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Impact of cattle density on the structure and natural regeneration of a turkey oak stand on an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 168-182页

作者： Alessandra Pacini Francesco Pelleri Francesco Marini Alberto Maltoni Barbara Mariotti Gianluigi Mazza Maria Chiara Manetti Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironmentand ForestryUniversity of Florence50144 FlorenceItaly CREA Research Centre for Forestry and Wood 52100 ArezzoItaly PEFC programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification 06135 PerugiaItaly

On an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy where Maremmana cattle graze in Turkey oak forests,we evaluated the impact of different livestock densities on stand structure,tree diversity and natural regeneration in four types of grazed areas based on the grazing regime adopted:calf-grazed,high-intensity-grazed,low-intensity-grazed,ungrazed control.For each area,we set up three permanent circular plots(radius of 15 m)to survey the structural and dasometric characteristics of the overstorey,understorey,and regeneration layer.The results showed that grazing negatively affected the complexity of the forest structure and its potential to regenerate and maintain a high level of biodiversity.The differences in stand structure observed between the grazing areas were closely related to livestock density.The most sensitive components of the system were the understorey and the regeneration layers.Contrarily,the current grazing management did not affect the dominant tree structure or its composition.Our findings identified medium-term monitoring and regeneration management as the two significant aspects to consider when assessing sustainable livestock.New forests can be established by excluding graz-ing for about 20–25 years.

关键词： Agroforestry Stand structure Regeneration Tree biodiversity Grazing intensity

Anti-methanogenic potential of seaweeds and seaweed-derived compounds in ruminant feed:current perspectives,risks and future prospects

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 463-489页

作者： Ailbhe McGurrin Julie Maguire Brijesh K.Tiwari Marco Garcia-Vaquero Section of food and Nutrition School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublin 4BelfieldIreland TEAGASC Food Research CentreDublin 15AshtownIreland Bantry Marine Research Station Ltd BantryCo.CorkP75 AX07GearhiesIreland

With methane emissions from ruminant agriculture contributing 17%of total methane emissions worldwide,there is increasing urgency to develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this sector.One of the proposed strategies is ruminant feed intervention studies focused on the inclusion of anti-methanogenic compounds which are those capable of interacting with the rumen microbiome,reducing the capacity of ruminal microorganisms to produce methane.Recently,seaweeds have been investigated for their ability to reduce methane in ruminants in vitro and in vivo,with the greatest methane abatement reported when using the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis(attributed to the bromoform content of this species).From the literature analysis in this study,levels of up to 99%reduction in ruminant methane emissions have been reported from inclusion of this seaweed in animal feed,although further in vivo and microbiome studies are required to confirm these results as other reports showed no effect on methane emission resulting from the inclusion of seaweed to basal feed.This review explores the current state of research aiming to integrate seaweeds as anti-methanogenic feed additives,as well as examining the specific bioactive compounds within seaweeds that are likely to be related to these effects.The effects of the inclusion of seaweeds on the ruminal microbiome are also reviewed,as well as the future challenges when considering the largescale inclusion of seaweeds into ruminant diets as anti-methanogenic agents.

关键词： Asparagopsis Bromoform Methanogenesis Phlorotannin Saponin Tannin

Salt reduction in cured meat products: A review on strategies and mechanisms

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food science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Qi Chen Jinxuan Cao Wenhai She Weidong Bai Xiaofang Zeng Hao Dong School of food and Health Beijing technology and Business University Guangzhou Luxu food Ltd. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty food science and technology Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty food Ministry of Agriculture College of Light Industry and food sciences Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering

Sodium chloride is one of the most widely used additives in meat curing. However， cured meat products contribute to a portion of the total sodium dietary intake. Consumers and researchers’ concern about excessive sodium intake has prompted the food industry to consider ways to reduce salt content of cured meat products. The aim of this review is to provide a broad but comprehensive understanding of salt reduction strategies for cured meat products. The impact and limitations of each approach were discussed. Green technologies treatments， such as ultrasonic technology， high-pressure processing， seem to be potential to ensure microbiological safety in low-sodium cured meat products. However， these novel technologies can cause protein and fat oxidization in meat products. A combination of multiple treatments could give the desired effect. In addition， different parameter conditions need to be set according to the specific meat to achieve better salt reduction effect.

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Reveal the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanism of an edible medicinal plant Rhodiola crenulate in DSS-induced colitis through plasma pharmacochemistry and metabolomics

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food science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2116-2131页

作者： Yu Peng Xiaoao Xiao Tingting Ji Xinyuan Wang Yixuan Xu Jianbo Xiao Hui Cao Zhiyong Chen Huifan Liu Yuanqing Gao Hongxun Tao Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China School of food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Analytical Chemistry and food science Faculty of ScienceUniversity of VigoVigo 36310Spain CISPAC Fontan BuildingCity of CultureSantiago de Compostela 15707Spain Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xi'an 710003China Guangdong Key Laboratory of science and technology of Lingnan Specialty food Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou 510550China State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu 610075China

Rhodiola crenulate is the edible medicinal herbal medicine widely used for altitude sickness in China.Interestingly,our previous work has found that R.crenulate extract(RCE)could significantly improve the pathology associated with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.Thus,the current research aims to reveal the pharmacodynamic material basis of RCE,as well as its mechanism against colitis.The chemical characterization of RCE was performed by UHPLC-HR-MS,through which a total of 88 constituents were identified.Meanwhile,our results also found 29 constituents absorbed into blood and 8 metabolized absorbable compounds.The decreased flavonoids prototype and the elevated sulfated products of phenols were observed under pathophysiological conditions of colitis.The metabolomics study revealed that colitis caused the alternation of fatty acid metabolism,steroid hormone biosynthesis and bile acid metabolism.Correspondingly,RCE could prevent colitis by improving fatty acid metabolism and secondary bile acid metabolism.

关键词： Rhodiola crenulate Colitis Chemical characterization Plasma pharmacochemistry Metabolomics

The in vitro digestion fates of diacylglycerol under different intestinal conditions:a potential lipid source for lipid indigestion patients

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food science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 1079-1092页

作者： Qingqing Xu Weifei Wang Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse Qian Zou Menglei Yan Xuan Liu Dongming Lan Yonghua Wang School of food science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510610China School of Chemical sciences The University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019New Zealand Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-manufacturing Co. Ltd.Foshan 528200China

The in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal(GI)tract of general population and lipid indigestion patients(with lower levels of bile salts or pancreatic lipase)were selected to investigate whether diacylglycerols(DAGs)are potential good lipid sources for these patients.Linseed oil-based DAG(LD)and linseed oil(LT)were selected.LD-based emulsion((83.74±1.23)%)had higher lipolysis degree than LT-based emulsion((74.47±1.16)%)when monitoring the GI tract of normal population as previously reported.Indigestion conditions seriously decreased the digestive degree of LT-based emulsion((40.23±2.48)%-(66.50±3.70)%)while showed less influence on LD-based emulsion((64.18±2.41)%-(81.85±3.45)%).As opposed to LT-based emulsion,LD-based emulsion exhibited preference for releasing unsaturated fatty acids(especially oleic acid andα-linolenic acid)due to their different glycerolipid compositions.LD-based emulsion showed potential for providing lipids and nutrients(including essential fatty acids)for lipid indigestion patients.

关键词： Diacylglycerol In vitro digestion Lipolysis level Cholestatic Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Effective protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin and corresponding detoxification mechanisms: A narrative review

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 251-266页

作者： Pengju Wang Lv-hui Sun Xu Wang Qinghua Wu Aimei Liu Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy Medicine Research Institute Xianning Medical College Hubei University of Science and Technology Hubei Hongshan Laboratory College of Animal Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues Huazhong Agricultural University College of Life science Yangtze University

T-2 toxin is one of the most widespread and toxic fungal toxins in food and feed. It can cause gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is physicochemically stable and does not readily degrade during food and feed processing. Therefore, suppressing T-2 toxin-induced organ toxicity through antidotes is an urgent issue. Protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin have been recorded widely in the literature, but these protective agents and their molecular mechanisms of detoxification have not been comprehensively summarized. In this review, we provide an overview of the various protective agents to T-2 toxin and the molecular mechanisms underlying the detoxification effects. Targeting appropriate targets to antagonize T-2 toxin toxicity is also an important option. This review will provide essential guidance and strategies for the better application and development of T-2 toxin antidotes specific for organ toxicity in the future.

关键词： T-2 toxin Organ toxicity Protective agent Detoxification mechanism

Recent advances in probiotics oral delivery systems targeting the inflammatory bowel disease: Types， mechanisms and perspectives

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food science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Yaxin Yin Xiaoqun Zeng Zhen Wu Qiwei Du Tao Zhang Daodong Pan Ming Du Maolin Tu State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Ningbo University Key Laboratory of Animal Protein food Deep Processing technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition College of food science and Engineering Ningbo University School of food science and technology National Engineering Research Center of Seafood Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing Dalian Polytechnic University

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) influences several million people around the globe， with a high prevalence in North America and Europe. Results from the studies about host-gut microbial interactions demonstrated that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of IBD， and probiotics can significantly improve microflora dysbiosis and inflammatory response caused by intestinal pathogens. However， several limitations existed for the probiotics delivered to the intestine in the free form (non-encapsulated)， such as low pH and diverse digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract， etc. To overcome the problems， several probiotic delivery systems were established and verified with effects. Here， the types and applications of probiotics in animal models and clinical studies are firstly reviewed in this paper. Subsequently， various types of probiotic delivery systems are elaborated， containing the well-known microcapsules and hydrogel delivery systems， and the engineered probiotic delivery systems are also introduced. Furthermore， mechanism of action associated with probiotics are illustrated， including maintaining gut microbiota barrier balance， modulating the immune response， and alleviating oxidative stress， etc. Finally， we discussed the relative advantages and disadvantages of different encapsulation methods， as well as future trends for further development of probiotic delivery systems with health benefits.

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Foraging valor linked with aggression:selection against completely abandoning aggression in the high-elevation ant Tetramorium alpestre?

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Insect science 2024年第3期31卷 953-970页

作者： Marie-Luise Contala Patrick Krapf Florian M.Steiner Birgit C.Schlick-Steiner Molecular Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversitat InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria rganismal&Evolutionary Biology Research programme University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Aggression has multiple benefits and is often coupled with other behaviors("behavioral syndromes").The level of aggressiveness is influenced by an adaptive benefit-cost ratio suggesting that benefits should outweigh the costs of aggression.Here,we assess if several behaviors are coupled in two behaviorally different populations(aggressive,peaceful)of the high-elevation ant Tetramorium alpestre.For three weeks,we collected colony fragments and analyzed boldness,exploring,foraging,and risk-taking behaviors.We hypothesized that the aggressive population is bolder,more explorative and risk-prone,and forages more food than the peaceful population.To test whether(a)the combination of experiments and parameters used yields a good setup,(b)populations differ behaviorally,and(c)populations display behavioral syndromes,we assessed(a)the frequency of repeatable behaviors of each experiment,(b)the behavioral means among populations,and(c)the behavioral repeatability,respectively.We found that(a)boldness and exploring were most repeatable and represent a good experimental setup,(b)the aggressive population was bolder and more explorative and risk-prone than the peaceful population,(c)boldness and exploring behaviors were highly repeatable in both populations,thus corroborating our hypothesis.The results suggest that boldness,exploring,and risk-taking but not foraging are presumably coupled with aggression and indicate the presence of behavioral syndromes in this ant.Under specific ecological conditions,aggression may be coupled with other behaviors and important for finding food.Aggression is probably adaptive in T.alpestre,possibly indicating that selection favors aggression at least partially,which may counteract the complete loss of intraspecific aggression.

关键词： adaptive value behavioral syndromes boldness exploration repeatability trade-off

Diversity and connectedness of brine shrimp viruses in global hypersaline ecosystems

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science China(Life sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 188-203页

作者： Xuan Dong Cixiu Li Yiting Wang Tao Hu Fan Zhang Fanzeng Meng Meirong Gao Xuekai Han Guohao Wang Jiahao Qin Hans Nauwynck Edward CHolmes Patrick Sorgeloos Liying Sui Jie Huang Weifeng Shi State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods Yellow Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesLaboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production ProcessesLaoshan LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease ControlMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsQingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and BiosecurityQingdao 266071China Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan 250021China Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaian 271000China Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023China Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyTianjin 300457China Ghent University Ghent 9000Belgium Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydney 2006Australia Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific Bangkok 10900Thailand School of Public Health Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117China

Brine shrimp(Artemia)has existed on Earth for 400 million years and has major ecological importance in hypersaline ecosystems.As a crucial live food in aquaculture,brine shrimp cysts have become one of the most important aquatic products traded worldwide.However,our understanding of the biodiversity,prevalence and global connectedness of viruses in brine shrimp is still very limited.A total of 143 batches of brine shrimp(belonging to seven species)cysts were collected from six continents including 21 countries and more than 100 geographic locations worldwide during 1977–2019.In total,55 novel RNA viruses were identified,which could be assigned to 18 different viral families and related clades.Eleven viruses were dsRNA viruses,16 were+ssRNA viruses,and 28 were−ssRNA viruses.Phylogenetic analyses of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase(RdRp)showed that brine shrimp viruses were often grouped with viruses isolated from other invertebrates and fungi.Remarkably,most brine shrimp viruses were related to those from different hosts that might feed on brine shrimp or share the same ecological niche.A notable case was the novel brine shrimp noda-like virus 3,which shared 79.25%(RdRp)and 63.88%(capsid proteins)amino acid identity with covert mortality nodavirus(CMNV)that may cause losses in aquaculture.In addition,both virome composition and phylogenetic analyses revealed global connectedness in certain brine shrimp viruses,particularly among Asia and Northern America.This highlights the incredible species diversity of viruses in these ancient species and provides essential data for the prevalence of RNA viruses in the global aquaculture industry.More broadly,these findings provide novel insights into the previously unrecognized RNA virosphere in hypersaline ecosystems worldwide and demonstrate that human activity might have driven the global connectedness of brine shrimp viruses.

关键词： brine shrimp Artemia virus diversity novel virus discovery global connectedness hypersaline ecosystem