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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 792-802页

作者： Yuzhe Du Shane Scheibener Yucheng Zhu Maribel Portilla Mingling Zhang USDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research UnitStonevilleUSA USDA-ARS Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystem Research UnitStonevilleUSA

Due to rapidly developed resistance,pest management relies less on pyrethroids to control economically damaging infestations of the tarnished plant bug(TPB),Lygus lineolaris(Palisot de Beauvois)in cotton fields of ***,pyrethroid resistance remains prevalent in TPB *** study assessed the resistance levels in adult TPB to six common pyrethroids and *** TBPs were collected from wild host plants in late October after harvest in the Mississippi Delta region of the United *** on LCso values,the field-resistant TPBs displayed higher resistance to permethrin,esfenvalerate,and bifenthrin(approximately 30 fold)and moderate resistance toα-cyhalothrin,β-cyfluthrin,5-cypermethrin,and acephate(approximately 15 fold).Further investigations showed that the inhibitors of three detoxification enzyme,triphenyl phosphate(TPP),diethyl maleate(DEM),and piperonyl butoxide(PBO)had synergistic effects on permethrin,γ-cyhalothrin,and bifenthrin in resistant ***,elevated esterase,GST,and P450 activities were significantly expressed in fieldresistant ***,GST and esterase were reduced after 48 h exposure to certain pyrethroids at LCso *** synergistic and biochemical assays consistently indicated that P450 and esterase were involved in pyrethroid detoxification in *** study provides valuable information for the continued use of pyrethroids and acephate in controlling TPBs in cotton fields in the Mississippi Delta region of the United States.

关键词： cytochrome P450-monooxygenases(P450) detoxification enzyme activities esterase Lygus lineolaris pyrethroids and organophosphate resistance tarnished plant bug

Species-specific and generalized allometric biomass models for eight Fagaceae species in the understory of evergreen broadleaved forests in subtropical China

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Journal of Forestry research 2024年第4期35卷 156-170页

作者： Shengwang Meng Qianyanzhou Ecological research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China

Quantifying the biomass of saplings in the regeneration component is critical for understanding biogeochemical processes of forest ***,accurate allometric equations have yet to be developed in sufficient *** develop species-specific and generalized allometric equations,154 saplings of eight Fagaceae tree species in subtropical China’s evergreen broadleaved forests were *** dendrometric variables,root collar diameter(d),height(h),and crown area(ca)were applied in the model by the weighted nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression *** only d as an input variable,the species-specific and generalized allometric equations estimated the aboveground biomass reasonably,with R _(adj)^(2) values generally>*** h and/or ca improved the fitting of some biomass components to a certain *** equations showed a relatively large coefficient of variation but comparable bias to species-specific *** in the absence of species-specific equations at a given location are generalized equations for mixed species *** developed regression equations can be used to accurately calculate the aboveground biomass of understory Fagaceae regeneration trees in China’s subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests.

关键词： Allometry Aboveground biomass Additivity Regeneration Subtropical China

Rapid recovery of desert shrubs is attributed to imbalance of water supply to demand after disturbance in Northwest China

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 118-129页

作者： Hai Zhou Xiangyan Feng Zhibin He Qiyue Yang Heng Ren Wenzhi Zhao Linze Inland River Basin research Station Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Background Disturbance is a key driver of changes in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in water limited regions. In the desert ecosystem of Northwest China, shrubs are often foraged by camels and this causes the shrubs lost their aboveground tissues. Although the aboveground tissue could recover after the disturbance, the mechanisms of resprouts' recovery after the disturbance are still poorly understood. We investigated the morphological and physiological characteristics and root water uptake sources of resprouts and non-disturbed seedlings of four desert shrub species that were often foraged by *** The results showed that the resprouts grew rapidly after the removal of aboveground tissue. The height and aboveground biomass of resprouts reached the level of 5-year-old seedlings following a growing season. Compared to un-disturbed seedlings, higher leaf water potential, leaf hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis rate were observed in resprouts, indicating that resprouts grew rapidly after disturbance. Furthermore, we found that the root water uptake source did not change after disturbance. This indicated that the roots of resprouts kept intact water uptake capacity after disturbance, which could keep supplying sufficient water to the aboveground tissue. Due to the removal of aboveground tissue of the resprouts, the water demand of aboveground tissue decreased, which induced an imbalance of water supply from roots to demand of aboveground tissues of resprouts. This explained the improved physiological performance and rapid recovery of resprouts after *** The imbalance of water supply to demand contributes to the rapid recovery of desert shrubs after disturbance. The findings provide insight into the eco-physiological mechanism for the maintenance of desert ecosystems that are facing disturbance.

关键词： Disturbance Resprout Physiological performance Shrub Water uptake source

In-situ warming does not change soil priming effect induced by glucose addition in a temperate forest

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 759-769页

作者： Xiaohan DONG Yunting FANG Dongwei LIU Xin GUAN Kai HUANG Yuqi LIU Qingkui WANG Silong WANG Weidong ZHANG Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ManagementInstitute of Applied EcologyShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Hunan Key Laboratory for Structure and ecosystem Service of Subtropical Forest Huitong National Research Station of Forest EcosystemHuitong 418307China Qingyuan Forest Chinese ecosystem research Network(CERN) National Observation and Research StationShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016(China)f Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and ApplicationsShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory of Terrestrial ecosystem Carbon Neutrality Shenyang 110016China

Priming effect(PE)on soil organic carbon(SOC)decomposition caused by the addition of organic carbon(C)is an important ecological process in regulating soil C ***,most priming studies are confined to laboratory trials,while the assessment of soil PE under field conditions with variable weather conditions is *** study assessed the direct effects of glucose addition and in-situ warming on the extent of PE under field conditions in a temperate *** evaluated soil PE using 13C-glucose labelling,a simple and novel technique,based on the Keeling plot *** addition significantly enhanced native SOC decomposition and induced strong ***,the effect of in-situ warming on the extent of PE was not *** study confirms the importance of PE in regulating SOC turnover under field conditions.

关键词： lue lblling tchnquegbal wamingrmingt hppidfaty ai solganmattermineralisatn oezme respiration

Off-farm employment,agriculture production activities,and household dietary diversity in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of Asia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 359-373页

作者： Yunli Bai Xuanye Zeng Chao Fu Linxiu Zhang Key Laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China United Nations Environment Programme-International ecosystem Management Partnership(UNEP-IEMP) Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China

Access to off-farm employment has been expected to be a critical approach to ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition,two important targets of achieving Zero *** study aims to investigate the role of off-farm employment in improving dietary diversity through substitution effect and complementary effect with agricultural production activities and income *** study adopts Poisson/Tobit/Probit/OLS regressions and the instrument variable method based on the primary survey data collected among 1,282 households at 12 sites in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of China,Nepal,Cambodia,Thailand,and Myanmar in *** results show that off-farm employment is positively associated with household dietary diversity and the consumption of flesh meat,fish and other aquatic animals,fruits,and milk and dairy products,which are rich in protein and *** results of mechanism analysis show that off-farm employment contributes to household dietary diversity by improving crop diversity,especially for poor households,boosting the probability of livestock raising for households with the middle one-third disposal income,and increasing household *** positive association between off-farm employment and household dietary diversity is much higher for households with the bottom one-third disposal income,low illiteracy,and from upper-middle income *** findings imply that off-farm employment does play a vital role in achieving multiple benefits of poverty alleviation,malnutrition reduction,and agrobiodiversity conservation in environmentally and economically vulnerable ***,it may enlarge the gaps in dietary diversity between households with low human capital and from low and lower-middle income countries and those with high human capital and from middle-high countries.

关键词： off-farm employment dietary diversity income effect substitution effect complementary effect

Uncharted effects of Fukushima Nuclear Plant Wastewater Discharge on marine life

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第3期17卷 1-4页

作者： Xiaoqi Zhou Zhejiang Tiantong Forest ecosystem National Observation and research Station School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEastChina Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

INTRODUCTION On 24 August 2023,the Japanese government insisted on initiating the discharge of Fukushima nuclearcontaminated water into the sea,causing widespread global concerns regarding marine biological safety,seafood and marine resources(TEPCO 2023).Although the Japanese government has consistently emphasized that the nuclear wastewater has been treated using an Advanced Liquid Processing System(ALPS),resulting in very low concentrations of various nuclear elements,and that the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)has conducted real-time monitoring of the treatment process and discharge fow(IAEA 2023),people around the world still harbor signifcant *** are a few reasons for this ongoing apprehension.

关键词： initiating harbor wastewater

Effect of Processing and Cultivar on Thermo-Chemical Properties of Australian-Grown Hemp Hurd(Cannabis sativa L.)

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第8期12卷 1475-1493页

作者： Johannes Fehrmann Benoit Belleville Barbara Ozarska Maya Ismayati Wahyu Dwianto School of Agriculture Food and Ecosystem Sciences(SAFES)Faculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneMelbourne3121Australia research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jakarta16911Indonesia

This study explored the thermo-chemical properties of industrial hemp hurd with different provenances,maturity stages,and retting *** findings were then compared to hemp hurd used in the fabrication of citric acid-bonded ultra-low-density hemp hurd ***-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)were employed to document the variability of the hurd and comprehend the potential impact on biobased composite *** choice of cultivar,maturity stage,and processing modality significantly influenced the chemical composition,presence of functional groups,and thermal stability of the ***-GC/MS revealed substantial variations in the lignin-to-carbohydrate(L/C)ratio,along with the absence of fatty acids in certain *** FTIR signals confirmed consistent functional groups,differences in peak intensities were indicative of carbohydrate variations associated with maturity and retting duration,impacting the availability of hydroxyl groups for,i.e.,interparticle bonding in citric acid-based ***,it was observed that shorter retting durations initially enhanced the thermal resistance,but prolonged retting led to accelerated degradation,significantly reducing the hurd’s residual *** findings indicated notable differences among the samples,emphasizing the importance of investigating variables such as provenance/cultivar,maturity,and processing *** assessment is essential to ensure effective agronomic practices that align the raw material characteristics with the specific requirements of intended applications,such as the fabrication of biobased hemp hurd composites.

关键词： Hemp hurd material characterization chemical analysis thermal analysis

Deterministic processes drive turnover-dominated beta diversity of breeding birds along the central Himalayan elevation gradient

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Avian research 2024年第2期15卷 163-171页

作者： Zhifeng Ding Jianchao Liang Le Yang Cong Wei Huijian Hu Xingfeng Si Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization Institute of ZoologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong510260China Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology Lhasa850001China Zhejiang Zhoushan Island ecosystem Observation and research Station Institute of Eco-ChongmingZhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China

Beta diversity,the variation of community composition among sites,bridges alpha and gamma diversity and can reveal the mechanisms of community assembly through applying distance-decay models and/or partitioning beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components from functional and phylogenetic *** as the most natural experiment system provide good opportunities for exploring beta diversity patterns and the underlying ecological ***,we simultaneously consider distance-decay models and multiple di-mensions of beta diversity to examine spatial variations of bird communities,and to evaluate the relative importance of niche-based and neutral community assembly mechanisms along a 3600-m elevational gradient in the central Himalayas,*** results showed that species turnover dominates taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta *** observed strongest evidence of spatial distance decays in taxonomic similarities of birds,followed by its phylogenetic and functional *** component was highest in taxonomic beta diversity,while nestedness component was highest in functional beta ***,all correlations of assemblage similarity with climatic distance were higher than that with spatial *** values of overall taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity and their turnover components increase with increasing elevational distance,while the standardized values of taxonomic and phylogenetic nestedness decreased with increasing elevational *** results highlighted the niche-based deterministic processes in shaping elevational bird diversity patterns that were determined by the relative roles of decreasing trend of environmental filtering and increasing trend of limiting similarity along elevation distances.

关键词： Beta diversity Bird Community assembly Functional trait Himalaya Nestedenss Phylogenetic distance Turnover

Key processes of carbon cycle and sink enhancement paths in natural wetland ecosystems in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2444-2459页

作者： Jinshuai LI Tianxiang HAO Meng YANG Guirui YU Key Laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Wetland ecosystems have become one of the long-term solutions for mitigating global climate change due to their strong carbon sequestration ***,the key carbon cycle processes in wetland ecosystems still lack a systematic *** the context of wetland protection and restoration,there is still a lack of consensus on the technical pathways to realize carbon sink multiplication in wetland *** this paper,the key processes of carbon cycle,such as photosynthetic carbon uptake,microbial carbon decomposition and carbon deposition and burial,are sorted out and summarized in four major wetland types,namely,swamp and peat wetlands,river and riparian wetlands,lake and lakeshore wetlands,and estuarine and coastal *** on the key processes of carbon cycle,three technological pathways for carbon sink multiplication are proposed,including,vegetation carbon sequestration and sink enhancement technology,soil carbon emission reduction technology and carbon deposition and burial *** key technologies under each pathway are further *** the carbon sink effects of the carbon sink technologies in different wetland types are qualitatively ***,wetland protection and restoration methods in corresponding regions are given in the light of the regional characteristics of wetlands in *** will provide a scientific basis for the strategy of doubling the carbon sinks of China′s wetland ecosystems.

关键词： Wetlands Carbon cycle Carbon sinks Technology pathways Conservation and restoration

Patterns and mechanisms of belowground carbon responses to changes in precipitation

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第2期17卷 1-17页

作者： Hongyang Chen Qi Zhang Lingyan Zhou Xuhui Zhou School of Forestry Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry ofEducationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China research Center Shanghai Botanical Garden/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plant InnovationShanghai 200231China

It is well known that aboveground productivity usually increases with ***,how belowground carbon(C)processes respond to changes in precipitation remains elusive,although belowground net primary productivity(BNPP)represents more than one-half of NPP and soil stores the largest terrestrial C in the *** paper reviews the patterns of belowground C processes(BNPP and soil C)in response to changes in precipitation from transect studies,manipulative experiments,modeling and data integration and *** results suggest the possible existence of nonlinear patterns of BNPP and soil C in response to changes in precipitation,which is largely different from linear response for aboveground productivity.C allocation,root turnover time and species composition may be three key processes underlying mechanisms of the nonlinear responses to changes in precipitation for belowground C *** addition,microbial community structure and long-term ecosystem processes(*** assemblage,soil texture,aggregate stability)may also affect patterns of belowground C processes in response to changes in *** last,we discuss implications and future perspectives for potential nonlinear responses of belowground C processes to changes in precipitation.

关键词： belowground processes BNPP nonlinear precipitation soil C