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Optimizing the key parameter to accelerate the recovery of AMOC under a rapid increase of greenhouse gas forcing

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 39-45页

作者： Haolan Ren Fei Zheng Tingwei Cao Qiang Wang International Center for Climate and Environment Science(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjingChina CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences and Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)QingdaoChina

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC)plays a central role in long-term climate variations through its heat and freshwater transports,which can collapse under a rapid increase of greenhouse gas forcing in climate *** studies have suggested that the deviation of model parameters is one of the major factors in inducing inaccurate AMOC *** this work,with a low-resolution earth system model,the authors try to explore whether a reasonable adjustment of the key model parameter can help to re-establish the AMOC after its *** a new optimization strategy,the extra freshwater flux(FWF)parameter is determined to be the dominant one affecting the AMOC’s *** traditional ensemble optimal interpolation(EnOI)data assimilation and new machine learning methods are adopted to optimize the FWF parameter in an abrupt 4×CO_(2) forcing experiment to improve the adaptability of model parameters and accelerate the recovery of *** results show that,under an abrupt 4×CO_(2) forcing in millennial simulations,the AMOC will first collapse and then re-establish by the default FWF parameter ***,during the parameter adjustment process,the saltier and colder sea water over the North Atlantic region are the dominant factors in usefully improving the adaptability of the FWF parameter and accelerating the recovery of AMOC,according to their physical relationship with FWF on the interdecadal timescale.

关键词： Recovery of AMOC 4×CO_(2)forcing Key parameter Parameter estimation Data assimilation Machine learning

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An Arctic sea ice thickness variability revealed from satellite altimetric measurements

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第11期33卷 134-140页

作者： BI Haibo HUANG Haijun SU Qiao YAN Liwen LIU Yanxia XU Xiuli Key laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences The first institute of oceanology State Oceanic Administration

A modified algorithm taking into account the first year（FY） and multiyear（MY） ice densities is used to derive a sea ice thickness from freeboard measurements acquired by satellite altimetry ICESat（2003–2008）. Estimates agree with various independent in situ measurements within 0.21 m. Both the fall and winter campaigns see a dramatic extent retreat of thicker MY ice that survives at least one summer melting season. There were strong seasonal and interannual variabilities with regard to the mean thickness. Seasonal increases of 0.53 m for FY the ice and 0.29 m for the MY ice between the autumn and the winter ICESat campaigns, roughly 4–5 month separation, were found. Interannually, the significant MY ice thickness declines over the consecutive four ICESat winter campaigns（2005–2008） leads to a pronounced thickness drop of 0.8 m in MY sea ice zones. No clear trend was identified from the averaged thickness of thinner, FY ice that emerges in autumn and winter and melts in summer. Uncertainty estimates for our calculated thickness, caused by the standard deviations of multiple input parameters including freeboard, ice density, snow density, snow depth, show large errors more than 0.5 m in thicker MY ice zones and relatively small standard deviations under 0.5 m elsewhere. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is implemented to determine the separate impact on the thickness estimate in the dependence of an individual input variable as mentioned above. The results show systematic bias of the estimated ice thickness appears to be mainly caused by the variations of freeboard as well as the ice density whereas the snow density and depth brings about relatively insignificant errors.

关键词： satellite altimetry ice thickness Arctic first-year ice multiyear ice

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Picophytoplankton abundance and community structure in the Philippine Sea,western Pacific

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2010年第1期28卷 88-95页

作者：赵三军魏建伟岳海东肖天 institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences first institute of oceanology State Oceanic Administration

Flow cytometric determinations of the abundance distribution picophytoplankton （i.e. Prochlorococcus spp., orange fluorescence and community structure of Svnechococcus spp. and picoeukaryotes） were used for samples taken from the Philippine Sea in the western tropical Pacific Ocean from September to October of 2004. A fluorescence probe was employed to detect Chlorophyll a （Chl a）. Abundances of Prochlorococcus spp., orange fluorescence Synechococcus spp. and picoeukaryotes ranged from 0.1 to 58×10^3 cells ml^-1, 0.38 to 17×10^2 cells ml^-1 and 0.42 to 26×10^2 cells ml^-1, respectively. Synechococcus spp. and picoeukaryotes co-occurred in relatively shallow water with the maximum abundance observed at 50 to 70 m depth, while Prochlorococcus spp. only occurred in the 70 to 200 m layer. Prochlorococcus spp. was the dominant picophytoplankton population in terms of abundance and biomass. The cell size and carbon biomass content were estimated for the three picophytoplankton groups. In addition, among the three groups of picophytoplankton, the relative contribution of red fluorescence to the total red fluorescence varied with depth. The fluorescence and light scatter properties of individual cells indicated that in the upper 100 m layer, picoeukaryotes were a major contributor to total red fluorescence, while at the depth below 100 m, Prochlorococcus spp. and Synechococcus spp. made an important contribution to the total red fluorescence.

关键词： picophytoplankton community structure flow cytometry carbon biomass Philippine Sea

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Assessment of introduced Kappaphycus (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) species relationships in China with molecular markers

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第2期32卷 59-65页

作者： LIU Chenlin HUANG Xiaohang LIU Jianguo Marine Ecological Center The First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration institute of oceanology the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Due to morphological plasticity and paucity of diagnostic morphological characters, the taxonomy of Kap- paphycus gets more and more confused with the expanding of commercial cultivation. In this study, the phylogenetic relationship of 13 strains of introduced Kappaphycus species in China was defined using DNA molecular markers, such as 18S rDNA, rbcL and cox2-cox3 spacer region. The resolutions obtained by three different molecular markers were compared： both cox2--cox3 spacer region and rbcL sequences are eligible in inter- species identification of Kappaphycus, whereas cox2-cox3 spacer region is more variable than rbcL sequence. There is several basepairs＇ discrepancy among 18S rDNA sequences, while it is 100% identical among both cox2-cox3 spacer region and rbcL sequences of the ten strains of K. alvarezii. We suppose that 18S rDNA sequence can provide more information in biogeography study of Kappaphycus than other two DNA sequences.

关键词： 18S rDNA, cox2-cox3 spacer region, molecular marker, Kappaphycus rbcL

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Numerical Wave Flume Study on Wave Motion Around Submerged Plates

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海洋工程：英文版 2003年第3期17卷 397-406页

作者：齐鹏侯一筠 institute of oceanology

Nonlinear interaction between surface waves and a submerged horizontal plate is investigated in the absorbed numerical wave flume developed based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The governing equations of the numerical model are the continuity equation and the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the k-ε turbulence equations. Incident waves are generated by an absorbing wave-maker that eliminates the waves reflected from structures. Results are obtained for a range of parameters, with consideration of the condition under which the reflection coefficient becomes maximal and the transmission coefficient minimal. Wave breaking over the plate, vortex shedding downwave, and pulsating flow below the plate are observed. Time-averaged hydrodynamic force reveals a negative drift force. All these characteristics provide a reference for construction of submerged plate breakwaters.

关键词： wave-body interaction vortex flow Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations submerged plate

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A statistical dynamics model of the marine ecosystem and its application in Jiaozhou Bay

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2011年第4期29卷 905-911页

作者：石洪华王宗灵方国洪郑伟胡龙 The first institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan University

Models of marine ecosystem dynamics play an important role in revealing the evolution mechanisms of marine ecosystems and in forecasting their future changes. Most traditional ecological dynamics models are established based on basic physical and biological laws, and have obvious dynamic characteristics and ecological significance. However, they are not flexible enough for the variability of environment conditions and ecological processes found in offshore marine areas, where it is often difficult to obtain parameters for the model, and the precision of the model is often low. In this paper, a new modeling method is introduced, which aims to establish an evolution model of marine ecosystems by coupling statistics with differential dynamics. firstly, we outline the basic concept and method of inverse modeling of marine ecosystems. Then we set up a statistical dynamics model of marine ecosystems evolution according to annual ecological observation data from Jiaozhou Bay. This was done under the forcing conditions of sea surface temperature and surface irradiance and considering the state variables of phytoplankton, zooplankton and nutrients. This model is dynamic, makes the best of field observation data, and the average predicted precision can reach 90% or higher. A simpler model can be easily obtained through eliminating the terms with smaller contributions according to the weight coefficients of model differential items. The method proposed in this paper avoids the difficulties of obtaining and optimizing parameters, which exist in traditional research, and it provides a new path for research of marine ecological dynamics.

关键词： statistical dynamics modeling inverse method marine ecosystem dynamics Jiaozhou Bay

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An altimetric transport index for Kuroshio inflow northeast of Taiwan Island

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第5期58卷 697-706页

作者： YAN XiaoMei SUN Che institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Kuroshio inflow northeast of Taiwan Island plays an important role in the heat and nutrient balances over the East China Sea(ECS). Based on merged satellite altimeter data and the PCM-1 mooring observation at the East Taiwan Channel(ETC), the study employs a correlation iteration scheme to find the optimal transport index for the Kuroshio inflow. The sea level difference with the highest correlation to the ETC transport is across the ECS shelf break rather than along the PCM-1 line. The counter-intuitive result is caused by large signal noise and poor track coverage of altimeters near the Taiwan coast. The optimal altimetric index is highly correlated with the two-year in-situ measurements as well as the ten-year output of the global assimilation model. It serves as a better estimator of Kuroshio inflow than those using tidal gauge data, and helps pinpoint a 5 cm mismatch of mean sea level in the Keelung tidal record. The mean transport of Kuroshio inflow based on the twenty-year altimetric index is 20.55 Sv with a standard deviation of 3.05 Sv. Wavelet spectrum of the index reveals that semi-annual period dominates the Kuroshio variation northeast of Taiwan Island.

关键词： Kuroshio inflow East Taiwan Channel tidal record in-situ mooring altimeter

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Expression and enzymatic characterization of a cold-adapted β-agarase from Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas ***21

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2015年第2期33卷 319-327页

作者：李江沙玉杰 Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration (SOA) institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

An agar-degrading bacterium, designated as Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ21, was isolated from an Antarctic sediment sample. The agarase gene aga1161 from Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ21 consisting of a 2 382-bp coding region was cloned. The gene encodes a 793-amino acids protein and was found to possess characteristic features of the Glyco_hydro 42 family. The recombinant agarase （rAgal 161） was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified as a fusion protein. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that the optimum temperature and pH for the purified recombinant agarase were 30--40℃ and 8.0, respectively. rAga 1161 was found to maintain as much as 80% of its maximum activity at 10℃, which is typical of a cold- adapted enzyme. The pattern of agar hydrolysis demonstrated that the enzyme is an β-agarase, producing neoagarobiose （NA2） as the final main product. Furthermore, this work is the first proof of an agarolytic activity in Antarctic bacteria and these results indicate the potential for the Antarctic agarase as a catalyst in medicine, food and cosmetic industries.

关键词： Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas agarase expression enzymatic characterization

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Observational evidence of the Yellow Sea warm current

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2010年第3期28卷 677-683页

作者：于非张志欣刁新源郭景松 Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) is one of the principal currents in the Yellow Sea in winter. Former examinations on current activity in the Yellow Sea have not observed a stable YSWC because of the positioning of current meters. To further understand the YSWC, a research cruise in the southern Yellow Sea was carried out in the winter of 2006/2007. Five moorings with bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) were deployed on the western side of the central trough of the Yellow Sea. The existence and distributional features of the YSWC were studied by analyzing three ADCP moorings in the path of the YSWC in conjunction with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) data over the observed area in the southern Yellow Sea. The results show the following. (1) The upper layer of the YSWC is strongly influenced by winter cold surge; its direction and speed often vary along a south-north axis when strong cold surges arrive from the north. (2) The YSWC near the bottom layer is a stable northwest flowing current with a speed of 4 to 10 cm/s. By combining the analyses of the CTD data, we speculate that the core of the YSWC may lie near the bottom. (3) On a monthly average timescale, the YSWC is stably oriented with northward flow from the sea surface to the sea floor.

关键词： Yellow Sea Warm Current bottom layer ADCP

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Effect of Fe^(3+) on the growth and lipid content of Isochrysis galbana

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2014年第1期32卷 47-53页

作者：刘志媛王广策 College of oceanology Hainan University institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Inducing lipid accumulation in microalgae cells without suppressing cell growth is vital to the economical production ofbiodiesel from microalgae. In two experiments, we demonstrate that the eel1 concentration and lipid content of marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana depend upon the iron concentration in the growth media. In Experiment I, adding chelated FeC13 to the medium at the late exponential growth phase prolonged this phase and increased the lipid content in I. galbana cells. The final cell density and lipid content of I. galbana supplemented with chelated FeC13 was approximately 2 and 1.65 times higher than that of non-supplemented cultures, respectively. In Experiment II, I. galbana cells in the late exponential phase were collected and re-inoculated into new media containing Fe3＋ at various concentrations. The final cell concentration and lipid content were maximized at the highest iron concentration （38% biomass by dry weight at 1.2×10^-5 mol/L Fe3＋）. In this study, intracellular neutral lipid storage was evaluated by fluorescent spectrophotometry using fluorochrome Nile red, and the measurement conditions were optimized.

关键词： biodiesel cell density iron microalgae Nile red

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