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Protein hydrolysates in animal nutrition：Industrial production, bioactive peptides,and functional significance

Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 513-525页

作者： Yongqing Hou Zhenlong Wu Zhaolai Dai Genhu Wang Guoyao Wu Hubei Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feed Science Hubei Collaborative innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China College of animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China Research and Development Division Shanghai Gentech Industries Group Shanghai China 201015 Department of animal Science Texas A&M University College Station. TX. USA 77843

Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the role of peptides in animal nutrition. Chemical, enzymatic, or microbial hydrolysis of proteins in animal by-products or plant-source feedstuffs before feeding is an attractive means of generating high-quality small or large peptides that have both nutritional and physiological or regulatory functions in livestock, poultry and fish. These peptides may also be formed from ingested proteins in the gastrointestinal tract, but the types of resultant peptides can vary greatly with the physiological conditions of the animals and the composition of the diets. In the small intestine, large peptides are hydrolyzed to small peptides,which are absorbed into enterocytes faster than free amino acids（AAs） to provide a more balanced pattern of AAs in the blood circulation. Some peptides of plant or animal sources also have antimicrobial, antioxidant,antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory activities. Those peptides which confer biological functions beyond their nutritional value are called bioactive peptides. They are usually 2–20 AA residues in length but may consist of 〉20AA residues. Inclusion of some（e.g. 2–8%） animal-protein hydrolysates（e.g., porcine intestine, porcine mucosa,salmon viscera, or poultry tissue hydrolysates） or soybean protein hydrolysates in practical corn-and soybean mealbased diets can ensure desirable rates of growth performance and feed efficiency in weanling pigs, young calves,post-hatching poultry, and fish. Thus, protein hydrolysates hold promise in optimizing the nutrition of domestic and companion animals, as well as their health（particularly gut health） and well-being.

关键词： animals Nutrition Peptides Protein hydrolysates Sustainability

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Revolutionize livestock breeding in the future: an animal embryo-stem cell breeding system in a dish

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 1-11页

作者： Zhuocheng Hou Lei An Jianyong Han Ye Yuan Dongbao Chen Jianhui Tian Key Laboratory of animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of AgricultureNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural University Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California Irvine

Meat and milk production needs to increase ～ 70–80% relative to its current levels for satisfying the human needs in ***,it is impossible to achieve such genetic gain by conventional animal breeding *** on recent advances with regard to in vitro induction of germ cell from pluripotent stem cells,herein we propose a novel embryo-stem cell breeding *** from the conventional breeding system in farm animals that involves selecting and mating individuals,the novel breeding system completes breeding cycles from parental to offspring embryos directly by selecting and mating embryos in a *** comparison to the conventional dairy breeding scheme,this system can rapidly achieve 30–40 times more genetic gain by significantly shortening generation interval and enhancing selection ***,several major obstacles must be overcome before we can fully use this system in livestock breeding,which include derivation and mantaince of pluripotent stem cells in domestic animals,as well as in vitro induction of primordial germ cells,and subsequent haploid ***,we also discuss the potential efforts needed in solving the obstacles for application this novel system,and elaborate on their groundbreaking potential in livestock *** novel system would provide a revolutionary animal breeding system by offering an unprecedented opportunity for meeting the fast-growing meat and milk demand of humans.

关键词： animal breeding Embryos Genomic selection In vitro germ cell induction Pluripotent stem cells

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Role of vascular endothelial growth factor as a critical neurotrophic factor for the survival and physiology of motoneurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1691-1696页

作者： Paula M.Calvo Rosendo G.Hernández Rosa R.de la Cruz Angel M.Pastor Departamento de fisiología Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain

Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)was discovered by its angiogenic ***,during evolution,it appeared earlier as a neurotrophic factor required for the development of the nervous system in invertebrates lacking a circulatory *** aimed at reviewing recent evidence indicating that VEGF has neuroprotective effects in neurons exposed to a variety of *** particular interest is the link established between VEGF and motoneurons,especially after the design of the VEGFδ/δmutant *** mice are characterized by low levels of VEGF and develop muscle weakness and motoneuron degeneration resembling amyotrophic lateral *** administration of VEGF through several routes to animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis delays motor impairment and motoneuron degeneration and increases life *** are new recent advances in the role of VEGF in the physiology of *** experimental aims use the extraocular(abducens)motoneurons lesioned by axotomy as a model for studying VEGF *** abducens motoneurons exhibit severe alterations in their discharge activity and a loss of synaptic *** exogenous administration of VEGF to axotomized abducens motoneurons,either from the transected nerve or intraventricularly,fully restores the synaptic and discharge properties of abducens motoneurons,despite being *** addition,when an anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody is delivered from the muscle to intact,uninjured abducens motoneurons,these cells display alterations in their discharge pattern and a loss of synaptic boutons that resemble the state of *** these data indicate that VEGF is an essential neurotrophic factor for motoneurons.

关键词： abducens nucleus amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cell death extracellular single-unit recordings eye movements neurodegeneration oculomotor trophic factors

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Efficacy of soy protein concentrate replacing animal protein supplements in mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs

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animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 235-248页

作者： Zixiao Deng Marcos Elias Duarte Sung Woo Kim Department of animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

This study investigated the effects of using soy protein concentrate (SPC) to replace animal protein supplements on mucosa-associated microbiota,intestinal health,and growth performance of nursery ***-six newly weaned pigs (BW=6.4±0.6 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block *** were fed for 35 d in 3 phases (P;1,2,3) for 10,12,13 d,*** treatments were:(1) basal diet with fish meal (P1:4%,P2:2%,and P3:1%),poultry meal (P1:10%,P2:8%,and P3:4%),and blood plasma (P1:4%,P2:2%,and P3:1%),where SPC replacing none (NC);(2) basal diet with SPC replacing fish meal (RFM);(3) basal diet with SPC replacing poultry meal (RPM);(4) basal diet with SPC replacing blood plasma (RBP);and (5) basal diet with SPC replacing all animal protein supplements (PC).Growth performance was recorded for each *** were euthanized on d 35 to collect jejunal mucosa and tissue to evaluate intestinal health and microbiota,and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of *** were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of ***,RFM,RPM,and RBP did not affect growth performance,whereas PC decreased (P<0.05) ADG and *** RPM increased (P<0.05) Prevotella stercorea and decreased (P<0.05) Helicobacter *** PC decreased (P<0.05) ***,whilst increasing (P<0.05) Prevotella copri,Propionibacterium acnes,and Pelomonas *** RFM tended to increase (P=0.096) immunoglobulin A in the *** PC tended to decrease (P=0.078) jejunal crypt cell *** were no differences in the villus height,AID of nutrients,intestinal inflammation,and intestinal oxidative stress among *** conclusion,SPC can replace fish meal,poultry meal,or blood plasma individually without affecting growth performance and intestinal health,and AID of nutrients of nursery *** SPC replacing poultry meal benefitted intestinal health by reducing *** and increasing ***,SPC replac

关键词： Blood plasma Fish meal Intestinal health Nursery pigs Poultry meal Soy protein concentrate

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Safety considerations for working with animal models involving human health hazards

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animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2018年第2期1卷 91-99页

作者： Calvin B.Carpenter animal Resources Alcon Research and Development

A human health hazard may constitute a variety of hazards that are encountered in an animal facility. Health hazards include physical, chemical, radioactive, or biological hazards such as cage and rack washers, chemicals used for cleaning and disinfection,experimental drugs or biologics, radioactive isotopes, zoonotic diseases, allergens,experimental infectious agents, or biological toxins. This article will focus on experimental infectious agents and biological toxins(biohazards) that are hazardous to both animals and humans and require biological containment(biocontainment) to prevent their inadvertent release into the environment. Key areas for safely managing a biocontainment animal care and use program and vivarium are *** scientific research involving health hazards has created some challenges, it has also provided some excellent advances in methods and technologies. The ideas and approaches in this article will be useful for those just entering this field of research and those who have committed their careers to the safe use of animals exposed to biohazards.

关键词： animal models biocontainment hazards safety

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Current and future prospects for nanotechnology in animal production

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 526-538页

作者： Emily K.Hill Julang Li School of Life Science and Engineering Foshan University Department of animal Biosciences University of Guelph

Nanoparticles have been used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the human medical field for quite some time, though their application in veterinary medicine and animal production is still relatively new. Recently,production demands on the livestock industry have been centered around the use of antibiotics as growth promoters due to growing concern over microbial antibiotic resistance. With many countries reporting increased incidences of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, laws and regulations are being updated to end in-feed antibiotic use in the animal production industry. This sets the need for suitable alternatives to be established for inclusion in *** reports have shown evidence that nanoparticles may be good candidates for animal growth promotion and antimicrobials. The current status and advancements of nanotechnological applications in animal production will be the focus of this review and the emerging roles of nanoparticles for nutrient delivery, biocidal agents, and tools in veterinary medicine and reproduction will be discussed. Additionally, influences on meat, egg, and milk quality will be reviewed.

关键词： animal production Antibiotic replacements Artificial insemination Biocides Feed Nanoparticles Veterinary medicine

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Cloning and expression of swine myostatin gene and its application in animal immunization trial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第4期48卷 368-374页

作者： MA Xianyong CAO Yongchang SHU Dingming BI Yingzuo Genetic Engineering Laboratory College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China Genetic Engineering Laboratory College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China Genetic Engineering Laboratory College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China Genetic Engineering Laboratory College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China

We have amplified swine myostatin (MSTN) gene by reverse transcription poly-merase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cloned it into pGEM-T Easy vector. The cloned swine MSTN gene consists of 1128 nucleotides, which has been submitted to GenBank (acquired reg-istered code- AY448008). The cloned swine MSTN gene was successfully expressed in E. coli without the first 25 amino acids. Crude extraction of the expressed recombinant MSTN protein was used to immunize mice to investigate the effects on their bodyweights. We show here that the body weights of the immunized mice were higher than that of the controls, even though the difference was not significant. Surprisingly, the progenies of the immunized mice also were heavier than the controls. Especially at day 3, the average body weight of the immunized mice was 10.5% higher than that of the controls , which is significant (p < 0.05).

关键词： myostatin, gene cloning, sequencing, protein expression, detection, immunization.

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Study on mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for animal complex binary traits using Bayesian-Markov chain Monte Carlo approach

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2006年第6期49卷 552-559页

作者： LIU Jianfeng1,2,ZHANG Yuan1,ZHANG Qin1,WANG Lixian2 & ZHANG Jigang1 1. College of animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094,China 2. Institute of animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100094,China 1. College of animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China 2. Institute of animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100094 China

It is a challenging issue to map Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) underlying complex discrete traits, which usually show discontinuous distribution; less information, using conventional statistical methods. Bayesian-Markov chain Monte Carlo (Bayesian-MCMC) approach is the key procedure in mapping QTL for complex binary traits, which provides a complete posterior distribution for QTL parameters using all prior information. As a consequence, Bayesian estimates of all interested variables can be obtained straightforwardly basing on their posterior samples simulated by the MCMC algorithm. In our study, utilities of Bayesian-MCMC are demonstrated using simulated several animal outbred full-sib families with different family structures for a complex binary trait underlied by both a QTL; polygene. Under the Identity-by-Descent-Based variance component random model, three samplers basing on MCMC, including Gibbs sampling, Metropolis algorithm; reversible jump MCMC, were implemented to generate the joint posterior distribution of all unknowns so that the QTL parameters were obtained by Bayesian statistical inferring. The results showed that Bayesian-MCMC approach could work well; robust under different family structures; QTL effects. As family size increases; the number of family decreases, the accuracy of the parameter estimates will be improved. When the true QTL has a small effect, using outbred population experiment design with large family size is the optimal mapping strategy.

关键词： complex binary trait, QTL mapping, Bayesian-MCMC approach, outbred population, IBD-based variance component random model.

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Phytochemical, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of different fractions of Moringa oleifera leaves methanol extract against liver injury in animal model

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第7期11卷 423-429页

作者： Attia H.Atta Soad M.Nasr Abduljalil H.Almaweri Doaa Sedky Amany M.Mohamed Hassan M.Desouky Mostafa A.Shalaby Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Department of Parasitology & animal Diseases National Research Centre(Egypt) Department of animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination National Research Centre(Egypt)

Objective: To evaluate the potential antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of n-hexane, dichloromethane(DCM), ethyl acetate(EtOAc), n-butanol and aqueous fractions of Moringa oleifera(M. oleifera) leaves methanol extract against carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4)-induced liver injury in rats. Methods: These fractions were prepared from the M. oleifera leaves methanol extract by solubilization in water and partitioning in n-hexane, EtOAc, DCM and n-butanol. Their phyto-components were identified by GC-MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant effect of these fractions was carried out by assessment of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. A total of 40 Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into 8 equal groups: group 1 given olive oil(1 m L/kg ***.), group 2 injected with CCl_4, group 3 to 7 administered with n-hexane, DCM, EtOAc, n-butanol and aqueous fractions, respectively after CCl_4, group 8 administered with silymarin after CCl_4. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, total proteins and albumin in serum were determined spectrophotometrically. Glutathione reduced, lipid peroxide by-products levels, glutathione-s-transferase and catalase enzyme activities in the liver homogenate were determined by spectrophotometer. Liver specimens were also examined for histopathological alterations under light microscope. Results: The GCMS analysis of different fractions of the M. oleifera leaves methanol extract revealed that n-hexane, DCM, EtOAc, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions contained 17, 22, 23, 19 and 32 compounds, respectively. The percent and the molecular structure of each component in each fraction were identified. The n-butanol and EtOAc fractions exhibited the strongest in vitro antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. CCl_4 significantly decreased glutathione reduced and total proteins concentration and glutathione-s-transferase and catalase activiti

关键词： Hepatoprotective Antioxidants Moringa oleifera Fractions Phytochemical

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Genome Array on Differentially Expressed Genes of Skin Tissue in Cashmere Goat at Early Anagen of Cashmere Growth Cycle Using DNA Microarray

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第10期13卷 2243-2252页

作者： DI Jiang XU Xin-ming Lazate Ainiwaer ZHANG Yan-hua TIAN Ke-chuan YU Li-juan WU Wei-wei Hanikezi Tulafu FU Xue-feng Marzeya Yasen Xinjiang animal Sciences Research Institute Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences

In order to study the molecular mechanism involved in cashmere regeneration, this study investigated the gene expression profile of skin tissue at various stages of the cashmere growth cycle and screen differentially expressed genes at proangen in 10 cashmere goats at 2 years of age using agilent sheep oligo microarray. Significance analysis of microarray （SAM） methods was used to identify the differentially expressed genes, Hierarchical clustering was performed to clarify these genes in association with different cashmere growth stages, and GO （Gene ontology） and the pathway analyses were con-ducted by a free web-based Molecular Annotation System3.0 （MAS 3.0）. Approximately 10200 probe sets were detected in skin tissue of 2-yr-old cashmere goat. After SAM analysis of the microarray data, totally 417 genes were shown to be differentially expressed at different cashmere growth stages, and 24 genes are significantly up-regulated （21） or down-regulated （3） at proangen concurrently compared to angen and telogen. Hierarchical clustering analysis clearly distinguished the differentially expressed genes of each stage. GO analysis indicated that these altered genes at proangen were predominantly involved in collagen fibril organization, integrin-mediated signaling pathway, cell-matrix adhesion, cell adhesion, transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） receptor signaling pathway, regulation of cell growth. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） analysis showed that the significant pathways involved mainly included focal adhesion and extracellular matrixc （ECM）-receptor interaction. Some important genes involved in these biological processes, such as COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, SPARC, CYR61 and CTGF, were related to tissue remolding and repairing and detected by more than one probe with similar expression trends at different stages of cashmere growth cycle. The different expression of these genes may contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of cashmere regeneration.

关键词： cashmere growth cycle regeneration gene expression microarray

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