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Reduced efficacy of single-dose albendazole against Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura, and high reinfection rate after cure among school children in southern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 95-96页

作者： Tigist Dires Gebreyesus Eyasu Makonnen Tafesse Tadele Kalkidan Mekete Habtamu Gashaw Heran Gerba Eleni Aklillu Department of Global Public health Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority Addis Ababa Ethiopia Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia College of Medicine and health Sciences Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia Ethiopian Public health institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Background Mass drug administration(MDA)program of albendazole to at-risk populations as preventive chemo-therapy is the core public health intervention to control soil-transmitted helminths(STHs).Achieving this goal relies on drug effectiveness in reducing the parasite reservoirs in the community and preventing reinfection.We assessed the effcacy of albendazole against STH parasite infection and reinfection status after cure.Methods A total of 984 schoolchildren infected with at least one type of STH parasite(hookworm,Ascaris lumbri-coides,Trichuris trichiura)in southern Ethiopia were enrolled and received albendazole and praziquantel in MDA campaign conducted from January to March 2019.Stool exams at week-4 and at week-8 of post-MDA were done using Kato Katz technique.The primary outcome was effcacy assessed by cure rate(CR)and fecal egg reduction rates(ERRs)at four weeks of post-MDA.The secondary outcome was reinfection status defined as parasite egg positivity at eight weeks among those who were cured at 4 weeks of post-MDA.Group comparisons in CR and related factors were assessed with chi-square or fisher's exact tests.Predictors of CR were examined through univariate and multi-variate regression analyses.Results The overall CR and ERR for hookworm infection were 97.2%(95%CI:94.6-99.4)and 97.02%,respectively.The overall CR and ERR for A.lumbricoides were 71.5%(95%CI:68.3-74.6)and 84.5% respectively.The overall CR and ERR and for T.trichiura were 49.5%(95%CI:44.8-54.2)and 68.3%,respectively.The CR among moderate T.trichiura infec-tion intensity was 28.6%.Among children cured of hookworm,A.lumbricoides and T.trichiura at week 4 post-MDA,4.6%,18.3% and 52.4% became reinfected at week-8 post-MDA,respectively.Significantly lower CR(36.6%)and higher reinfection after cure(60.6%)among A.lumbricoides and T.trichiura coinfected children than A.lumbricoides only(CR=69.6%,reinfection rate=15.1%)or T.trichiura only infected children(CR=55.6%,reinfection rate=47.1%)was observed.Pre-treatment coinfection with≥two types of

关键词： Soil transmitted helminths Neglected tropical diseases Preventive chemotherapy Albendazole School age children Ethiopia

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Rapid identification of full-length genome and tracing variations of monkeypox virus in clinical specimens based on mNGS and amplicon sequencing

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 134-143页

作者： Changcheng Wu Ruhan A Sheng Ye Fei Ye Weibang Huo Roujian Lu Yue Tang Jianwei Yang Xuehong Meng Yun Tang Shuang Chen Li Zhao Baoying Huang Zhongxian Zhang Yuda Chen Dongfang Li Wenling Wang Ke-jia Shan Jian Lu Wenjie Tan NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing100052China Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for High Pathogenic Microbes Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqing400042China MGI BGI-ShenzhenShenzhen518083China Thermo fisher Scientific Beijing100013China School of Public health Baotou Medical CollegeBaotou014030China BGI PathoGenesis Pharmaceutical Technology Shenzhen518000China State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research Center for BioinformaticsSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

The monkeypox virus(MPXV)has triggered a current outbreak globally.Genome sequencing of MPXV and rapid tracing of genetic variants will benefit disease diagnosis and control.It is a significant challenge but necessary to optimize the strategy and application of rapid full-length genome identification and to track variations of MPXV in clinical specimens with low viral loads,as it is one of the DNA viruses with the largest genome and the most AT-biased,and has a significant number of tandem repeats.Here we evaluated the performance of metagenomic and amplicon sequencing techniques,and three sequencing platforms in MPXV genome sequencing based on multiple clinical specimens of five mpox cases in Chinese mainland.We rapidly identified the full-length genome of MPXV with the assembly of accurate tandem repeats in multiple clinical specimens.Amplicon sequencing enables cost-effective and rapid sequencing of clinical specimens to obtain high-quality MPXV genomes.Third-generation sequencing facilitates the assembly of the terminal tandem repeat regions in the monkeypox virus genome and corrects a common misassembly in published sequences.Besides,several intra-host single nucleotide variations were identified in the first imported mpox case.This study offers an evaluation of various strategies aimed at identifying the complete genome of MPXV in clinical specimens.The findings of this study will significantly enhance the surveillance of MPXV.

关键词： Monkeypox virus(MPXV) Metagenomic Next generation sequencing Amplicon Third-generation sequencing

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Oncologic outcomes with and without amniotic membranes in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy:A propensity score matched analysis

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 19-25页

作者： Jonathan Noël Daniel Stirt Marcio Covas Moschovas Sunil Reddy Abdel Rahman Jaber Marco Sandri Seetharam Bhat Travis Rogers Subuhee Ahmed Anya Mascarenhas Ela Patel Vipul Patel Advent health Global Robotics institute CelebrationFLUSA University of Central Florida College of Medicine OrlandoFLUSA Big and Open Data Innovation Laboratory University of BresciaItaly SUNY Upstate Medical University SyracuseNYUSA Kansas City University College of Medicine Kansas CityMOUSA Harvard University CambridgeMAUSA

Objective:Placement of human placenta derived grafts during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)hastens the return of continence and potency.The long-term impact on the oncologic outcomes remains to be investigated.Our objective was to determine the oncologic outcomes of patients with dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane(dHACM)at RARP compared to a matched cohort.Methods:In a referral centre,from August 2013 to October 2019,599 patients used dHACM in bilateral nerve-sparing RARP.We excluded patients with less than 12 months follow-up,simple prostatectomy,and unilateral nerve-sparing.Patients with dHACM(amnio group)were 529,and were propensity score matched 1:1 to 2465 patients without dHACM(non-amnio group)and a minimum follow-up of 36 months.At the time of RARP,dHACM was placed around the neurovascular bundle in the amnio group.Continuous and categorical variables in matched groups was tested by two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and fisher's exact test respectively.Outcomes measured were biochemical recurrence(BCR),adjuvant and salvage therapy rates.Results:Propensity score matching resulted in two groups of 444 patients.Cumulative incidence functions for BCR did not show a difference between the groups(p=0.3).Patients in the non-amnio group required salvage therapy more frequently than the amnio group,particularly after partial nerve-sparing RARP(6.3%vs.2.3%,p=0.001).Limitations are the absence of prospective randomization.Conclusion:The data suggest that using dHACM does not have a negative impact on BCR in patients.Outcomes of cancer specific and overall survival will require follow-up study to increase our understanding of these grafts’impact on prostate cancer biology.

关键词： Prostatectomy Prostatecancer Robotic Oncology Outcome Allograft Biomaterial Dehydrated human amnionchorion membrane

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Does topical vancomycin prevent fracture-related infections in closed fractures undergoing open reduction and internal fixation?A randomised controlled trial

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第2期27卷 71-76页

作者： Mohit Gandhi Gopisankar Balaji Jagdish Menon Ruben Raj Thomas Department of Orthopaedics Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia Department of Preventive and Social Medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia

Purpose:The role of topical vancomycin in fracture-related infection(FRI)is debatable.Very few studies have reported their efficacy in open and high-risk extremity fractures.This study aimed to assess topical vancomycin's role in reducing FRI in closed fractures undergoing open surgical intervention with an implant.Methods:This prospective randomized cohort study was carried out between February 2021 to January 2022.Patients with isolated closed fractures,who were planned for open reduction and internal fixation within 2 weeks from the time of injury were included for this study.The data collected included age,gender,socioeconomic status,mechanism of injury,diagnosis,Tscherne classification,and time interval to take up for surgery.Patients were randomized into the intervention and control groups using the block randomization technique.The control group received only systemic antibiotic prophylaxis,whereas the intervention group received topical application of vancomycin powder in the surgical wound alongside systemic antibiotic prophylaxis.The primary outcome measure was the incidence of FRI among these individuals.Clinical and radiological findings and culture reports(in cases with infection)were recorded during the post-operative period and at 6 weeks of follow-up.All relevant statistical calculations were done using STATA statistical/data analysis-parallel edition version 16.0(StataCorp LLC).The quantitative variables like age and duration of the surgery were assessed for normalcy by Shapiro-Wilk W test.An independent samples t-test with equal variances was applied to the age data.fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of the primary outcome measure(presence of FRI following surgery),and"Risk of FRI"and"Risk difference"between the 2 groups was calculated.The strength of the association between qualitative variables was assessed using the fisher's exact and Chi-square tests,respectively.Results:There were 88 patients included in this study.No statistical significance was found about FRI between both grou

关键词： Infections Antibiotics Vancomycin Fractures

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The health Benefits of a Pedometer-Based 100,000 Steps/Week Physical Activity Program

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2019年第2期1卷 176-183页

作者： Earlene Masi James E.Peterman Leonard A.Kaminsky Department of Kinesiology Kardatzke Wellness CenterAnderson UniversityAndersonIN 46012USA fisher institute of health and well-being Health and Physical Activity BuildingRoom 302Ball State UniversityMuncieIN 47306USA

Purpose Pedometers can be an effective tool to increase step counts in a physically inactive population.In a more active population,pedometers may also be useful for further increasing physical activity and improving cardiovascular disease risk factors.Our purpose was to assess the adherence and determine the health impact of a 100,000 steps/week(14,286 steps/day)goal in a somewhat-active(7500-9999 steps/day)to active(10,000-12,500 steps/day)population.Methods Thirty-two apparently healthy subjects,13 males(age 44±14 years)and 19 females(age 39±13 years)who had a baseline activity level between 7500 and 12,500 steps/day,were studied.Participants were assessed prior to and 16 weeks after completing a 100,000 steps/week intervention.Pre-and post-assessments of health included body composition,rest-ing blood pressure,blood lipid profile,fasting blood glucose,and a 3-min walk test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness.Results Fifty-three percent of participants adhered(≥90,000 steps/week)to the 100,000 steps/week physical activity program yet all participants increased their stepping by 23,303±11,480 steps/week.With increased stepping,significant improvements in body composition were observed.Improvements included reduced body mass index(pre:27.2±3.6 kg/m^(2);post:26.9±3.6 kg/m^(2);P=0.026),reduced total percent body fat(pre:35.7±9.9%;post:34.3±10.4%;Phealth benefits,particularly improvements in body composition,by increasing to 100,000 steps/week with the use of a pedometer.

关键词： Physical activity Pedometer Body composition Adherence Dose-response

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Vegetable and Fruit Consumption among Chinese Adults and Associated Factors： A Nationally Representative Study of 170,847 Adults

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2017年第12期30卷 863-874页

作者： LI Yi Chong JIANG Bo ZHANG Mei HUANG Zheng Jing DENG Qian ZHOU Mai Geng ZHAO Zhen Ping WANG You Fa WANG Li Min National Center for Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Peking University Clinical Research institute Beijing 100191 China Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Beijing 100191 China Global health institute Health Science Center Xi 'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shanxi China fisher institute of health and well-being Systems-Oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences College of Health Ball State University Muncie IN 47306 USA

Objective This study examined vegetable and fruit （VF） consumption rate and its associated factors among Chinese adults. Methods Nationally representative data from the 2013 China Chronic Disease Surveillance survey were used. Dietary intake data, including VF consumption during the last 12 months, were collected. All analyses were weighted to obtain nationally representative estimates. Associations between VF consumption and other factors （e.g., meal frequency and physical activity） were examined through logistic regression analysis. Results The average fruit consumption was 102.3 g/day （95% CI： 97.0-107.6） and the average vegetable consumption was 350.6 g/day （95% CI： 339.3-361.8）. Over half （53.2%, 95% CI： 50.9-55.4） of Chinese adults met the VF consumption of 400 g/day recommended by the World health Organization （WHO）. Rural residents had a higher prevalence of low VF consumption rate than urban residents [49.20% （95% CI： 46.2%-52.2%） vs. 44.0% （95% CI： 41.7%-46.3%） P 〈 0.01]. Old age （OR = 1.01, 95% CI： 1.00-1.01）, low educational level, low income, minority ethnicity （OR = 1.41, 95% CI： 1.15-1.74）, underweight （OR = 1.17, 95% CI： 1.03-1.33）, single marital status （OR = 1.20, 95% CI： 1.08-1.33）, low health literacy, irregular breakfast （OR = 1.20, 95% CI： 1.04-1.38） or lunch （OR = 1.58, 95% CI： 1.26-1.99） habits, and no leisure-time physical activity were associated with low VF consumption. Conclusion Only half of Chinese adults met the VF consumption recommended by the WHO. Low socio-economic status, irregular diet, and poor health literacy were likely associated with low VF consumption. National efforts and programs are needed to promote VF consumption.

关键词： Fruit Vegetables China Noncommunicable and Chronic Disease Surveillance survey China

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Multi-Objective Equilibrium Optimizer for Feature Selection in High-Dimensional English Speech Emotion Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 1957-1975页

作者： Liya Yue Pei Hu Shu-Chuan Chu Jeng-Shyang Pan Fanli Business School Nanyang Institute of TechnologyNanyang473004China School of Computer and Software Nanyang Institute of TechnologyNanyang473004China College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China Department of Information Management Chaoyang University of TechnologyTaichung413310Taiwan

Speech emotion recognition(SER)uses acoustic analysis to find features for emotion recognition and examines variations in voice that are caused by emotions.The number of features acquired with acoustic analysis is extremely high,so we introduce a hybrid filter-wrapper feature selection algorithm based on an improved equilibrium optimizer for constructing an emotion recognition system.The proposed algorithm implements multi-objective emotion recognition with the minimum number of selected features and maximum accuracy.First,we use the information gain and fisher Score to sort the features extracted from signals.Then,we employ a multi-objective ranking method to evaluate these features and assign different importance to them.Features with high rankings have a large probability of being selected.Finally,we propose a repair strategy to address the problem of duplicate solutions in multi-objective feature selection,which can improve the diversity of solutions and avoid falling into local traps.Using random forest and K-nearest neighbor classifiers,four English speech emotion datasets are employed to test the proposed algorithm(MBEO)as well as other multi-objective emotion identification techniques.The results illustrate that it performs well in inverted generational distance,hypervolume,Pareto solutions,and execution time,and MBEO is appropriate for high-dimensional English SER.

关键词： Speech emotion recognition filter-wrapper high-dimensional feature selection equilibrium optimizer multi-objective

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Can Tibetan medicine Honghua Ruyi pills relieve endometriosisassociated dysmenorrhea?Protocol for a randomized placebocontrolled trial

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 78-85页

作者： Mei Han Jiahui Cao Jiali Wei Hui Luo Chaoqin Yu Xuefang Liang Nyangmotse Guoyan Yang Huilan Du Jianping Liu Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 102488China College of Management Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 102488China College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 102488China institute for Tibetan Medicine China Tibetology Research CenterBeijing 100101China Changhai Hospital Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Gynaecology Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong 510120China Department of Gynaecology Tibetan Medicine Hospital of Qinghai ProvinceXining 810007China NICM health Research institute Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW 2751Australia College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang 050200China

Objective:To provide high-quality clinical evidence of the efficacy of Tibetan medicine Honghua Ruyi(HHRY)pills for endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea.Methods:This study constitutes a multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial encompassing a three-menstrual cycle intervention followed by a three-menstrual cycle follow-up period.A total of 164 eligible females with endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into HHRY pills and placebo groups in a 1:1 ratio.The primary outcome included dysmenorrhea symptoms assessed using Visual Analog Scale(VAS)scores and quality of life,whereas the secondary outcome measures included the maximum VAS for non-menstrual pelvic pain,duration of pain episodes(in days),frequency and quantity of the consumption of ibuprofen sustained-release capsules(or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs),and days off work/study for staff/student due to dysmenorrhea,ovarian cyst,and/or pelvic nodule size.The safety was monitored throughout the treatment period.All the analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle.For continuous outcomes,simple or multiple linear regressions were used to estimate the differences between the HHRY pills and placebo groups,with categorical data expressed as the number and percentage of occurrences.Differences were compared using the chi-square test or fisher's exact test.The predefined analysis was adjusted for concomitant treatment,a variable considered to be associated with outcomes but unaffected by treatment allocation.Estimates of treatment effects were reported with 95%confidence intervals.Two-tailed P values≤.05 were considered statistically significant.Conclusion:Positive results from this trial,upon completion would provide robust evidence for the efficacy and safety of HHRY pills in treating dysmenorrhea in patients with endometriosis.

关键词： Endometriosis Dysmenorrhea Honghua Ruyi pills Randomized controlled trial Traditional Chinese medicine

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The History of Controlling and Treating Infectious Diseases in Ancient China

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Current Medical Science 2024年第1期44卷 64-70页

作者： Cui-ling LIU Tao ZHOU Liang-bin CHENG David fisher Khrystyna PRONYUK Erkin MUSABAEV Yi-ping DANG Lei ZHAO Department of Infectious Diseases Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineHubei University of Chinese MedicineHuanggang 438000China Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430065China Department of Liver Diseases Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhan 430061China Department of Medical Biosciences Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of the Western CapeBellvilleCape Town 7535South Africa Department of Infectious Diseases Bogomolets National Medical UniversityKyiv 02132Ukraine The Research institute of Virology Ministry of HealthTashkent 100122Uzbekistan Department of Vascular Surgery Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China

Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind.In the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and safety.Even today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape the fear and suffering caused by infectious diseases.Whether in ancient or modern times,the source of infection,route of transmission,and a susceptible population are the three key conditions for the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases.All factors closely related to these three conditions can affect the prevalence of infectious diseases.China is one of the cradles of world civilization.The ancient people accumulated a great deal of experience and lessons in the long struggle against infectious diseases.In the face of the current threat posed by widespread infectious disease,it is imperative to review and summarize ancient Chinese ideas and health policies on epidemic prevention and control to inspire contemporary efforts in the prevention and control of infectious disease.The combination of prevention-oriented epidemic prevention ideology and traditional medicine provides valuable insights,especially for impoverished and medically underserved regions.

关键词： infectious diseases Chinese medicine public health historical review

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Small but big leaps towards neuroglycomics:exploring N-glycome in the brain to advance the understanding of brain development and function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 489-490页

作者： Boyoung Lee Hyun Joo An Center for Cognition and Sociality Institute for Basic Science(IBS)DaejeonSouth Korea Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site DaejeonSouth Korea Graduate School of Analytical Science&Technology Chungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea

Glycosylation is a process that involves the addition of sugar moieties or glycans to different types of molecules,including proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.Among these,protein glycosylation is one of the most prevalent forms of post-translational modification,playing a crucial role in biological complexity.With more than ten monosaccharides identified within mammalian brain cells and more than 1×1012 possible combinations,the heterogeneity of glycosylation is extensive(Conroy et al.,2021).The diversity of glycans and the complexity of their structures allow for a wide range of protein functions.N-glycans are one of the most abundant forms of glycans and are involved in various cellular functions.N-glycans can be added to proteins at specific sequons,Asn-X-Ser/Thr,and are classified into three main types in mature glycoproteins:high mannose,complex,and hybrid.High mannose N-glycans consist of 5-9 mannose residues linked to a chitobiose core and undergo processing into complex or hybrid forms in the Golgi apparatus(Varki et al.,2017).Complex N-glycans are more diverse and contain various branched structures such as antennae with fucose,galactose,and sialic acid residues.Hybrid N-glycans contain one or more complex branches in conjunction with an oligomannose branch(fisher and Ungar,2016).Understanding the specific functions of these different types of N-glycans in protein regulation,folding,and function is an active area of research in the life sciences,including glycobiology.

关键词： functions function apparatus

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