences forensic anthropology sex estimation pelvis deep learning convolutional neural network

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Sex estimation in a Turkish population using Purkait’s triangle:a virtual approach by 3-dimensional computed tomography(3D-CT)

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forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 97-105页

作者： Julieta G.García-Donas Suna Ors Ercan Inci Elena F.Kranioti Oguzhan Ekizoglu Negahnaz Moghaddam Silke Grabherr Centre for anatomy and human identification school of science and engineeringUniversity of DundeescotlandUK Department of radiology Bakirkoy Training and research hospitalistanbulTurkey Department of forensic science University of cretecreteGreece University center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva Lausanneswitzerland Unit of forensic imaging and anthropology University center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-GenevaLausanneswitzerland Swiss human institute of forensic Taphonomy University center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-GenevaLausanneswitzerland

Sex estimation is considered one of the first steps in the forensic identification *** and morphometrical differences between males and females have been used as means for morphoscopic and metric methods on both cranial and postcranial skeletal *** dry skeletal elements are not available,virtual data can be used as a *** present research explores 3-dimensional(3D)scans from a Turkish population to test a sex estimation method developed by Purkait(2005).Overall,296 individuals were used in this study(158 males and 138 females).Purkait’s triangle parameters were measured on computed tomography(CT)scans obtained from both right and left femora of each patient at the Bakirkoy *** Konuk Training Research Hospital(Istanbul,Turkey).Intra-and inter-observer errors were assessed for all variables through technical error of measurements *** asymmetry and sex differences were evaluated using parametric and non-parametric statistical *** and multivariate discriminant function analyses were then *** errors demonstrated an overall agreement within and between experts,as indicated by technical error of measurement(TEM)*** bilateral asymmetries were reported,and all parameters demonstrated a statistically significant difference between males and *** discriminant models were generated by applying single and combined parameters,producing a total correct sex classification ranging from 78.4%to 92.6%.In addition,over 67%of the total sample was accurately classified,with 95%or greater posterior *** study demonstrates the feasibility of 3D sex estimation using Purkait’s triangle on a Turkish population,with accuracy rates comparable to those reported in other *** is the first attempt to apply this method on virtual data and although further validation and standardisation are recommended for its application on dry bone,this research constitutes a signif

关键词： forensic sciences forensic anthropology sex estimation computed tomography Purkait’s triangle

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Comparison of “Normal” Craniocerebral Computed Tomography of Deceased and Living Individuals

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Journal of forensic Science and Medicine 2020年第4期6卷 111-116页

作者： Xiaofei Liu Wenju Jin Zhiyuan Xia Lan Du Chunsheng Li Qing Chen Li Liu Department of forensic Pathology Criminal Investigation Corps of Beijing Public Security BureauBeijingChina Dian Research center for Postmortem imaging and Angiography Zhejiang Dian Institute of Forensic SciencesHangzhouChina Haidian Division of Beijing Public Security Bureau BeijingChina

To compare“normal”craniocerebral computed tomography(CT)of deceased and living *** parameters of craniocerebral CT scans of 50 deceased and 50 living individuals that met specific filtering criteria were measured separately:The intensity(CT value)ratio of gray matter to white matter(GM/WM),maximum and minimum length of frontal horn of ventricle,transverse diameter of cerebral parenchyma,length of choroid plexus,maximum external diameter of body of lateral ventricle,maximum internal transverse diameter of cranium,length of cerebral longitudinal fissure,length between two calvarium,transverse and longitudinal diameter of the third and fourth ventricle,length of the cerebral longitudinal fissure,Hackman value,ventricular index(D/A),index of the somatic part of lateral ventricle(F/E),lateral ventricular body index(G/E),frontal horn index(G/A),and ventriculocranial ratio(VCR).The values of these 19 parameters for the deceased and living individuals were performed using statistical *** were significant statistic differences between deceased and living individuals in terms of eight craniocerebral CT parameters,including GM/WM,D/A,transverse diameter of the fourth ventricle,and length of the cerebral longitudinal *** craniocerebral CT findings differ between deceased and living *** of the normal postmortem craniocerebral CT parameters is key to correct postmortem craniocerebral radiopathological diagnosis.

关键词： Craniocerebral deceased living individual postmortem computed tomography postmortem cross-sectional imaging

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Microwave-assisted in situ synthesis of fluorescent gold nanoclusters with BSA/montmorillonite and application on latent fingermark imaging

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Science China Chemistry 2018年第5期61卷 619-626页

作者： Lei Yan Yanlin Yu Zhining Xia forensic Science Engineering Research center of Universities in Chongqing School of Criminal Investigation Southwest University of Political Science and Law School of Bioengineering Chongqing University

A method for in situ preparation of fluorescent gold nanoclusters(Au NCs) with bovine serum albumin/montmorillonite composite powder(Au NC-BSA/MMT) was developed, and the products were used to detect latent fingermarks. In this work, Au NCs were "grown" both inside and on the surface of BSA/MMT clay using one-step reduction of HAu Cl4 by BSA. The as-prepared Au NC-BSA/MMT nanocomposites emit intensive red fluorescence under the excitation of UV-visible light and show stable chemical features and low toxicity. The obtained fluorescent powders were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to depict their sizes, structural information and optical features. Given their environmentally friendly preparation, simple operation, low cost, efficient UVvisible radiation-dependent photoluminescence and good affinity with finger residues, the in situ synthesized Au NC-BSA/MMT nanocomposite powders were used as an alternative fluorescent developing reagent for developing latent fingermarks deposited on various object surfaces(such as glass, aluminum foil, painted metal, plastic products and weighing papers) for individual identification. As results, the developed fingermarks with clear patterns and satisfactory level-2(minutiae points) and level-3(sweat pores) ridge details were obtained. Notably, treated prints could be excited by red light and emitted near infrared fluorescence, which was beneficial to avoid background interference and reduce the damage caused by UV light. With the advantages of the simple preparation process and good enhancement performance for latent fingermarks, the proposed method might be used in the preparation of various fluorescent probes for detecting trace evidence in forensic sciences.

关键词： gold nanoclusters in situ montmorillonite latent fingermark fluorescent powder forensic science

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Oleic Acid (OA), A Potential Dual Contrast Agent for Postmortem MR Angiography (PMMRA): A Pilot Study

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Current Medical Science 2020年第4期40卷 786-794页

作者： Zhi-yuan XIA Christine BRUGUIER Fabrice DEDOUIT Silke GRABHERR Marc AUGSBURGER Bei-bei LIU Institute of Evidence Law and forensic Science China University of Political Science and Law(CUPL)Key Laboratory of Evidence Law and Forensic ScienceMinistry of EducationBeijing 100088China University center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva(CURML)Lausanne CH1000Switzerland Service de Mede cine Legale Hopital de RangueilToulouse 50032France Dian Research center for Postmortem imaging&Angiography Beijing 100192China

Summary:Choosing proper perfusates as contrast agents is an important aspect for postmortem magnetic resonance angiography(PMMRA).However,in this emerging field,the number of suitable kinds of liquid is still very *** objective of this research is to compare MR images of oleic acid(OA)with paraffin oil(PO)in vitro and in ex situ animal hearts,in order to evaluate the feasibility to use OA as a novel contrast agent for *** vitro,OA,PO and water(control)were introduced into three tubes separately and T,weighted-spin echo(Tw SE)and T2w-SE images were acquired on a 1.5T MR *** the second experiment,0A and PO were injected into left coronary artery(LCA)and left ventricle(LV)of ex situ bovine hearts and their Tw-SE,Tzw-SE,Tw-multipoint Dixon(Tjw-mDixon)and 3DT2w-mDixon images were *** overall results indicate that OA may have a potential to be used as a dual(T and T2 based)contrast agent for PMMRA when proper sequence parameters are ***,as the pilot study was based on limited number of animal hearts,more researches using OA in cadavers are needed to validate our findings.

关键词： postmortem magnetic resonance angiography perfusate contrast agent oleic acid paraffin oil heart

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Virtual anthropology:a preliminary test of macroscopic observation versus 3D surface scans and computed tomography(CT)scans

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forensic Sciences Research 2021年第1期6卷 34-41页

作者： Claudine Abegg Ilaria Balbo Alejandro Dominguez Silke Grabherr Lorenzo Campana Negahnaz Moghaddam Unit of forensic imaging and Anthropology University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-GenevaLausanneSwitzerland Dipartimento di Scienze biologiche Universita di BolognaBolognaItaly School of Health Sciences(HESAV) University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland(HES-SO)DelemontSwitzerland Swiss Human Institute of forensic Taphonomy LausanneSwitzerland

Virtual anthropology(VA)is based on applying anthropological methods currently used to analyse bones to 3D models of human *** great advances have been made in this endeavour in the past decade,several interrogations concerning how reliable these models are and what their proper use should be remain *** this research,a fundamental assumption of VA has been investigated:if the way we perceive and apply an anthropological method is truly similar when looking at bones macroscopically and through various 3D *** order to answer,10 skulls of known age and sex were scanned using a computed tomography(CT)scanner and a 3D surface *** observers separately applied a defined staging method to eight suture sites on these skulls,first looking at the bone macroscopically,then at the 3D surface scan,and finally on the CT *** rounds of observation were carried out by each ***-and inter-observer error were evaluated,and two sample t-tests used to evaluate if the different types of medium used yielded significantly different *** results show a high degree of inter-observer error,and that data obtained from 3D surface scans differ from macroscopic observation(confidence level 95%,P≤0.05).CT scans,in these settings,yielded results comparable to those obtained through macroscopic *** results offer many possibilities for future research,including indications on the kind of anthropological methods and anatomical landmarks that might be reliably transferable to the virtual *** current methods used in traditional anthropology should be tested,and if they prove unreliable,new techniques to analyse bones from virtual models should be developed.

关键词： forensic sciences virtual anthropology CT scan 3D surface scan forensic anthropology cranial sutures

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Overview of clinical forensic services in various countries of the European Union

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forensic Sciences Research 2020年第1期5卷 74-84页

作者： Sophie Kerbacher Michael Pfeifer Reingard Riener-Hofer Andrea Berzlanovich Maeve Eogan Anita Gali(c)Mihic Gregor Haring Petr Hejna Johannes Höller Sorin Hostiuc Michael Klintschar Peter Kovác Astrid Krauskopf Simone Leski Michal Malacka Thorsten Schwark Hanna Sprenger Andrea Verzeletti Duarte Nuno Vieira Sylvia Wolf Kathrin Yen Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical forensic imaging Ludwig Boltzmann GesellschaftGrazAustria center of forensic Medicine Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Obstetricsand Gynaecology Rotunda HospitalDublinIreland Institute of forensic Medicine and Criminalistics School of MedicineUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia Department for forensic Medicine and Deontology University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia Department of forensic Medicine Charles University and University HospitalHradec KraloveCzech Republic Department of Legal Medicine National Institute of Legal MedicineBucharestRomania Department for Legal Medicine Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany forensic.sk Institút Forenznych Medicínskych ExpertízBratislavaSlovakia Institute of forensic and Traffic Medicine University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Faculty of Law Palacky University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic Department of forensic Medicine Laboratoire National de SantéDudelangeLuxembourg Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly Department of forensic Medicine Ethics and Medical LawFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Examination of a person who has been a victim of a physical or sexual assault may be very important for upcoming legal *** the context of a clinical forensic examination,physical findings are recorded and biological trace material is gathered and ***,all forensic findings are documented in a detailed report combined with photographic docu-mentation,which employs a forensic scale to depict the size of the ***,the integrity of such forensic findings depends particularly on two ***,the examination needs to be conducted professionally to ensure that the findings are properly admissible as court ***,the examination should take place as soon as possible because the opportunity to successfully secure biological samples declines rapidly with *** to low-threshold clinical forensic examinations is not evenly provided in all member states of the European Union(EU);in some states,they are not available at *** part of the JUST_(e)U!(Juridical standards for clinical forensic examinations of victims of violence in Europe)pro-ject,the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical forensic imaging in Graz,Austria created(in cooperation with its international partner consortium)a questionnaire:the purpose was to collect information about support for victims of physical and/or sexual assault in obtaining a low-threshold clinical forensic examination in various countries of the *** paper pro-vides a summary of the responses and an overview of the current situation concerning pro-vided clinical forensic services.

关键词： forensic sciences clinical forensic services violence JUST_(e)U! Directive 2012/29/EU victim examination

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