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Hepatoxicity associated with weight-loss supplements: A case for better post-marketing surveillance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第14期15卷 1786-1787页

作者： Ano Lobb public health consultant 80 Lepage Rd Barre VT 05641 United States

There is a growing number of case reports of hepatoxicity from the widely marketed weight-loss supplement Hydroxycut, which contains the botanical ingredient Garcinia cambogia . These case reports may substantially undercount the true magnitude of harm. Based on the past experience with harmful dietary supplements, US regulators should assume the more precautionary approach favored by Canada and Europe. Lacking effective adverse event surveillance for supplements, or the requirements to prove safety prior to coming to the market, case reports such as those summarized here assume added importance.

关键词： Hydroxycut Dietary supplements Garciniacambogia Liver failure Weight loss Super citrimax Hca-sx

Salvianolic acids improve liver lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats via blocking STAT-3/SREBP1 signaling

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2018年第11期16卷 838-845页

作者： CHEN Juan YUE Jia LIU Jiao LIU Yun JIAO Kai-Lin TENG Meng-Ying HU Chun-Yan ZHEN Jing WU Mao-Xuan ZHOU Ming LI Zhong LI Yuan Department of Nutrition and food Hygiene School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Department of Nutrition and food Hygiene School of Public Health Gansu University of Chinese Medicine

Postmenopausal women, who have reduced circulating estrogen levels, are more prone to develop obesity and related metabolic diseases than premenopausal women. The absence of safe and effective treatments for postmenopausal obesity has changed the focus to natural products as alternative remedies. Total salvianolic acids(TSA) are the major water-soluble ingredients of Danshen. Salvianolic acid(SA) is the major constituent of the TSA. Salvianolic acids, including TSA and SA, are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, ovariectomized rats and LO2 cells were used to study the effects of salvianolic acids on body weight gain and hepatic steatosis. Salvianolic acids reduced ovariectomy(OVX)-induced body weight gain, attenuated the expressions of hepatic lipogenic genes, such as sterol regulatory element binding protein(SREBP)1, fatty acid synthase(FAS), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)1, and decreased the liver triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC). For the molecular mechanisms, OVX and high glucose-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)-3 was inhibited by salvianolic acids treatment. In LO2 cells, inhibition of STAT-3 by siRNA attenuated the increased expression of SREBP1 and TG induced by high glucose. Salvianolic acids reduced the upregulation of SREBP1 and TG induced by high glucose in LO2 cells. In conclusion, these findings illustrated that salvianolic acids markedly alleviated the lipid metabolism disorders and protected against the postmenopausal obesity. The underlying mechanism was probably associated with the regulation of STAT-3 signaling.

关键词： Salvianolic acids Lipid metabolism Weight gain Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

A CO-ORDINATED APPROACH TOW ARDS HYGIENE IS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF food SAFETY

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食品科学 2002年第1期23卷 146-151页

作者： W.J.de Koe food and public health consultant The Netherlands

有关HACCP在茶叶质量分析中的应用以及荷兰商品法律有关草本植物的结合

关键词：茶叶质量分析 HACCP 应用食品安全

Toxic Effects of Atrazine on Reproductive System of Male Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期27卷 281-288页

作者： SONG Yang JIA Zhen Chao CHEN Jin Yao HU Jun Xiang ZHANG Li Shi Department of Nutrition and food Hygiene West China School of Public Health Sichuan University

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of Atrazine （ATZ） on the reproductive system of male rats. 〈br〉 Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ATZ by gavage at dosages of 0, 38.5, 77, and 154 mg/kg bw/day for 30 d. The toxic effects of ATZ to rats were assessed through histopathologcal observation, spermatozoa quality evaluation, testicular marker enzyme indicators, antioxidant capacity and reproductive hormone levels. Results Significant adverse effects on reproductive system were observed in rats exposed to ATZ at different dosages compared with 0 mg/kg group, including an irregular and disordered arrangement of the seminiferous epithelium in 154 mg/kg group;a decreased spermatozoa number and an increased spermatozoa abnormality rate in 77 and 154 mg/kg groups;decreased levels of acid phosphatase （ACP）, alkaline phosphatase （AKP）, lactic dehydrogenase （LDH）, and succinate dehydrogenase （SDH） with the increasing of ATZ concentration; a decreased level of total antioxidant capacity （TAC） in a dose-dependent manner, and a decreased reduced glutathione （GSH） level and an increased malondialdehyde （MDA） content in 154 mg/kg group;and decreased serum levels of testosterone （T） and inhibin-B （INH-B） and an increased serum level of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） in 77 and 154 mg/kg groups, and an increased serum level of luteinizing hormone （LH） in 154 mg/kg group. Conclusion These results suggested that relatively high doses of ATZ could exert reproductive toxicity of male rats.

关键词： Atrazine Reproductive toxicity Oxidative stress Endocrine disrupter

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and Its Indicators——Where Does health Fit in?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 150-155页

作者： Rishma Maini Lorcan Clarke Kevin Blanchard Virginia Murray public health Registrar in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England Research Analyst Intern in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England Senior Environmental Scientist in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England public health consultant in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England United Nations International Strategy for Disaster ReductionScientific and Technical Advisory Group Integrated Research on Disaster Risk Reduction Scientific Committee

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 recognizes the strong connection between health and disasters and promotes the concept of health resilience *** of the seven global targets stated in the Sendai Framework are directly related to health in terms of reducing disaster mortality,the number of affected people,disaster damage to critical infrastructure,and disruption of basic services such as health *** Sendai Framework also maintains close coordination with other United Nations landmark agreements relevant to health such as the Sustainable Development ***,the measurement of healthrelated indicators is *** arise,for example,in linking deaths to disasters because of the complex interplay between exposure,risk,vulnerability,and *** lack of a universal classification of disasters also means that recording of health data in disasters is not *** the guidelines to enable data onthe indicators to be collected and reported to support the Sendai targets requires detailed thinking,time,and consultation with a diverse range of *** collaboration and partnership will be vital to achieving success.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Global health targets health indicators Sendai Framework

Comparison of PBDE congener profiles and concentration levels in human specimens from China and the US and identification of human exposure sources

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第5期53卷 995-1002页

作者： SHE JianWen 1,SHE YiFan 2 &SONG WenLu 2 1 Biochemistry Section,Environmental health Laboratory Branch,California Department of public health,Richmond,CA 94804,USA 2Chemistry Section,food and Drug Laboratory Branch,California Department of public health,Richmond,CA 94804,USA Environmental health Laboratory Branch California Department of Public Health Biochemistry Section Richmond USA food and Drug Laboratory Branch California Department of Public Health Chemistry Section Richmond USA

In an effort to investigate the status of human exposure to PBDEs in China,available monitoring data in human specimens(including breast milk,serums,and blood) was collected from the general population as well as specific groups that are occupationally *** exposure profiles and concentration levels were compared with their counterparts in the United States of *** was found that PBDE burdens in general Chinese population are one order lower and have different congener profiles from that in the US,showing higher percentages of BDE-28 or BDE-153 in human specimens from *** and residents in electronic wastes recycling regions or areas of commercial PBDE manufacturing have the highest PBDE exposure levels reported worldwide,which are close or higher than the exposure levels of the general population in the US. Highly brominated congeners,such as BDE-207 and 209,are among the major PBDE congeners,and BDE-209 has the highest percentage(above 50%) for all occupational populations *** components analysis(PCA) demonstrates that the exposure of the general population in the US is closely related to penta-BDE while the human burden in China is *** PBDE in indoor air(gas phase) in the US is highly correlated with the PBDE burden in the general population in the US,indicating a major exposure *** the occupationally exposed populations in China,the congener profiles are closely related to the commercial deca-BDE *** of exposure profiles for general and occupational populations in China suggests that it is essential to include more highly brominated congeners,such as BDE-207 and 209,in future human exposure studies,in order to assess the real burdens and profiles of PBDEs exposure in *** pollution prevention and occupational protection procedures are in need in China to avoid the PBDE contamination problem that has occurred in the US.

关键词： human exposure PBDEs congener profiles concentration levels source source identification China and USA

Gut microbiota profile in healthy Indonesians

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第12期25卷 1478-1491页

作者： Endang Sutriswati Rahayu Tyas Utami Mariyatun Mariyatun Pratama Nur Hasan Rafli Zulfa Kamil Ryan Haryo Setyawan Fathyah Hanum Pamungkaningtyas IskANDar Azmy Harahap Devin Varian Wiryohanjoyo Putrika Citta Pramesi Muhammad Nur Cahyanto I Nengah Sujaya Mohammad Juffrie Department of food and Agricultural Technology Universitas Gadjah Mada Department of public health Udayana University Department of public health Universitas Gadjah Mada

BACKGROUND Recently, gut microbiota has been associated with various diseases other than intestinal disease. Thus, there has been rapid growth in the study of gut microbiota. Considering the numerous factors influencing gut microbiota such as age, diet, etc., area-based research is required. Indonesia has numerous different tribes and each of these tribes have different lifestyles. Hence, it is expected that each tribe has a specific gut microbiota. A deeper insight into the composition of gut microbiota can be used to determine the condition of gut microbiota in Indonesians and to consider which treatment may be suitable and effective to improve health *** To investigate the gut microbiota of Indonesian subjects represented by Javanese and Balinese tribes by analyzing fecal *** Fecal samples were collected from a total of 80 individuals with 20 in each of the young groups ranging from 25-45 years and the elderly group aged 70 years or more from two different regions, Yogyakarta and Bali. Fecal sample collection was performed at the end of the assessment period(day 14 ± 1 d) during which time the subjects were not allowed to consume probiotic or antibiotic *** quantification of various Clostridium subgroups, Lactobacillus subgroups,Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacteroides fragilis group and Prevotella,Bifidobacterium and Atopobium cluster, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas was performed using the Yakult intestinal flora-scan(YIF-SCAN).RESULTS The bacterial population in younger subjects' feces was higher than that in the elderly population, with a total of approximately 10.0 – 10.6 log10 bacterial cells/g feces. The most abundant bacteria in all groups were Clostridium, followed by Prevotella, Atopobium, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. In the elderly, an increase in Enterobacteriaceae, Coliform and Escherichia coli was found. In terms of bacterial counts in Yogyakarta, total bacteria, Clostridium coccoides(C. coccoides)

关键词： Gut microbiota Indonesian Elderly Young people Enterotype

Plasma Homocysteine and Gene Polymorphisms Associated with the Risk of Hyperlipidemia in Northern Chinese Subjects

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第6期21卷 514-520页

作者： LEI HUANG XIAO-MING SONG WEN-LI ZHU YONG LI Department of Nutrition and food Hygiene School of Public Health Peking University Beijing 100083 China

Objective To examine the relationship between occurrence of hyperlipidemia, plasma homocysteine and polymorphisms of methylenetetra hydrofolate reductase （MTHFR） gene and methionine synthase （MS） gene. Methods A total of 192 hyperlipidemia patients were selected and divided into hypercholesterolemia group, hypertriglyceridemia group, and combined hyperlipidemia group. Another 208 normal individuals were selected as control. Total plasma homocysteine （tHcy） concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Lipid profiles were measured for all subjects The polymorphisms of MTHFR gene C677T and MS gene A2756G were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results The tHcy concentration in the combined hyperlipidemia patients was significantly higher than that in the control （15.95μmol/L vs 13.43 μmol/L, P〈0.05）. The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia （HHcy） in the combined hyperlipidemia group was significantly higher than that in the control （42.2% vs 23.0%, P=0.015）, with the odds ratio （OR） of 3.339 （95%CI： 1.260-8.849）. The hyperlipidemia patients with HHcy had a higher concentration of total cholesterol （TC） than that in the normal tHcy patients （5.67±0.95 mmol/L vs 5.47±0.92 retool/L, P=0.034）. There was no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T between the hyperlipidemic and control groups. The hyperlipidemia patients with MTHFR CT/TT genotype had a higher concentration of triglyceride （TG） than those with CC genotype （2.24±1.75 mmol/L vs 1.87±0.95 mmol/L, P〈0.05）. Individuals with CT/TT genotype had a higher concentration of tHcy than those with 677CC genotype both in the hyperlipidemia group （12.61±1.24μmol/L vs 11.20±1.37 μmol/L, P〈0.05） and in the control group （14.04±1.48 μmol/L vs 12.61±1.24 μmol/L, P〈0.05）. The percentage of MS 2756 GG/AG genotype in the combined hyperlipidemia group was significantly higher than that in the control （26.7% vs 13.0%, P=0.012）, with the OR of 3.121 （95%C1： 1.288-7.65/）. The hyperlipid

关键词： Methylenetetra hydrofolate reductase Methionine synthase Gene polymorphism Homocysteine Hyperlipidemia

Water Extract of Rice False Smut Balls Activates Nrf2/HO-1 and Apoptosis Pathways,Causing Liver Injury

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Rice science 2023年第5期30卷 473-485,I0025-I0028页

作者： ZHANG Guomei LI Han LIU Shanshan ZHOU Xuming LU Mingyang TANG Liang SUN Lihua School of public health(food Science and Engineering) Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310013China

Ustiloxins are vital cyclopeptide mycotoxins originally isolated from rice false smut balls that form in rice spikelets infected by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea *** toxicity of the water extract of rice false smut balls(RBWE) remains to be *** have shown that RBWE may be toxic to animals,but toxicological evidence is still *** this study,we found that the IC50 values of RBWE to BNL CL.2 cells at 24 and 48 h were 40.02 and 30.11 μg/m L,respectively,with positive correlations with dose toxicity and time *** treatment with RBWE,the number of BNL CL.2 cells decreased significantly,and the morphology of BNL CL.2 cells showed atrophy and wall *** induced DNA presynthesis phase arrest of BNL CL.2 cells,increased the proportion of apoptotic cells and inhibited cell *** up-regulated reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels and lowered mitochondrial membrane ***,Western blot and q RT-PCR results suggested that RBWE exerted the above effects by promoting the Nrf2/HO-1 and caspase-induced apoptosis pathways in vitro and in *** contents of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,and total bile acids in the serum of mice from Institute of Cancer were significantly up-regulated by *** the same time,RBWE can lead to increases in ROS and malondialdehyde contents,decreases in contents of oxidized glutathione,glutathione and reduced glutathione,as well as decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in mouse liver tissues,demonstrating that oxidative stress occurred in ***,liver damage was further detected by haematoxylin-eosin staining and electron microscopy to verify the damage to the mice caused by *** general,RBWE may cause hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro via the apoptosis pathway,which provides a reference for hepatotoxicity and its mechanism of action.

关键词： water extract rice false smut ball ustiloxin liver injury Nrf2/HO-1 pathway apoptosis pathway