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Variations in porcine colostrum oligosaccharide composition between breeds and in association with sow maternal performance

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 830-840页

作者： Paolo Trevisi Diana Luise Savanna Won Jaime Salcedo Micol Bertocchi Daniela Barile Paolo Bosi Department of Agricultural and food Sciences University of BolognaViale G.Fanin 4640127 BolognaItaly Department of food Science and Technology University of California-DavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA

Background:Oligosaccharides(OS)are indigestible carbohydrates naturally found in *** composition of porcine colostrum OS may influence the growth and the health of the neonate and consuming optimal concentrations of OS may reduce piglet susceptibility to *** this manner,targeted supplementation of animal feed with OS is being explored as a health management tool in the livestock *** variation in OS composition between different breeds of pig and its association with the litter performance is currently *** aim of this study was to characterize the colostrum OS composition from sows of different breed and parity and correlate this data with sow maternal ***:Eighty-three colostrum samples from parities 1 to 8 were gathered from 3 different breeds of sow:44 Large White sows,27 Landrace sows and 12 Duroc *** were taken between the birth of the first and the last piglet from sows that were not pharmacologically induced to *** were purified from the samples and analysed by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry(21 OS compositions detected).The farrowing season and the maternal data were recorded for each sow,including the number of live piglets and the litter body weight at birth,at day(d)3 and at ***:Five OS compositions,including isomers of the bifidogenic Sialyllactose,Lacto-N-Tetraose and Lacto-NHexaose series,were detected in all the *** other OS were identified in at least 50%of samples,and their abundances were affected by breed(Ponent were standardized by Z-score scaling(μ=0 and SD=1),transformed by principal component analysis,and four similarity clusters were *** membership was associated with litter weight gain within 3 days(P=0.063)and at weaning(P<0.05),but not with piglet mortality within 3 ***:OS composition of colostrum may partially explain the vari

关键词： MALDI-ToF analysis Milk Nutrient composition Pig breeds Piglet survival

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Natural refuge crops, buildup of resistance, and zero-refuge strategy for Bt cotton in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第10期53卷 1227-1238页

作者： ROZELLE Scott WILEN James food Security and the Environment Program Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies Stanford University Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of California Davis One Shields Avenue

In the context of genetically modified crops expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, a ‘refuge’ refers to a crop of the same or a related species that is planted nearby to enable growth and reproduction of the target pest without the selection pres- sure imposed by the Bt toxin. The goal of this study is to discuss the role of natural refuge crops in slowing down the buildup of resistance of cotton bollworm (CBW), and to evaluate China’s no-refuge policy for Bt cotton. We describe in detail the dif- ferent factors that China should consider in relation to the refuge policy. Drawing on a review of scientific data, economic analyses of other cases, and a simulation exercise using a bio-economic model, we show that in the case of Bt cotton in China, the no-refuge policy is defensible.

关键词： Bt cotton resistance natural refuge crops China

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What are extreme environmental conditions and how do organisms cope with them？

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 363-374页

作者： John C. WINGFIELD J. Patrick KELLEY Frederic ANGELIER Department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A

Severe environmental conditions affect organisms in two major ways. The environment may be predictably severe such as in deserts, polar and alpine regions, or individuals may be exposed to temporarily extreme conditions through weather, presence of predators, lack of food, social status etc. Existence in an extreme environment may be possible, but then to breed or molt in addition can present major bottlenecks that have resulted in the evolution of hormone-behavior adaptations to cope with unpredictable events. Examples of hormone-behavior adaptations in extreme conditions include attenuated testosterone secretion because territoriality and excess courtship may be too costly when there is one opportunity to reproduce. The individual may even become insensitive to testosterone when target areas of the brain regulating reproductive behavior no longer respond to the hormone. A second example is reduced sensitivity to glucocorticoids following acute stress during the breeding season or molt that allows successful reproduction and/or a vital renewal of the integument to endure extreme conditions during the rest of the year. Reduced sensitivity could involve：（a） modulated response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, （b） reduced sensitivity to high glucocorticoid levels, or （c） a combination of （a） and （b）. Moreover, corticosteroid binding proteins （CBP） buffer responses to stress by reducing the movement of glucocorticoids into target cells. Finally, intracellular enzymes （11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and variants） can deactivate glucocorticoids entering cells thus reducing interaction with receptors. These mechanisms have important implications for climate change and increasing extremes of weather [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 363-374, 2011].

关键词： Extreme environment Habitat configuration Glucocorticoids Stress response Corticosteroid-binding proteins Behavior

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An Estimation of the Daily Intake of Di(2-ethlhexyl) Phthalate(DEHP) among Workers in Flavoring Factories

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第6期27卷 419-425页

作者： LU Jie ZHANG Jing WANG Zhu Tian FAN Yong Xiang Key Laboratory of food Safety Risk Assessment Ministry of Health China National Center For Food Safety Risk Assessment Division of food Safety Standard Ministry of Health China National Center For food Safety Risk Assessment

Objective To estimate the daily intake of DEHP among workers in flavoring factories. Methods 71 workers in two flavoring manufacturers, 27 administrators in those factories and 31 laboratory technicians in a research institute were recruited and assigned to exposure group, control group 1 and control group 2 respectively. Their urinary DEHP metabolites, mono（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （MEHP）, mono-（2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl） phthalate （MEHHP）, mono-（2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl） phthalate （MEOHP）, were detected by isotope dilution-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）. The urinary metabolites concentrations were converted into DEHP intake levels using two pharmacokinetic models： the urine creatinine-excretion （UCE） one and the urine volume （UV） one. Results No significant differences were found among the three groups. Based on the urinary concentrations of Z3MEHP, we got a median daily DEHP intake of 3.22 or 1.85 μg/kg body-weight/day applying the UV or UCE models respectively. Depending on the UV model, three subjects （2.34%） exceeded the RfD value given by US EPA and the P50 of estimate daily DEHP intakes accounted for 16.10% of the RfD value. No subjects exceeded the limitation depending on the UCE model. Conclusion The workers in flavoring factories were not supposed to be the high DEHP exposure ones and their exposure level remained at a low risk.

关键词： Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) Estimate daily intake Biomonitoring Occupationa exposure

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A Critical Review on Superchilling Preservation Technology in Aquatic Product

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第12期13卷 2788-2806页

作者： WU Chun-hua YUAN Chun-hong YE Xing-qian HU Ya-qin CHEN Shi-guo LIU Dong-hong Department of food Science and Nutrition Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing Fuli Institute of Food Science Zhejiang University Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University

aquatic product, known as one of the good resources for white meat, has been widely accepted by the consumers due to its high protein, low fat, especially low cholesterol. With the fast development of living standards around the world, the consumer demands for high quality, nutrition, safety and freshness of ifshery food are increasing. Thus, high efifcient preservation technologies for aquatic products become particularly important. Superchilling is one of the controlled-temperature preservation technologies for seafood. Aquatic products can be kept in better quality under superchilling conditions. This review introduced the principle and development of superchilling process, mainly focusing on research progresses and technical dififculties of superchilling. The growth mechanism of ice crystals and the feasibility of application of computational lfuid dynamics in analyzing the temperatures variation and ice crystals during superchilling progress were also discussed, which will provide theoretical foundation for its improvement and application.

关键词： aquatic product superchilling freshness growth mechanism of ice crystals computational lfuid dynamics

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Controllable decoration of Ni-MOF on TiO_(2):Understanding the role of coordination state on photoelectrochemical performance

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2023年第10期42卷 13-20页

作者： Hongye Bai Lihao Yu Jinfu Xu Xuliang Pang Yajie Bai Jianguo Cui Weiqiang Fan School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013PR China Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths Baotou014030PR China one Hundred Forty-six Warehouse China Food and Drug AdministrationShijiazhuang050000PR China

Decoration of metal-organic framework(MOF)has been considered as an effective route to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC)performance of TiO_(2),but there is still a lack of understanding of the regulatory ***,Ni-MOF was rationally introduced by in-situ etching method,which helps for artificially regulating the coordination state of Ni *** photocurrent density(0.81 mA/cm^(2))and IPCE value(33.1%)of TiO_(2)-MOF-2 are about twice higher than that of pristine TiO_(2) due to the rich unsaturated sites of ***,the saturated coordination has caused the decline of PEC performance because of the obvious steric ***,this work presents an insight for the effect of coordination state on PEC activity especially in MOF system.

关键词： Photoelectrochemistry TiO_(2) Ni-MOF Coordination state Water splitting

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Alleviative effects of a novel strain Bacillus coagulans XY2 on copper-induced toxicity in zebrafish larvae

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 750-760页

作者： Fang Ai Xuedi Huang Yalan Wu Chen Ji Yufang Gao Ting Yu Fujie Yan National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent food Technology and Equipment College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Copper (Cu) is a kind of micronutrient element that is essential for human ***,it is also considered as an environmental pollutant which is toxic to organisms at a high concentration ***,regarded as beneficial microorganisms for promoting human health,have functions of antioxidant capacity,immune-enhancing properties,intestinal barrier protection and *** studies have reported that probiotics show positive effects on alleviating and intervening heavy metals ***,evidence for relieving copper-induced toxicity by probiotics is still *** this study,we firstly conducted a zebrafish larvae model to screen out microorganisms which are helpful for CuSO_(4)toxicity resistance and one novel strain named as Bacillus coagulans XY2 was discovered with the best protective *** XY2 significantly reduced the mortality of zebrafish larvae exposed to 10μmol/L CuSO_(4)for 96 hr,as well as alleviated the neutrophils infiltration in the larvae lateral line under a 2 hr *** XY2 exhibited a high in vitro antioxidant activity and against CuSO_(4)-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae by up-regulating sod1,gstp1 and cat gene transcriptional levels and relevant enzymatic ***_(4)stimulated the inflammation process resulting in obvious increases of gene il-1βand il-10 transcription,which were suppressed by *** XY2 ***,our results underline the bio-function of *** XY2 on protecting zebrafish larvae from copper toxicity,suggesting the potential application values of probiotics in copper toxicity alleviation on human and the environment.

关键词： Copper Probiotics Bacillus coagulans Oxidative stress Inflammation

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Effects of edible whole citrus fruits on endogenous antioxidant enzymes of HepG2 cells

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food Quality and Safety 2022年第2期6卷 310-317页

作者： Yujing Sun Miaomiao Liu Wenyang Tao Xingqian Ye Peilong Sun College of food Science and Technology Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouChina Department of food Science and Nutrition School of Biosystems Engine ering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

The effects of eating fresh citrus fruits including two varieties of mandarins,one of sweet oranges,one of grapefruit,two of pomelo,and one of kumquat cultivated in China on endogenous antioxidant enzymes were investigated by in vitro digestion and HepG2 *** correlations between enzyme activity and cell uptake of phytochemicals and cellular antioxidant capacities were *** results showed that most fresh citrus fruits increased the endogenous antioxidant ***,Hongroumiyou,Ponkan,and Jinju after digestion significantly increased the activity of catalase(Pone peroxidases(GPxs)activity(P<0.05),while Huyou and satsuma could not increase the activity of GPxs after *** oxidoreductase activity was improved significantly by most of the digested whole citrus fruits except Ponkan(P<0.05)and thioredoxin oxidoreductase added whole citrus fruits had a higher increase than added citrus fruits *** results indicated that edible whole citrus fruits had similar effects as extracts on enzymes.

关键词： Citrus fruit endogenous antioxidant enzymes in vitro digestion polyphenols carotenoids

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Antibiotic resistance profile and RAPD analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from vegetables farms and retail markets

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第1期6卷 71-75页

作者： John Yew Huat Tang Mohd Ikhsan Khalid Syazana Aimi Che Abdullah Abu-Bakar Son Radu Department of food Industry Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Tembila Campus food Safety Research Centre Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia

Objective:To investigate antibiotic resistance profile and characterize Campylobacter jejuni(***) isolates using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) ***:Ninety eight *** isolates from farms and retail outlets were screened against 10 antibiotics commonly used clinically and agriculturally by using disk diffusion *** analysis was done to characterize 98 *** ***:Fifty-one percent of the isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance index 0.2 and *** indicated that the isolates in the vegetables were not from the high risk environment or extensive farming *** isolates found resistant towards penicillin G(93%),vancomycin(86%),ampicillin(35%),erythromycin(28%),gentamycin(4%),amikacin(3%),enrofloxacin(1%),norfloxacin(1%) and no resistance towards *** clustering analysis showed that the contamination of *** in vegetables was likely due to cross contamination at retail ***:*** contamination in vegetables at retail markets was due to cross *** finding proved that *** in small scale vegetables production was less expose towards antibiotic abuse.

关键词： Campylobacter jejuni Multiple antibiotic resistance index Antibiotic resistance RAPD analysis

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Composition and Physico-Chemical Properties of Meat from Capons Fed Cereals

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第11期12卷 1953-1960页

作者： Olga Díaz Luisana Rodríguez Alexandr Torres ngel Cobos food Technology Division Department of Analytical ChemistryNutrition and Food ScienceFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Santiago de Compostela

Chemical composition, physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of breast and drumstick meat from capons （castrated male cockerels） fed cereals were studied. Three groups of capons were reared. one group was fed ad libitum the same commercial diet until the 4th mon of life. The last month of its life, the capons of this group were fed corn. The second and third group of capons were fed the same diet from caponization. The second group was fed mixture of corn （50%） and wheat （50%）. The third group of capons was fed 2/3 corn and 1/3 mixture of corn （50%） and barley （50%）. Capons were reared under free-range conditions and slaughtered at 150 d of age. Caponization was performed at 48 d. No signiifcant effects of feeding in chemical composition, pH, water holding capacity, drip and cooking losses and texture of the meat were observed. The meat of the third group （capons fed 83%corn） was more yellow and showed higher content of C18：2 than that of the other capons.

关键词： castrated male cockerel feeding meat quality fatty acids

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