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Trends of Yield and Soil Fertility in a Long-Term Wheat-Maize System

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 402-414页

作者： YANG Xue-yun SUN Ben-hua ZHANG Shu-lan State Key laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming Northwest A&F University Key laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China Ministry of Agriculture/Northwest A&F University

The sustainability of the wheat-maize rotation is important to China＇s food security. Intensive cropping without recycling crop residues or other organic inputs results in the loss of soil organic matter （SOM） and nutrients, and is assumed to be non- sustainable. We evaluated the effects of nine different treatments on yields, nitrogen use efficiency, P and K balances, and soil fertility in a wheat-maize rotation system （1991-2010） on silt clay loam in Shaanxi, China. The treatments involved the application of recommended dose of nitrogen （N）, nitrogen and phosphorus （NP）, nitrogen and potassium （NK）, phosphorus and potassium （PK）, combined NPK, wheat or maize straw （S） with NPK （SNPK）, or dairy manure （M） with NPK （M1NPK and M2NPK）, along with an un-treated control treatment （CK）. The mean yields of wheat and maize ranged from 992 and 2 235 kg ha-1 under CK to 5 962 and 6 894 kg ha-1 under M2NPK treatment, respectively. Treatments in which either N or P was omitted （N, NK and PK） gave significantly lower crop yields than those in which both were applied. The crop yields obtained under NP, NPK and SNPK treatments were statistically identical, as were those obtained under SNPK and MNPK. However, M2NPK gave a significant higher wheat yield than NP, and MNPK gave significant higher maize yield than both NP and NPK. Wheat yields increased significantly （by 86 to 155 kg ha-1 yr-1） in treatments where NP was applied, but maize yields did not. In general, the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat was the highest under the NP and NPK treatments; for maize, it was the highest under MNPK treatment. The P balance was highly positive under MNPK treatment, increasing by 136 to 213 kg ha-1 annually. While the K balance was negative in most treatments, ranging from 31 to 217 kg ha^-1 yr^-1, levels of soil available K remained unchanged or increased over the 20 yr. SOM levels increased significantly in all treatments. Overall, the results indicated that combinations of organic manure an

关键词： wheat maize nitrogen use efficiency P balance K balance soil organic matter

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China agricultural outlook for 2015–2024 based on China Agricultural Monitoring and Early-warning System(CAMES)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第9期14卷 1889-1902页

作者： XU Shi-wei LI Gan-qiong LI Zhe-min Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key laboratory of Agricultural Information Service Technology Key laboratory of Digital Agricultural Early-warning Technology and System Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The primary goal of Chinese agricultural development is to guarantee national food security and supply of major agricultural products. Hence, the scientiifc work on agricultural monitoring and early warning as wel as agricultural outlook must be strengthened. In this study, we develop the China Agricultural Monitoring and Early-warning System (CAMES) on the basis of a comparative study of domestic and international agricultural outlook models. The system is a dynamic and multi-market partial equilibrium model that integrates biological mechanisms with economic mechanisms. This system, which includes 11 categories of 953 kinds of agricultural products, could dynamical y project agricultural market supply and demand, assess food security, and conduct scenario analysis at different spatial levels, time scale levels, and macro-micro levels. Based on the CAMES, the production, consumption, and trade of the major agricultural products in China over the next decade are projected. The fol owing conclusions are drawn:i) The production of major agricultural products wil continue to grow steadily, mainly because of the increase in yield. i ) The growth of agricultural consumption wil be slightly higher than that of agricultural production. Meanwhile, a high self-sufifciency rate is expected for cereals such as rice, wheat, and maize, with the rate being stable at around 97%. i i) Agricultural trade wil continue to thrive. The growth of soybean and milk im-ports wil slow down, but the growth of traditional agricultural exports such as vegetables and fruits is expected to continue.

关键词： agricultural outlook projection China Agricultural Monitoring and Early-warning System(CAMES) agriculture of China

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Amazonian Fruits: An Overview of Nutrients, Calories and Use in Metabolic Disorders

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food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第17期5卷 1692-1703页

作者： Moacir Couto de Andrade Júnior Jerusa Souza Andrade Department of food Technology Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz&#244 nia (INPA) Manaus Brazil laboratory of Nutrition Universidade Nilton Lins Manaus Brazil

Amazonian fruits are outstanding in quality. They are consumed as true delicacies of nature by the Brazilian population. Besides their attractive attributes, i.e. appearance, different textures and distinctive flavors, their nutritional value is diversified in the type of calories and the functional food ingredients. In addition to being very palatable, Amazonian fruits provide energy-rich macronutrients (lipids, proteins and carbohydrates), micronutrients (minerals, water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins), prebiotics (dietary fibers, especially pectin), bioactive substances (carotenoids and polyphenols), variety in the diet and improvement in the organoleptic properties and digestibility of (mixed) foods. This study first aimed to review concepts applicable to nutritional constituents and caloric contents of Amazonian fruits. It also attempted to clarify the potential use of these fruits in metabolic disorders (i.e. diabetes mellitus and/or obesity). To fulfill these purposes, 12 fruits were chosen for their dietetic significance in the Brazilian Amazonia.

关键词： Oleaginous Fruits Starchy-Oily Fruits Fleshy Fruits Diabetes Mellitus Obesity

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A new species of the Southeast Asian genus Opisthotropis (Serpentes Colubridae： Natricinae) from western Hunan, China

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Zoological Research 2017年第5期38卷 251-263页

作者： Jin-Long Ren Kai Wang Ke Jiang Peng Guo Jia-Tang Li CAS Key laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History & Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA College of Life Sciences and food Engineering Yibin University Yibin Sichuan 644007 China

A new species of natricine snake of the Southeast Asian genus Opisthotropis GUnther, 1872 is described from western Hunan Province of China based on both mitochondrial DNA and morphological data. The new species is morphologically most similar and genetically most closely related to O. cheni Zhao, 1999 and O. latouchfi （Boulenger, 1899）, but possesses considerable genetic divergence （p- distance 5.1%-16.7%） and can be differentiated from all other congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters：（1） body size large （total length 514-586 mm） and strongly built; （2） dorsal scale rows 17 throughout, feebly keeled anteriorly and moderately keeled posteriorly; （3） ventral scales 147-152, subcaudal scales 54-62; （4） preocular absent, Ioreal elongated and touching orbit; （5） supralabials 8-9, fifth and sixth entering obit; （6） anterior temporals short, length 1.74-2.04 times longer than width; （7） maxillary teeth subequal, 28-30; （8） dorsal surface of head with distinct irregular yellow stripes and markings edged with ochre; （9） body with clear black and yellow longitudinal streaks, partly fused to several lighter patches or thicker stripes anteriorly; and （10） venter pale yellow, with asymmetric blackish speckles along outer margin. We present an updated diagnostic key to all members of the genus Opisthotropis, and recommendations on the ecological study for the group are provided.

关键词： Distribution Taxonomy OpisthotropisnovNatricinae Natural historyOpisthotropis zhaoermfi sp

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Use of Support Vector Regression Based on Mean Impact Value Model to Identify Active Compounds in a Combination of Curcuma longa *** Glycyrrhiza extracts

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2017年第3期23卷 237-244页

作者： Jianlan Jiang Qingjie Tan Weifeng Li Xinyun Du Ningzhi Liu Key laboratory of Systems Bioengineering Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

A support vector regression based on the mean impact value (MIV) model was constructed to identify the bioactive compounds inhibiting proliferation of HeLa cells in a combination of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and liquorice (Glycyrrhiza) extracts. The quantitative chemical fingerprint from 50 batches of turmeric and liquorice extracts was established using high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to an ultraviolet visible detector. Qualitative results were obtained using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 46 peaks (peaks 1–15 from turmeric and 16–46 from liquorice) were selected as “common peaks” for analysis. The inhibitory effect of the combined extracts on HeLa cells was measured by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. It was found that 15 compounds (peaks: 8, 12, 30, 24, 46, 11, 14, 9, 3, 1, 44, 18, 7, 45 and 43) possessing high absolute MIV exhibited a significant correlation with the cytotoxicity against HeLa cells; most of these have already been confirmed with potential cytotoxicity in previous research. The important potential application of the present model can be extended to help discover active compounds from complex herbal medicine prior to traditional bioassay-guided separation. It is considered that this could be a useful tool for re-developing herbal medicine based on the use of these active compounds. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Bioassay Electrospray ionization food products High performance liquid chromatography Ionization of liquids Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Medicine Plant extracts Regression analysis

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Comparison of Two Protocols of Agar Gel Immunodiffusion(AGID)Used to Diagnose of Equine Infectious Anemia(EIA)

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2015年第7期5卷 169-174页

作者： Maria do Rosario Oliveira da Cunha Beltrao Cid Aristoteles de Siqueira Alencar Adriana Soares Leite Leonardo Tavares Freitas Julianne Cortizo Gonzalez Vania Lucia de Assis Santana Helio Cordeiro Manso-Filho Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal Rural University of PernambucoRecifeBrazil National Animal and Plant laboratory Ministry of AgricultureLivestock and Food SupplyRecifeBrazil

The aim of the present study was to compare two protocols of Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) that can be used to diagnose Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA). Different volumes of reagents and support for agar gel were used, as recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and food Supply (MAPA) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Equidae sera samples (n = 1000) were tested using a national commercial kit and different volumes (i.e. 25 μL—MAPA and 50 μL—OIE) of reagents and standard sera. Antigen was used as recommended by MAPA. The results were assessed by two operators, 48 hours after beginning the test. At the end of the experiment, a Kappa index of 1 was obtained by the operators, for the interpretation of the results and for the different volumes of reagents used. Similar results of agreement (Kappa index = 1) were obtained when using slides or Petri dishes as support for the agar gel. In both cases, an almost perfect agreement was achieved, suggesting that the use of different supports does not affect the results. These findings indicate that both protocols (MAPA and OIE) can be used to diagnose EIA.

关键词： Horses Equids EIA Diagnosis AGID Serology

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Antioxidations and Their Correlations with Total Flavones and Anthocyanin Contents in Different Black Rice Varieties

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第11期4卷 811-819页

作者： ZHANG Ming-wei GUO Bao-jiang CHI Jian-wei WEI Zhen-cheng XU Zhi-hong ZHANG Yan ZHANG Rui-fen Key laboratory of Functional food Ministry of Agriculture/Bio-Tech Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510640 P.R.China College of Life Science Huanan Normal University Guangzhou 510630 P.R.China

The antioxidations and their correlations with total flavones and anthocyanin contents in different black rice varieties were studied. The results indicated that the great differences in total antioxidant capacity （TAC）, scavenging free radical capacity （SFRC）, total flavones and anthocyanin contents existed among 242 black rice varieties. Comparisons of TAC, SFRC, total flavones and anthocyanin contents of different black rice types showed that the differences between black rice and white rice, indica one and japonica one, and nonglutinous one and glutinous one were significant at 0.01 levels, respectively. This showed that the TAC, SFRC, total flavones and anthocyanin contents of japonica type were higher than those of indica one, and nonglutinous type were higher than glutinous one. According to the fast clustering procedure, 242 black rice varieties could be clustered into 10 clusters, 184 indica rice varieties into 10 clusters, and 58 japonica rice varieties into 6 clusters. Most significant （P〈0.01） correlations existed between TAC and total flavones and anthocyanin contents, and between SFRC and total flavones and anthocyanin contents of black rice, respectively. This showed that the antioxidation of black rice was closely correlated with its active compositions of flavones and anthocyanin.

关键词： Black rice Antioxidation Total flavones content Anthocyanin content Correlation

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BDNF pro-peptide：a novel synaptic modulator generated as an N-terminal fragment from the BDNF precursor by proteolytic processing

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第7期12卷 1024-1027页

作者： Toshiyuki Mizui Koji Ohira Masami Kojima Biomedical Research Inst. (BMD) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Osaka Japan laboratory of Nutritional Brain Science Department of Food Science and Nutrition Mukogawa Women's University Hyogo Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Science and Technology Agency (JST) KawaguchiJapan Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience Osaka University Suita Japan

Most growth factors are initially synthesized as precursors and it was cleaved into bioactive mature domain and ***,compared with the expression and function of bioactive mature domain,the biological role of the pro-domain is poorly ***,we found that the pro-domain（or pro-peptide）of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）,which is well-known neurotrophic factor in brain,has a potential ability to facilitate hippocampal long-term ***,a BDNF polymorphism Val66Met,which substitute valine into methionine at 66 amino acid,impacted the biological activity of the BDNF *** lastly discuss the possible roles of BDNF and its pro-peptide in the generation of neural stem cells and progress of ischemia.

关键词： BDNF growth factor neural stem cells ischemia peptide

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The“harmful algae and algal toxins in coastal waters of China:investigation and database”project

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第6期40卷 2081-2093页

作者： Tian YAN CAS Key laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

The“harmful algae and algal toxins in coastal waters of China:investigation and database”project(HAATC)is funded(US$2.3 million)by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for 60 months starting on the 1st Jan *** the 1990s,national projects and other related work have greatly improved harmful algal bloom(HAB)research in ***,the existing research on HABs is often limited to specific sea areas or specific algal bloom disasters,which is insufficient for understanding the long-term evolution of HAB occurrence under the influence of intensified human activity and global *** HAATC project intends to determine the overall distribution of marine harmful microalgae and macroalgae,and marine algal toxins(in phytoplankton and shellfish)through a large-scale investigation in the coastal waters of China and continuous investigation in key sea *** also aims to observe biotic and abiotic processes during harmful red tides and green tides,and establish an open database and query platform of HABs in *** research consortium,led by chief scientist *** YAN,includes approximately 100 scientists and *** than 2 years of work have shown the increased distribution of HAB species(including cysts)and algal toxins in China’s coastal waters,the increased occurrence of macroalgae blooms(mainly by Ulva prolifera and Sargassum horneri)in the Southern Yellow Sea,increased amount of causative species being identified due to the use of molecular technologies in taxonomy,and new records of algal toxins such as azaspiracid,cycloimines and neurotoxinsβ-N-methylamino-l-alanine have been detected,which complicates the research in algal toxins and ***,the project will provide systematic basic data and techniques for the rapid and accurate identification of harmful algae species to support the research,monitoring,and control of harmful algal blooms,as well as seafood safety management in China.

关键词： harmful algae algal toxins coastal waters of China database

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Plastid genome evolution of a monophyletic group in the subtribe Lauriineae(Laureae,Lauraceae)

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Plant Diversity 2022年第4期44卷 377-388页

作者： Chao Liu Huan-Huan Chen Li-Zhou Tang Phyo Kay Khine Li-Hong Han Yu Song Yun-Hong Tan College of Biological Resource and food Engineering Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit WineQujing Normal UniversityQujingYunnan655011China Key laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Ministry of Education) Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River BasinGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinGuangxi541004China Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar

Litsea,a non-monophyletic group of the tribe Laureae(Lauraceae),plays important roles in the tropical and subtropical forests of Asia,Australia,Central and North America,and the islands of the ***,intergeneric relationships between Litsea and Laurus,Lindera,Parasassafras and Sinosassafras of the tribe Laureae remain *** this study,we present phylogenetic analyses of seven newly sequenced Litsea plastomes,together with 47 Laureae plastomes obtained from public databases,representing six genera of the *** results highlight two highly supported monophyletic groups of Litsea *** is composed of 16 Litsea taxa and two Lindera *** 18 plastomes of these taxa were further compared for their gene structure,codon usage,contraction and expansion of inverted repeats,sequence repeats,divergence hotspots,and gene *** complete plastome size of newly sequenced taxa varied between 152,377 bp(Litsea auriculata)and 154,117 bp(Litsea pierrei).Seven of the 16 Litsea plastomes have a pair of insertions in the IRa(trnL-trnH)and IRb(ycf2)*** 18 plastomes of Litsea and Lindera taxa exhibit similar gene features,codon usage,oligonucleotide repeats,and inverted repeat *** codons with the highest frequency among these taxa favored A/T endings and each of these plastomes had nine divergence hotspots,which are located in the same *** also identified six protein coding genes(accD,ndhJ,rbcL,rpoC2,ycf1 and ycf2)under positive selection in Litsea;these genes may play important roles in adaptation of Litsea species to various environments.

关键词： Litsea Phylogenetic analysis Divergent hotspots Gene evolution

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