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Industrialization prospects for hydrogen production by coal gasification in supercritical water and novel thermodynamic cycle power generation system with no pollution emission

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2015年第12期58卷 1989-2002页

作者： GUO LieJin JIN Hui GE ZhiWei LU YouJun CAO ChangQing State Key Laboratory of Multiphase flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

Energy conversion and utilization, particularly carbon-based fuel burning in air phase, have caused great environmental pollution and serious problems to society. The reactions in water phase may have the potential to realize clean and efficient energy conversion and utilization. Coal gasification in supercritical water is a typical carbon-based fuel conversion process in water phase, and it takes the advantages of the unique chemical and physical properties of supercritical water to convert organic matter in coal to H2 and CO2. N, S, P, Hg and other elements are deposited as inorganic salts to avoid pollution emission. The State Key Laboratory of Multiphase flow in Power Engineering has obtained extensive experimental and theoretical results based on coal gasification in supercritical water. Supercritical water fluidized bed reactor was developed for coal gasification and seven kinds of typical feedstock were selected. The hydrogen yield covers from 0.67 to 1.74 Nm3/kg and the carbon gasification efficiency is no less than 97%. This technology has a bright future in industrialization not only in electricity generation but also in hydrogen production and high value-added chemicals. Given the gas yield obtained in laboratory-scale unit, the hydrogen production cost is U.S.$ 0.111 Nm3 when the throughput capacity is 2000 t/d. A novel thermodynamic cycle power generation system based on coal gasification in supercritical water was proposed with the obvious advantages of high coal-electricity conversion efficiency and zero pollutant emission. The cost of U.S.$ 3.69 billion for desulfuration, denitration and dust removal in China in 2013 would have been saved with this technology. Five kinds of heat supply methods are analyzed and the rates of return of investment are roughly estimated. An integrated cooperative innovation center called a new type of high-efficient coal gasification technology and its large-scale utilization was founded to enhance the industrialization o

关键词： industrialization prospects hydrogen production supercritical water gasification power generation zero emission

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Streamwise vortex generation by the rod

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第8期32卷 1903-1911页

作者： Ryszard SZWABA Pawel FLASZYNSKI Piotr DOERFFER Department of Experimental Aerodynamics Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences

The technology development related to aerodynamics is leading to ever increasing loads of wings, airfoils and turbine and compressor blades. The increase in aerodynamic forces is often leading to flow separation and depreciation of the aerodynamic performance of flying objects or propulsion systems. flow control methods are required to avoid these negative effects. In the recent two decades the flow control by means of air-jet vortex generators has been also intensively investigated. In this method a streamwise vortex is introduced by an oblique jet. The necessity to supply air by a pipe system may be considered a disadvantage. In order to eliminate this feature, it has been proposed to put out a rod instead of a jet. It has been shown that the application of a rod can introduce the same effect as a jet, as long as the streamwise vortex generation is concerned and appropriate dimensions are used. The present paper focuses on the influence of rod vortex generators on a flow pattern downstream. The results presented here concern experimental and numerical investigations and provide guidelines for the design of a new flow control method dedicated mainly to external flows.

关键词： Air-jet vortex generator Boundary layer flow control Rod vortex generator Streamwise vortices

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The Role of Kappa and Lambda in Subclassification of B Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Sudanese Patients Using flow cytometry

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2016年第3期6卷 44-52页

作者： Hameeda Abd Eladeem Abdalla Amira Ahmed Khalid Humeida Eman Abbass Osama A. Altayeb Ghada M. Marghani Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences Al Neelain University Khartoum Sudan Faculty of Medicine Al Neelain University Khartoum Sudan flow cytometry Laboratory for Leukemia & Lymphoma Diagnosis Khartoum Sudan Medical Laboratory Flow Cytometry Laboratory for Leukemia & Lymphoma Diagnosis Khartoum Sudan

Background: B-cell Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a neoplasm of lymphoblasts which are of B-cell lineage typically composed of small to medium sized blast cells, moderately condensed to dispersed chromatin with scanty cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli, involving the bone marrow and/or blood. Methods and materials: This is a prospective cross-sectional study in which 50 blood and/or bone marrow samples of newly diagnosed patients (B-ALL) were tested for immunophenotyping. All samples were prepared for surface and cytoplasmic markers including kappa and lambda human antibody for 10 minutes in dark place and then run by the flow Cytometer. Results: 64% of the study populations were males and 36% were females. Cases were classified according to immunophenotype and the age into different subtypes and showed the following frequencies: Pro B-ALL (8%), early pre B-ALL (56%), common B-ALL (16%), Pre-B-ALL (14%) and Mature B-ALL (only 6%). Surface immunoglobulin was positive in 10% and negative in 90% of all patients, showing 100% positivity in mature B-ALL and totally negative in other subtypes. While cytoplasmic immunoglobulin was positive in 16% and negative in 84% of all patients and was positive in 100% of Pre-B-ALL and in 50% of mature B-ALL. Surface kappa was more expressed in mature B-ALL than lambda giving a ratio of 2:1, while cytoplasmic kappa:lambda was 6:1 in Pre-B-ALL. Conclusion: Kappa and lambda have important role in B-ALL classification which necessitates their presence in immunophenotyping of B-ALL.

关键词： B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Immunoglobulin Kappa Lambda flow Cytometer

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In-line imaging measurements of particle size,velocity and concentration in a particulate two-phase flow

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Particuology 2014年第2期12卷 106-113页

作者： Xiaozhen Chen Wu Zhou Xiaoshu Cai Mingxu Su Hailong Liu Institute of Particle and Two-phase flow Measurement University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

A novel method is developed for in-line measurements of particle size, velocity and concentration in a dilute, particulate two-phase flow based on trajectory image processing. The measurement system consists of a common industrial CCD camera, an inexpensive LED light and a telecentric lens. In this work, the image pre-processing steps include stitching, illumination correction, binarization, denoising, and the elimination of unreal and defocused particles. A top-hat transformation is found to be very effective for the binarization of images with non-uniform background illumination. Particle trajectories measured within a certain exposure time are used to directly obtain particle size and velocity. The particle concentration is calculated by using the statistics of recognized particles within the field of view. We validate our method by analyzing experiments in a gas-droplet cyclone separator. This in-line image processing method can significantly reduce the measurement cost and avoid the data inversion process involved in the light scattering method.

关键词： In-line measurements Particle trajectory Image processing Multi-parameters

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AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE INTERFACIAL WAVES IN AIR-WATER TWO-PHASE flow WITHIN HORIZONTAL PIPELINES

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 1997年第4期5卷 34-42页

作者：李广军郭烈锦陈学俊 National Laboratory of Multiphase flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

By using two-parallel conductance probes,the instantaneous film thickness of gas-liquidtwo-phase flow within a horizontal plexiglass pipe of 50mm inner diameter was *** pipe was 6680mm *** wave patterns were distinguished through statisticalanalysis of signals of film *** pattern maps were obtained and compared with resultsof former *** characteristics of the interfacial waves,such as time-averaged film thickness,wave height,wave propagation speed,wavelength and wave frequency,were systematically *** effect of the exit structure of the test section on interfacial waves was experimentally examined.

关键词： interfacial waves two-phase flow conductance probe

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Charge transfer between biogenic jarosite derived Fe^3＋ and TiO2 enhances visible light photocatalytic activity of TiO2

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 256-267页

作者： Mahabubur Chowdhury Sipiwe Shoko Fransciuos Cummings Veruscha Fester Tunde Victor Ojumu flow Process and Rheolofy Centre Cape Peninsula University of Technology South Africa Department of Chemical Engineering Cape Peninsula University of Technology South Africa Electron Microscope unit University of the Western Cape South Africa

In this work, we have shown that mining waste derived Fe^3＋can be used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. This will allow us to harness a waste product from the mines, and utilize it to enhance TiO2 photocatalytic waste water treatment efficiency. An organic linker mediated route was utilized to create a composite of TiO2 and biogenic jarosite. Evidence of Fe／O／Ti bonding in the TiO2/jarosite composite was apparent from the FTIR, EFTEM, EELS and ELNEFS analysis. The as prepared material showed enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to pristine TiO2, biogenic jarosite and mechanically mixed sample of jarosite and TiO2 under both simulated and natural solar irradiation. The prepared material can reduce the electrical energy consumption by 4 times compared to pristine P25 for degradation of organic pollutant in water. The material also showed good recyclability. Results obtained from sedimentation experiments showed that the larger sized jarosite material provided the surface to TiO2 nanoparticles, which increases the settling rate of the materials. This allowed simple and efficient recovery of the catalyst from the reaction system after completion of photocatalysis. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composite material was due to effective charge transfer between TiO2 and jarosite derived Fe^3＋as was shown from the EELS and ELNEFS. Generation of OHU was supported by photoluminesence（PL） experiments.

关键词： Biogenic jarosite TiO2 photocatalysis Charge transfer Organic pollutant Visible light responsive Water treatment

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From single to combinatorial therapies in spinal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 660-670页

作者： Ernesto Doncel-Pérez Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún Israel Grijalva-Otero Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos de Toledo Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha(SESCAM)ToledoSpain Medical Research unit for Neurological Diseases UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIIMSSCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and multiple systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychosocial implications for affected people, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the spinal cord after spinal cord injury, which have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or more of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. Most published works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic spinal cord injury stages use a single type of treatment: a drug or trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and implantation of a biomaterial. Despite the significant benefits reported in animal models, when translating these successful therapeutic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the improvement, when present, is usually insufficient. Until now, most studies designed to promote neuroprotection or regeneration at different stages after spinal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute phases of spinal cord injury, it is reasonable to speculate that more than one therapeutic agent could be required to promote structural and functional restoration of the damaged spinal cord. Treatments that combine several therapeutic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, which, when used as a single therapy, have shown some benefits, allow us to assume that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aims to summarize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therapeutic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoratio

关键词： neural regeneration neuroprotection spinal cord injury repair spinal cord injury treatments structural restoration of spinal cord injury

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Storage life of silicone rubber sealing ring used in solid rocket motor

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2014年第6期27卷 1469-1476页

作者： Liu Weikai He Guoqiang Science and Technology on Combustion Internal Flow and Thermal-structure Laboratory Northwestern Polytechnical University

It is urgent to carry out detailed research on storage performance of rubber sealing ring to get the criterion for its storage life. This paper acquires material ageing regularity by theoretical analysis and experimental confirmation. On this condition, failure mode and failure criterion of typical sealing structure is studied, and the failure mechanism is found. Thus by analyzing the stress distribution, the relationship between ageing state and sealing condition is established. Rationalization proposal is put forward and storage life of sealing ring is evaluated. The research mentionedabove has special reference to the design of sealing structures and can provide reference for prolonging their service life.

关键词： Failure criterion Sealing ring Silicone rubber Solid rocket motor Storage life

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The Effect of Gas Leaks on Underground Gas Storage Performance During Development and Operation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第4期29卷 133-136页

作者： SHI Lei XIONG Wei GAO Shu-Sheng Institute of Porous flow and Fluid Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesLangfang 065007

Underground gas storage is an efficient tool for matching the constant supply of gas to the variable demands of the *** escaping from a storage field may cause environmental and safety *** present a physical simulation together with actual field data to evaluate the caprock of underground gas storage in the Jing-Bian *** effect of gas leaks on the performance of gas storage is analyzed by using the type curves of the injection-withdrawal cycle.

关键词： injection underground matching

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Fast nanoparticle sizing by image dynamic light scattering

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Particuology 2015年第2期13卷 82-85页

作者： Chengze Xu Xiaoshu Cai Jie Zhang Lili Liu Institute of Particle and Two-Phase flow Measurement University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

In this paper, an image dynamic light scattering method for nanoparticle sizing is introduced. The spatial distribution of the scattered lights from nanoparticles undergoing Brownian motion was captured at a high frame rate by a digital camera within one second, which is considerably faster than the conven- tional photon correlation spectroscopy method. The captured series of photographs were meshed into thousands of small units for calculating the intensity autocorrelation functions in parallel. Experimental results from the measurements of three reference nanoparticle samples （27, 80, and 352 nm in diameters） demonstrated the feasibility of this method.

关键词： Nanoparticle sizing Image dynamic light scattering Real-time acquisition Brownian motion

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