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Dietary supplementation of valine,isoleucine,and tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of excess leucine in diets for weanling pigs containing corn fermented protein

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 267-281页

作者： Andrea P.Mallea Charmaine D.Espinosa Su A Lee Minoy A.Cristobal Leidy J.Torrez‑Mendoza Hans H.Stein Division of nutritional sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Animal sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Present Address:EnviroFlight RaleighNCUSA.

Background Diets with high inclusion of corn co-products such as corn fermented protein(CFP)may contain excess Leu,which has a negative impact on feed intake and growth performance of pigs due to increased catabolism of Val and Ile and reduced availability of Trp in the brain for serotonin ***,we hypothesized that the negative effect of using CFP in diets for weanling pigs may be overcome if diets are fortified with crystalline sources of Val,Trp,and(or)*** Three hundred and twenty weanling pigs were randomly allotted to one of 10 dietary treatments in a com-pletely randomized design,with 4 pigs per pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment.A corn-soybean meal diet and 2 basal diets based on corn and 10%CFP or corn and 20%CFP were *** additional diets were formu-lated by fortifying the basal diet with 20%CFP with Ile,Trp,Val,Ile and Val,Ile and Trp,Trp and Val,or Ile,Trp and Val.A two-phase feeding program was used,with d 1 to 14 being phase 1 and d 15 to 28 being phase *** scores were recorded every other *** samples were collected on d 14 and 28 from one pig per *** d 14,fecal samples were collected from one pig per pen in 3 of the 10 treatments to determine volatile fatty acids,ammonium concen-tration,and microbial *** pigs were also euthanized and ileal tissue was *** There were no effects of dietary treatments on any of the parameters evaluated in phase *** of 10%or 20%CFP in diets reduced(P<0.05)final body weight on d 28,and average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)in phase 2 and for the entire experimental ***,pigs fed the CFP diet supplemented with Val,Ile,and Trp had final body weight,ADFI,ADG and gain to feed ratio in phase 2 and for the entire experiment that was not different from pigs fed the control *** scores in phase 2 were reduced(P<0.05)if CFP was *** Corn fermented protein may be included by up to 20%in diets for weanling pi

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Corn fermented protein Leucine Tryptophan Valine Weanling pigs

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An In-Depth Analysis of Bioactive Constituents， Biosynthetic Pathways， and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Angelica sinensis: Implications for Therapeutic Development

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food Science and Human Wellness 2025年

作者： Xiumin Zhang Lijun Fu Ruimei Zhang Li Liu Yongzheng Ma Na Zhang College of food Engineering， Harbin University of Commerce Beijing Academy of food sciences

Angelica sinensis， a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with the unique property of being both a medicine and an edible plant， has been widely used for promoting blood circulation， modulating immunity， and relieving pain. This review comprehensively investigates the extraction methods， structural characteristics， and biological activities of its primary bioactive components， such as polysaccharides， volatile oils， organic acids， and flavonoids. The biosynthesis pathways of these compounds， along with the key enzymes and transcription factors involved， are investigated to understand the factors influencing their synthesis and accumulation. Additionally， the biological activities of Angelica sinensis， including hepatoprotective， anti-inflammatory， immune-modulatory， anti-tumor， circulatory benefits， and neuroprotection， along with their underlying mechanisms. These findings provide a solid foundation for the development of Angelica sinensis as a valuable resource in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.

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Functional analysis of tomato MAP65 gene family, highlighting SlMAP65-1's role in fruit morphogenesis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第2期24卷 564-574页

作者： Peiyu Zhang Guoning Zhu Chunjiao Zhang Hongliang Zhu College of food Science and nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Supervision Inspection&Testing Center of Agricultural Products QualityMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

The plant growth process is accompanied by dynamic changes in the microtubules, and the rearrangement of microtubules is regulated by diverse microtubule-associated proteins(MAPs). Plant MAP65s have been exhaustively characterized in some species, but the information about MAP65 family members in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum) is limited. In this study, nine SlMAP65 family genes were identified in the tomato genome. Then a systematic analysis that considered the physio-chemical properties, evolution, conserved motifs, domains, gene structure, and cis-regulatory elements of SlMAP65 family members was conducted. The family member Sl MAP65-1,which had the highest expression, was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9. The tomato fruit of slmap65-1 loss of function lines showed an elongated morphology, and the data indicated that SlMAP65-1 is involved in fruit morphogenesis at the early fruit development stage. These results provide new insights for fruit morphogenesis-related research and future functional studies of the SlMAP65 family members in tomato.

关键词： tomato MAP65 family fruit shape microtubule organization

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Antibiotic exposure alters the honeybee gut microbiota and may interfere with the honeybee behavioral caste transition

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 260-276页

作者： Zijing Zhang Xiaohuan Mu Qina Cao Yifan Zhai Li Zheng Yan Liu Hao Zheng Xue Zhang Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyHebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-EnvironmentCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina College of food Science and nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBejingChina Institute of Plant Protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsJinanChina Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionChina AgriculturalUniversityBeijingChina

Behavioral division is essential for the sustainability and reproduction of honeybee *** accumulating evidence has documented that antibiotic exposure interferes with bee behavioral divisions,how the gut microbiome,host physiology,and genetic regulation are implicated in this process remains ***,by constructing single-cohort colonies,we validated that the gut microbiota varied in composition between age-matched nurse and forager *** the gut microbiota with a low dose of antibiotic retained the gut bacterial size,but the structure of the microbial community continuously diverged from the control group after antibiotic *** foragers were observed in the antibiotic groups in the field experiment.A combinatorial effect of decreased gut metabolic gene repertoires,reduced brain neurotransmitter titers,and downregulated brain immune genes could potentially be related to behavioral tasks transition *** work indicates that the disturbance to both the gut microbiome and host physiologies after antibiotic exposure may have implications on social behavior development,highlighting the need for further research focusing on antibiotic pollution threatening the honeybee population's health.

关键词： antibiotic resistance Apis mellifera behavioral development immune genes

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Isoleucine Enriched Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplement Improves Glucose and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy College-Age Males but Not in Females

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food and Nutrition sciences 2025年第1期16卷 137-152页

作者： Michael Dellogono Lyra Clark Mahdi Garelnabi Thomas A. Wilson Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA Department of Biomedical and nutritional sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA

Athletes often use branched-chain amino acid (BCAAs) supplements with a ratio of 2:1:1 (leucine:isoleucine:valine) for their impact on muscle building. Research suggests that by altering the ratio, an improvement in glucose metabolism might be possible. The purpose of this study was to examine how isoleucine would influence glucose tolerance. We recruited healthy male (n = 13) and female (n = 5) participants who were asked to fast for 12 hours before coming to the laboratory. A fasting blood sample was collected, followed by the subjects consuming a breakfast containing 113 g carbohydrates, 8 g protein, 1.5 g fat, and BCAA powder in the 2:1:1 ratio (Control) or BCAA powder enriched with Isoleucine (2:6:1), both added to orange juice. The opposite meal was consumed on a second visit one week apart. Blood was collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-meal. No differences were observed between the Control and Isoleucine for changes in serum glucose or insulin response when examining all subjects together. However, when comparing between genders, males tended to have a significantly lower serum glucose response compared to females when consuming the Isoleucine, with no difference between the genders when consuming the Control. Also, males had significantly lower serum glucose responses when consuming the Isoleucine compared to when they consumed the Control, while females had significantly higher serum glucose responses when consuming the Isoleucine compared to when they consumed the Control. In general, males tended to have a lower serum insulin response than females when consuming both the Control and the Isoleucine. Our study indicates a significant difference in the way genders respond to BCAA supplementation, where isoleucine may improve glucose tolerance and insulin response in males but not females.

关键词： Isoleucine Branched-Chain Amino Acids Glucose Tolerance Insulin

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Punicalagin alleviates hypercholesterolemia in mice through modulating farnesoid X receptor signaling and modulating gut microbiota

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food Science and Human Wellness 2025年第1期14卷 175-189页

作者： Huanhuan Liu Hongli Liu Chunhong Yan Jiaxiu Liu Yu Cao Guopeng Li Xiaodong Xia State Key Laboratory of Marine food Processing and Safety Control National Engineering Research Center of SeafoodSchool of Food Science and TechnologyDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian 116034China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for food Nutrition and Human Health College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Punicalagin has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,but whether and how it could impact hypercholesterolemia remains not fully *** aim of this study was to investigate the influence of punicalagin on hypercholesterolemia in mice and its related *** 6 weeks'intervention,punicalagin significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels in mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol(HFHC)***,punicalagin supplementation lowered hepatic cholesterol level,which corresponded to the down-regulation of cholesterol synthesis genes(Fdps,Cyp51)and up-regulated bile acid synthesis genes(Cyp7a1,Cyp27a1).In addition,bile acid reabsorption was retarded in punicalagin-fed mice through down-regulating ileal apical sodium-dependent BA transporter(ASBT).Furthermore,intestinal farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15(Fgf15)pathway was inhibited while hepatic FXR-small heterodimeric partner(SHP)pathway was activated in punicalagin *** analysis and targeted metabolomics showed that punicalagin decreased the abundance of bile-salt hydrolase(BSH)-producing bacteria(Clostridiaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae)and the ratio of primary BAs to secondary *** conclusion,the cholesterol-lowering effect of punicalagin partly through down-regulating cholesterol synthesis and increasing cholesterol catabolism,which could be achieved by regulating gut microbiota,altering bile acid composition and modulating FXR signaling *** findings indicate the potential application of punicalagin-related products as an alternative strategy for hypercholesterolemia prevention and mitigation.

关键词： Punicalagin Hypercholesterolemia Farnesoid X receptor Bile acid metabolism Gut microbiota

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A review on recent taxonomic updates of gut bacteria associated with social bees,with a curated genomic reference database

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 2-23页

作者： Chengfeng Yang Jiawei Hu Qinzhi Su Zijing Zhang Yating Du Jieni Wang Huihui Sun Benfeng Han Junbo Tang Lizhen Guo Hu Li Wanzhi Cai Hao Zheng Xin Zhou Xue Zhang Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University Hainan ProvinceChina College of food Science and nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Department of Geriatric DentistryPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijingChina Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina

Honeybees and bumblebees play a crucial role as essential *** special gut microbiome of social bees is a key factor in determining the overall fitness and health of the *** bees harbor relatively simple microbial communities at the genus level,recent studies have unveiled significant genetic divergence and variations in gene content within each bacterial ***,a comprehensive and refined genomics-based taxonomic database specific to social bee gut microbiomes remains ***,we first provided an overview of the current knowledge on the distribution and function of social bee gut bacteria,as well as the factors that influence the gut population *** then consolidated all available genomes of the gut bacteria of social bees and refined the species-level taxonomy,by constructing a maximum-likelihood core genome phylogeny and calculating genome-wide pairwise average nucleotide *** the basis of the refined species taxonomy,we constructed a curated genomic reference database,named the bee gut microbe genome sequence database(BGM-GDb).To evaluate the species-profiling performance of the curated BGM-GDb,we retrieved a series of bee gut metagenomic data and inferred the species-level composition using metagenomic intra-species diversity analysis system(MIDAS),and then compared the results with those obtained from a prebuilt MIDAS *** found that compared with the default database,the BGM-GDb excelled in aligned read counts and bacterial ***,this high-resolution and precise genomic reference database will facilitate research in understanding the gut community structure of social bees.

关键词： bacterial species BGM-GDb corbiculate bees gut microbiome phylogeny phylotype

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Metabolome and RNA-seq reveal discrepant metabolism and secretory metabolism profile in skeletal muscle between obese and lean pigs at different ages

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Science China Life sciences 2025年

作者： Liu Guo Junfei Xu Wenyue Zhou Sisi Chen Hanjing Shi Mengmeng Han Zekun Yang Yehui Duan Weijun Pang Yulong Yin Fengna Li Laboratory of Animal nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University College of Advanced Agricultural sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Metabolites and metabolism-related gene expression profiles in skeletal muscle change dramatically under obesity, aging and metabolic disease. Since obese and lean pigs are ideal models for metabolic research. Here, we compared metabolome and transcriptome of Longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle between Taoyuan black(TB, obese) and Duroc(lean) pigs at different ages. We defined the “window phase” of intramuscular fat(IMF) deposition in TB pig, which has significantly higher IMF than Duroc pig. Our results displayed discrepant lipid composition and different expression genes(DEGs) enriched in lipid metabolism, and both metabolome and transcriptome analyses revealed stronger energy expenditure and more active amino acid and protein metabolism in Duroc pig. 10 up-and 51 down-regulated biomarker metabolites with age-and breed-specificity were identified. Potential secretory metabolites, including organic acid(fumaric acid, succinate,malic acid, and gamma-aminobutyric acid), amino acid(L-lysine, and L-glutamic acid), lipid(2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, and L-carnitine) were demonstrated a significant correlation with IMF deposition. Our research highlights the huge difference of metabolic spectrum in skeletal muscle between obese and lean model and muscle-derived secretory metabolites might act as an ambassador of intercellular communication to regulate systematic metabolism.

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Dietary supplementation with citrus peel extract in transition period improves rumen microbial composition and ameliorates energy metabolism and lactation performance of dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 441-454页

作者： Lingxue Ju Qi Shao Zhiyuan Fang Erminio Trevisi Meng Chen Yuxiang Song Wenwen Gao Lin Lei Xinwei Li Guowen Liu Xiliang Du State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun 130062China Department of Animal sciences Food and NutritionFaculty of AgricultureFood and Environmental ScienceUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza 29122Italy

Background During the transition period,excessive negative energy balance(NEB)lead to metabolic disorders and reduced milk *** microbes are responsible for resolving plant material and producing volatile fatty acids(VFA),which are the primary energy source for *** this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of citrus peel extract(CPE)supplementation on rumen microbiota composition,energy metabolism and milk performance of peri-partum dairy *** Dairy cows were fed either a basal diet(CON group)or the same basal diet supplemented with CPE via intragastric administration(4 g/d,CPE group)for 6 weeks(3 weeks before and 3 weeks after calving;n=15 per group).Samples of serum,milk,rumen fluid,adipose tissue,and liver were collected to assess the effects of CPE on rumen microbiota composition,rumen fermentation parameters,milk performance,and energy metabolic status of dairy *** CPE supplementation led to an increase in milk yield,milk protein and lactose contents,and serum glucose levels,while reduced serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid,β-hydroxybutyric acid,insulin,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and haptoglobin during the first month of *** supplemen-tation also increased the content of ruminal *** to the CON group,the abundance of Prevotellaceae,Methanobacteriaceae,Bacteroidales_RF16_group,and Selenomonadaceae was found increased,while the abun-dance of Oscillospiraceae,F082,Ruminococcaceae,Christensenellaceae,Muribaculaceae UCG-011,Saccharimona-daceae,Hungateiclostridiaceae,and Spirochaetaceae in the CPE group was found *** adipose tissue,CPE supplementation decreased lipolysis,and inflammatory response,while increased insulin *** the liver,CPE supplementation decreased lipid accumulation,increased insulin sensitivity,and upregulated expression of genes involved in *** Our findings suggest that CPE supplementation during the peripartum period

关键词： Adipose tissue Citrus peel extract Energy metabolism Liver Rumen microbiota

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Sea cucumber intestinal hydrolysates alleviate insulin resistance through regulating IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway mediated by glutamine metabolism in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced mice

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food Science and Human Wellness 2025年

作者： Meng Wang Man Yao Hao Yue Yingying Tian Zifang Zhao Changhu Xue Tiantian Zhang Yuming Wang SKL of Marine food Processing & Safety Control， College of food Science and Engineering， Ocean University of China Institute of food & Nutrition Science and Technology， Shandong Academy of Agricultural sciences Hainan Huayan Collagen Technology Co. Sanya Institute of Oceanography， Ocean University of China

It has been reported that sea cucumber intestine hydrolysates (SCIH) could promote glutamine metabolism in mice， while there is a close connection between glutamine metabolism and insulin sensitivity. However， the effect of SCIH on insulin resistance is still unclear. The results showed that SCIH hydrolyzed by flavor protease had significant activity using the insulin-induced HepG2 cell model. Animal experiments exhibited that SCIH supplementation significantly improved the high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced impaired glucose tolerance， reduced fasting serum glucose and glycosylated serum protein. Besides， SCIH ameliorated islet vacuolization and decreased the pancreas TNF-α and IL-6 by 32.1% and 36.2%， respectively. Immunofluorescence staining results showed that SCIH promoted insulin secretion. Interestingly， SCIH significantly increased the liver glutamine levels and upregulated the expression of glutaminase1 (GLS1) and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1). Furthermore， SCIH increased liver acetyl-CoA levels to enhance histone acetylation and activate the gene transcription and translation on glucose metabolism-related IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway， thereby attenuating insulin resistance. The present findings proposed the potential value for developing functional foods in SCIH utilization.

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