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A systematic review of climate change impacts,adaptation strategies,and policy development in West Africa

Regional Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 13-25页

作者： Camillus Abawiera WONGNAA Alex Amoah SEYRAM Suresh BABU Department of Agricultural Economics Agribusiness and ExtensionKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi00233Ghana International food Policy Research Institute Washington20005USA

Climate change studies are diverse with no single study giving a comprehensive review of climate change impacts,adaptation strategies,and policy development in West *** unavailability of an all-inclusive study to serve as a guide for practitioners affects the effectiveness of climate change adaptation strategies proposed and adopted in the West African *** purpose of this study was to review the impacts of climate change risks on the crop,fishery,and livestock sectors,as well as the climate change adaptation strategies and climate-related policies aimed at helping to build resilient agricultural production systems in West *** review process followed a series of rigorous stages until the final selection of 56 articles published from 2009 to ***,the results highlighted the adverse effects of climate change risks on food *** found a continuous decline in food crop ***,the livestock sector experienced morbidity and mortality,as well as reduction in meat and milk *** fishery sector recorded loss of fingerlings,reduction in fish stocks,and destruction of mariculture and *** West Africa,climate-smart agriculture technologies,physical protection of fishing,and inclusion of gender perspectives in programs appear to be the major adaptation *** study therefore recommends the inclusion of ecosystem and biodiversity restoration,weather insurance,replacement of unsafe vessels,and strengthening gender equality in all climate change mitigation programs,as these will help to secure enough food for present and future generations.

关键词： Climate change Climate extreme events food security Adaptation strategies Climate-smart agriculture West Africa

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Milling degree affects the fermentation properties of rice:perspectives from the composition of nutrients and gut microbiota via in vitro fermentation

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food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1578-1588页

作者： Yu Zhang Fan Li Shutong Pan Bing Bai Kai Huang Sen Li Hongwei Cao Tian Xie Jian Xie Xiao Guan School of Health Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China National Grain Industry(Urban Grain and Oil security)Technology Innovation Center Shanghai 200093China Nutrition&Health Research Institute Co.Ltd. COFCO CorporationBeijing 102209China China Grain Wuhan Scientific Research&Design Institute Co.Ltd. Wuhan 430079China

Fermentation substrates of rice with different milling degrees(MDs) were prepared and fermented with human feces to compare their fermentation properties and effects on gut *** 0s,MD 5s and MD 60s represented brown rice,moderately-milled rice and white rice,*** in vitro fermentation,the MD 5s group showed higher starch utilization,compared with the MD 0s and 60s groups evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,and confocal laser scanning *** of fermentation substrates of rice with different MDs on gut microbiota were evaluated by 16S rDNA *** the sample groups reduced the pH and produced short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty *** MD 5s group exhibited higher α-diversity than the MD 0s and 60s *** of Phascolarctobacterium,Blautia and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae were higher in the MD 0s and 5s groups,compared with the MD 60s *** bacteria were also positively correlated with the SCFAs production via Spearman correlation *** vitro culture assay revealed that fermentation substrates of MD 0s and 5s promoted the growth of two probiotics(Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium adolescentis).Our results showed that moderate milling might be an appropriate way to produce rice products with richer nutrients and better fermentation properties.

关键词： Rice processing Milling Whole grains Gut microbiota

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Resilience effects for household food expenditure and dietary diversity in rural western China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 384-396页

作者： Xiao Han Kaiyu Lyu Fengying Nie Yuquan Chen Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Academy of Global food Economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

A more resilient livelihood is increasingly recognized as an efficient way to improve vulnerable households’food security and optimize their dietary *** study quantifies rural household resilience in western China,identifies the three pillars(absorptive capacity,adaptive capacity,and transformative capacity)contribution to resilience,and then establishes the estimated Resilience Capacity Index(RCI)linked with food security and dietary diversity supported by the multiple indicator multiple cause(MIMIC)*** show that,despite geographical heterogeneity,the RCI consistently increased from 2015 to *** with a higher RCI inheriting better capacity to deal with risk and shocks are significantly and positively correlated with increasing food expenditure and diversifying food *** can be because resilient households will allocate more money to food expenditure instead of saving for livelihood ***,policymakers can provide more incentives for rural households to adopt more dynamic and effective risk management ***,in turn,could yield positive spillover effects by preventing human capital loss associated with dietary-related chronic diseases and mortality.

关键词： resilience food expenditure dietary diversity China risk management

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Transcriptional Regulation of Expression of the Maize Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 7 Gene (ZmALDH7B6) in Response to Abiotic Stresses

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第9期13卷 1900-1908页

作者： AN Xia DUAN Feng-ying GUO Song CHEN Fan-jun YUAN Li-xing GU Ri-liang Department of Plant Nutrition Center for ResourcesEnvironment and Food SecurityChina Agricultural University

Aldehyde dehydrogenases（ALDHs） represent a large protein family, which includes several members that catalyze the oxidation of an aldehyde to its corresponding carboxylic acid in plants. Genes encoding members of the ALDH7 subfamily have been suggested to play important roles in various stress adaptations in plants. In this study, quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that a maize ALDH7 subfamily member（ZmALDH7B6） was constitutively expressed in various organs, including roots, leaves, immature ears, tassels, and developing seeds. The abundance of ZmALDH7B6 mRNA transcripts in maize roots was increased by ammonium, NaCl, and mannitol treatments. To further analyze tissue-specific and stress-induced expression patterns, the 1.5-kb 5′-flanking ZmALDH7B6 promoter region was fused to the β-glucuronidase（GUS） reporter gene and introduced into maize plants. In roots of independent transgenic lines, there was significant induction of GUS activity in response to ammonium supply, confirming ammonium-dependent expression of ZmALDH7B6 at the transcript level. Histochemical staining showed that GUS activity driven by the ZmALDH7B6 promoter was mainly localized in the vascular tissues of maize roots. These results suggested that ZmALDH7B6 is induced by multiple environmental stresses in maize roots, and may play a role in detoxifying aldehydes, particularly in vascular tissue.

关键词： abiotic stress aldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression promoter transgenic maize

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A dual-RPA based lateral flow strip for sensitive,on-site detection of CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab/Ac genes in genetically modified crops

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food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 183-190页

作者： Jinbin Wang Yu Wang Xiuwen Hu Yifan Chen Wei Jiang Xiaofeng Liu Juan Liu Lemei Zhu Haijuan Zeng Hua Liu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding Institute of Biotechnology ResearchShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 201106China Crops Ecological Environment security Inspection and Supervision Center(Shanghai) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghai 201106China School of Life Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China School of Public Health Changsha Medical UniversityChangsha 410219China Academician Workstation Changsha Medical UniversityChangsha 410219China

Traditional transgenic detection methods require high test conditions and struggle to be both sensitive and *** this study,a one-tube dual recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)reaction system for CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab/Ac was proposed and combined with a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay,named“Dual-RPA-LFD”,to visualize the dual detection of genetically modified(GM)*** which,the herbicide tolerance gene CP4-EPSPS and the insect resistance gene Cry1Ab/Ac were selected as targets taking into account the current status of the most widespread application of insect resistance and herbicide tolerance traits and their stacked *** diluted plasmids,transgenic standards,and actual samples were used as templates to conduct sensitivity,specificity,and practicality assays,*** constructed method achieved the visual detection of plasmid at levels as low as 100 copies,demonstrating its high *** addition,good applicability to transgenic samples was observed,with no cross-interference between two test lines and no influence from other *** conclusion,this strategy achieved the expected purpose of simultaneous detection of the two popular targets in GM crops within 20 min at 37°C in a rapid,equipmentfree field manner,providing a new alternative for rapid screening for transgenic assays in the field.

关键词： Genetically modifi ed crops On-site detection Lateral fl ow test strips Dual recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)

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Making More food Available:Promoting Sustainable Agricultural Production

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第1期11卷 1-8页

作者： Rudy Rabbinge Prem S Bindraban food security and Sustainable Development ISRIC-World Soil Information Plant Research International

During the 20th century food availability worldwide has increased considerably. The increase in population was outnumbered by the productivity increase in agriculture mainly by higher yields per ha. Globally there is more food available per person than ever before. In the coming decades the world population will further increase and diets will change requiring a doubling of plant production worldwide by 2050. Especially the increase in demand will be substantial in Asia and snb-Saharan Africa.

关键词： DEFORESTATION SYSTEMS ENERGY INPUT

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China's meat and grain imports during 2000–2012 and beyond: A comparative perspective

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1101-1114页

作者： YU Wu-sheng CAO Li-juan Department of food and Resource Economics University of Copenhagen College of Economics and Management Nanjing Agricultural University China Center for food security Research Nanjing Agricultural Universtiy

This paper provides a review on China＇s meat trade for the 2000–2012 period and discusses its future development, with reference to China＇s grain trade. With marginal decreases in meat exports and slight increases in their imports, China＇s net imports of major meat products（including pork, beef, mutton and poultry but excluding meat offal） were just below 1 million tons in 2012, dwarfed by China＇s net imports of grains which reached 66.7 million tons in the same year. This slow growth in meat trade seems to contradict earlier expectations on increasing meat demand and imports, based upon projected shifts in consumption patterns driven by rapid per capita income growth. Several plausible explanations of this paradoxical trade pattern are offered, including mass imports of feed grains, persistent（but shrinking） gaps between Chinese and international meat prices, tariff barriers, and non-tariff measures. In the near future China may not be able to maintain such a lower profile on the world meat markets, as per capita income is projected to continue to rise and domestic production cost advantages erode due to rising labor costs. A model-based projection exercise indicates that under plausible assumptions China＇s meat imports may rise sharply by 2030.

关键词： imports and beyond tariff prices capita income excluding earlier projection quota

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Technical and environmental efficiency of hog production in China—A stochastic frontier production function analysis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1069-1080页

作者： ZHOU Ying-heng ZHANG Xiao-heng TIAN Xu GENG Xian-hui ZHANG Peng YAN Bin-jian College of Economics and Management Nanjing Agricultural University China Center for food security Studies Nanjing Agricultural University

This article analyses the technical and environmental efficiency of hog production in China using data from the China Agricultural Product Cost-Benefit Compilation（NDRC 2005–2013） and the First National Census of Pollution： Manual of Discharge Coefficient of Livestock and Poultry Industry（IEDA and NIES 2009）. The empirical results show a great variation in environmental efficiency, ranging from 0.344 to 0.973 with a mean value of 0.672 that declines over time. Southwest China is found to be the most environmentally efficient region, while the Northeast and the Northwest are the least efficient. Another finding is that technical and environmental efficiencies are highly correlated in hog production; the most environmentally efficient regions are usually found to have high technical efficiency, and vice versa. In addition, we computed the output elasticities with respect to each factor input. The results show that feed is the most efficient input, with an output elasticity of approximately 0.551, which is much higher than the elasticity of the nitrogen surplus, other capital or labour. The output elasticity with respect to the nitrogen surplus is 0.287 on average. Finally, the scale elasticity in hog production is slightly higher than 1.

关键词： frontier surplus elasticity Northeast stochastic Census Northwest finding technological producer

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Varietal Differences in Plant Growth, Phosphorus Uptake and Yield Formation in Two Maize Inbred Lines Grown Under Field Conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第10期11卷 1738-1743页

作者： CHEN Fan-jun LIU Xiang-sheng MI Guo-hua Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of Education/Center for Resources Environment and Food Security China Agricultural University

Selection for phosphorus （P）-efficient genotypes and investigation of physiological mechanisms for P-use efficiency in maize has mainly been conducted at the seedling stage under controlled greenhouse conditions. Few studies have analyzed characteristics of plant growth and yield formation in response to low-P stress over the whore growth period under field conditions. In the present study, two maize inbred lines with contrasting yield performances under low-P stress in the field were used to compare plant growth, P uptake and translocation, and yield formation. Phosphorus accumulation in the P-efficient line 154 was similar to that of line 153 under high-P. Under low-P, however, P uptake in line 154 was three times greater than that in line 153. Correspondingly, P-efficient line 154 had a significantly higher yield than P-inefficient line 153 under low-P conditions （Olsen-P=1.60 mg kg-1）, but not under high-P conditions （Olsen-P=14.98 mg kg-1）. The yield difference was mainly due to differences in the number of ears per m2, that is, P-efficient line 154 formed many more ears under low-P conditions than P-inefficient line 153. Ear abortion rate was 53% in the P-inefficient line 153, while in line 154, it was only 30%. Low-P stress reduced leaf appearance, and delayed anthesis and the silking stage, but increased the anthesis-silking interval （ASI） to a similar extent in both lines. The maximum leaf area per plant at silking stage was higher in P-efficient line 154 than in P-inefficient line 153 under both P conditions. It is concluded that low-P stress causes intense intraspecific competition for limited P resources in the field condition which gives rise to plant-to- plant non-uniformity, resulting in a higher proportion of barren plants. As soon as an ear was formed in the plant, P in the plant is efficiently reutilized for kernel development.

关键词： ear abortion leaf growth low phosphorus maize phosphorus uptake

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Resident rhizosphere microbiome's ecological dynamics and conservation:Towards achieving the envisioned Sustainable Development Goals,a review

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第1期9卷 127-142页

作者： Oluwadara Pelumi Omotayo Olubukola Oluranti Babalola food security and Safety Niche Faculty of Natural and Agricultural ScienceNorth-West UniversityMmabatho2735South Africa

The role of the rhizosphere microbiome remain crucial to human existence and can therefore not be over-looked,particularly with respect to plant growth,development and *** rhizosphere is the'home'for several genes,some of which are responsible for the various trait and features exhibited by *** microbes have been identified to inhabit the rhizosphere,some of which are the proteobacteria,nitrogen fixing bacteria,plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,mycorrhizal and myco-parasitic ***,chemical compounds such as amino acids(crystathionine and homoserine),which inhibits nematodes,carbohydrates(fructose),which enhance the growth of microorganisms,and sterols(sitosterol),which regulate plant growth,reside in the plant *** factors con-tributes to the existence and survival of these microbes,one being good agricultural practices,as some farming techniques negatively affects the soil microbial *** study therefore focused on the agricultural and health importance of the soil organisms,as well as the various techniques that can be employed to maintain the rhizosphere microbiome,despite the rise and intensification of various harmful land use *** will enable a better understanding of the soil rhizosphere conservation,restoration and sustainable use,specifically of degraded *** will avoid depleting or alternating the soil microbial content while aiming to ensure a healthy ecosystem,biodiversity,maximal crop produc-tivity,food security and all round sustainability,as targeted by the United Nation's Sustainable De-velopments Goals.

关键词： food security Land use activity Soil microbial community Soil degradation Sustainable agriculture

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