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food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第9期3卷 1189-1196页

作者： Tiina Ritvanen Tiina Putkonen Kimmo Peltonen Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Helsinki Finland

The objective of this study was to survey the fatty acid profiles of fat spreads, margarines, shortenings, vegetable fat ice creams, vegetable fat milk-based cream substitutes, vegetable fat cheese substitutes, and reduced-fat cheeses on the finnish market. The evaluation of the nutritional quality of fat in these products is of significance to dieticians and to the development of fat products with enhanced nutritional value. Remarkable differences between fatty acid profiles of vegetable fat products were found. Vegetable fat ice creams may have a lot of saturated fat and, in addition, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids may be very low. Vegetable fat half creams had, in general, less saturated fat and more polyunsaturated fatty acids than cream. The spreads and shortenings studied contained less than 2% trans fatty acids of total fatty acids. Consumption of reduced-fat cheese in place of full-fat cheese does not negatively affect the nutritional quality of the consumed fat.

关键词： Cream Fatty Acid Profile Margarine Reduced-Fat Cheese Shortening Trans Fatty Acid Vegetable Fat

Occurrence of mycotoxins in food,feed,and milk in two counties from different agro-ecological zones and with historical outbreak of aflatoxins and fumonisins poisonings in Kenya

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food Quality and safety 2017年第3期1卷 161-169页

作者： E.K.Kang’ethe A.J.Sirma G.Murithi C.K.Mburugu-Mosoti E.O.Ouko H.J.Korhonen G.J.Nduhiu J.K.Mungatu V.Joutsjoki E.Lindfors S.Ramo Department of Public Health Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of NairobiBox 29053-00625 NairobiKenya Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and FisheriesPrivate Bag KabeteNairobiKenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Box 62000-00200NairobiKenya Natural Resources Institute Finland LUKE Jokioinen F1-31600JokioinenFinland finnish food safety authority evira mustialankatu 3 00790HelsinkiFinland

Aflatoxins and fumonisins contaminate cereals during pre-and post-harvest *** this study,household or market maize,sorghum,millet,cow or goat milk,and animal feed samples collected from two counties(Makueni and Nandi)of Kenya and were analyzed for aflatoxins and fumonisins using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmation with high performance liquid *** was a significant difference(P3%and 90%of the maize samples were contaminated with fumonisins and 34%and 6%exceeded the 2 ppm limit in Makueni and Nandi,respectively;30%and 37%of homegrown sorghum and millet samples exceeded the 10 ppb limit for aflatoxin in Makueni and Nandi,respectively;and 89%and 81%of homegrown millet samples in Makueni and Nandi,respectively,were positive for fumonisins and 22%and 7%in Makueni and Nandi,respectively,exceeded the 2 ppm fumonisins *** total,52%and 87%of the milk samples in Nandi and Makueni,respectively,were contaminated with aflatoxin M1 and 8%of the samples from Makueni exceeded the 50 ppt *** is an urgent need to build capacity among the households on cheap,practical,and effective technologies that would reduce the proportions of food samples contaminated with aflatoxins and fumonisins.

关键词： aflatoxins fumonisins contamination cereals agro-ecological zones Kenya.

Investigation of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>Bioserotype 4/O:3 Clusters in Finland, 2017-2018

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第2期11卷 185-195页

作者： Sari Huusko Saara Salmenlinna Annika Pihlajasaari Saija Hallanvuo Jukka Ollgren Ruska Rimhanen-Finne finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland finnish food authority Helsinki Finland

In December 2017, two suspected outbreaks of Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 were notified in Finland. We analyzed the surveillance and outbreak investigation data and genotyped Y. enterocolitica strains in order to understand Y. enterocolitica epidemiology in Finland and to find out whether the notified outbreaks were related. A total of 13,344 Y. enterocolitica cases were reported in 1995-2018 to the National Infectious Diseases Register. The mean annual incidence ranged from 7.9 to 15.9/100,000 inhabitants. The highest incidence was observed in young adults (14/100,000). Incidence varied geographically. The incidence was higher in spring compared to other seasons. The most common pathogenic bioserotype was 4/O:3 but the information on bio/serotype was missing in 64% of the surveillance cases. For most of the cases, 87%, no travel history was reported. In the YE 4/O:3 outbreak investigation, whole genome sequencing was performed for isolates from 29/69 (42%) of the outbreak cases. The sequencing results showed that cases consisted of six independent clusters with 2 - 6 isolates in each cluster, and 5 sporadic isolates. No food item was found to be common to all of the clusters. In order to improve monitoring and facilitate the detection and investigation of Y. enterocolitica outbreaks, more comprehensive information on bio/serotype and on travel history is required in the surveillance.

关键词： Outbreak Whole Genome Sequencing Yersinia enterocolitica

Invasion of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Europe： History of colonization, features behind its success, and threats to native fauna

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 584-598页

作者： Kaarina KAUHALA Rafal KOWALCZYK finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute Itaiinen Pitkakatu 3 A FI-20520 Turku Finland Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences 17-230 Bialowieza Poland

We aimed to review the history of the introduction and colonization of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Europe, the features behind its successful expansion and its impact on native fauna. The raccoon dog quickly colonized new areas after being introduced to the European part of the former Soviet Union. Today it is widespread in Northern and Eastern Europe and is still spreading in Central Europe. Features behind its success include its adaptability, high reproductive potential, omnivory, hibernation in northem areas, multiple introductions with 〉 9000 individuals from different localities, and tendency to wander enabling gene flow between populations. Firm evidence of the raccoon dog＇s negative impact on native fauna, such as a reduction in bird populations, is still scarce. Raccoon dogs may destroy waterfowl nests, although a nest predation study in Latvia did not confirm this. Predator removal studies in Finland suggested that the raccoon dog＇s impact on game birds is smaller than expected. However, raccoon dogs may have caused local extinction of frog populations, especially on islands. Raccoon dogs may compete with other carnivores for food, for example for carrion in winter, or for the best habitat patches. In northern Europe potential competitors include the red fox Vulpes vulpes and the badger Meles meles, but studies of their diets or habitat preferences do not indicate severe competition. The raccoon dog is an important vector of diseases and parasites, such as rabies, Echinococcus mul-tilocularis and Trichinella spp. and this is no doubt the most severe consequence arising from the spread of this alien species in Europe [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 584-598, 2011].

关键词： Nyctereutes procyonoides Competition Introduction Predation Vector of diseases and parasites

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Elite Cross-Country Skiers After a Competition Season:A Case-Control Study

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 254-262页

作者： Raakel Luoto Olli Ruuskanen Johanna K.Ihalainen Satu Pekkala Jukka Hintikka Noora Kanerva Matti Waris Olli J.Heinonen Maarit Valtonen Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of TurkuPL 5220521 TurkuFinland Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland Department of food and Nutrition University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Institute of Biomedicine Department of Clinical VirologyUniversity of TurkuTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity University of TurkuTurkuFinland finnish Institute of High Performance KIHURautpohjankatu640700 JyväskyläFinland

Purpose Whether elite athletes,who have been exposed to vigorous-intensity exercise combined with other stressors,have elevated systemic low-grade inflammation,remains largely *** address this question,we studied the levels of six inflammatory cytokines as potential biomarkers of a low-grade inflammatory state in elite athletes after an 11-month train-ing and competition *** We collected sera from 27 finnish elite cross-country skiers and 27 gender-and age-matched,moderately-exer-cising *** serum concentrations of C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),glycoprotein acetyls(GlycA),interleukin 10(IL-10),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ)cytokines were quantified as surrogate markers of low-grade *** The athletes were found to have significantly lower concentrations of CRP(P=0.0232)and higher concentrations of IL-10,TNF-α,and IFN-γ(P=0.0097,P=0.0256,and P=0.0185,respectively)than the *** significant differences between athletes and controls were detected in the concentrations of IL-6 and *** inflammatory score(IS)did not differ significantly between athletes and *** The results of this study argued against the hypothesis of a significant chronic low-grade inflammation in response to prolonged high-performance exercise among elite endurance athletes.

关键词： Athlete Biomarker Chronic low-grade inflammation Exercise GlycA Inflammation

Survival of transplanted nests of the red wood ant Formica aquilonia （Hymenoptera： Formicidae）： The effects of intraspecific competition and forest clear-cutting

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 486-492页

作者： Jouni Sorvari Esa Huhta Harri Hakkarainen 1 Section of Ecology Department of Biology FI-20014 University of Turku Finland Department of Environmental Science University of Eastern Finland P.O. Box 1627 FI-70211 Kuopio Finland finnish Forest Research Institute Rovaniemi Research Unit P.O. Box 16 FI-96301 Rovaniemi Finland

The fitness and survival of ant colonies depend on the resources near their nests. These resources may be limited due to poor habitat quality or by intra- and interspecific competitions, which in extreme cases may cause the ant colony to perish. We tested the effect of intraspecific competition and habitat degradation （forest clear-cutting） on colony survival by transplanting 26 nests of the red wood ant （Formica aquilonia Yarrow, 1955） in 26 different forest areas that contained 0-11 conspecific alien nests per hectare. F. aquilonia is highly dependent on canopy-dwelling aphids, thus the removal of trees should cause food limitation. During the course of the 4-year experiment, 9 of the forests were partially clear- cut. We found that while forest clear-cutting significantly decreased the colonies＇ survival, intraspecific competition did not. As a highly polygynous and polydomous species, E aquilonia seems to tolerate the presence of alien conspecific colonies to a certain extent.

关键词： colony survival habitat degradation polydomy red wood ants relocationexperiment

Flexible mating tactics and associated reproductive effort during the rutting season in male reindeer （Rangifer tarandus, L. 1758）

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 802-810页

作者： Eliana PINTUS Stefania UCCHEDDU Knut H. RФED Javier Perez GONZALEZ Juan CARRANZA Mauri NIEMINEN Фystein HOLAND Department of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Kamycka 129 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol Czech Republic Ungulate Research Unit Game and Fish Research Center University of Cordoba 14071 Cordoba Spain Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences EO. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033 Oslo Norway Guarderia Rural Mancomunidad de Municipios Centro (MIMC) 06810 Calamonte Spain finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute Reindeer Research Station 99910 Kaamanen Finland Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences RO. Box 5003 N-1432 As Norway

Polygynous males can change their mating tactics across their lifetime, but information is scarce on the flexibility of this trait within a given season and the relative costs and benefits of using different tactics. Here, we monitored individually marked male reindeer Rangifer tarandus and classified their mating tactics as harem-defense, sneaking, or mixed. The costs of the male reproductive effort were assessed using both direct （i.e. percentage of body mass lost） and indirect measures （i.e. activity patterns such as feeding, standing, and walking）, while mating group size and reproductive success were recorded as mating ef- fort benefits. Our results show that reindeer males may switch between the harem-defense and sneaking tactics throughout the same breeding season, providing further support to the notion that reproductive tactics are flexible in ungulates. The costs and benefits of male mating effort vary according to the mating tactic, reaching the highest values in harem-holders and the lowest values in sneaking males. Moreover, males who switched between the sneaking tactic and the harem-defence tactic tended to achieve higher mating success than males who consistently used the least costly tactic. Indeed, all harem-holders successfully sired offspring, whereas only two out of three mixed-tactic males sired one calf, and sneaking males did not sire any calves. In conclusion, our results show that reindeer males can modulate their mating efforts during the same breeding season by switching between the most costly harem-defense tactic and the least costly sneaking tactic, suggesting individual solutions to the balance between reproductive effort and mating opportunities [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 802-810, 2015].

关键词： Alternative mating tactics Intraspecific variation Phenotypic flexibility Polygynous ungulate Sexual behaviour

Diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome distinguishable by 16S rRNA gene phylotype quantification

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第47期15卷 5936-5945页

作者： Anna Lyra Teemu Rinttil Janne Nikkil Lotta Krogius-Kurikka Kajsa Kajander Erja Malinen Jaana Mtt Laura Mkel Airi Palva Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of HelsinkiHelsinki 00014Finland Alimetrics Ltd. EspooEspoo 02920Finland Valio Ltd. Research CentreHelsinki 00370 Finland Institute of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine University of HelsinkiHelsinki 00014Finland VTT Biotechnology VTTEspoo 02044Finland The finnish Red Cross Blood ServiceHelsinki 00310Finland Institute of Clinical Medicine University of HelsinkiHelsinki 00014Finland

AIM:To study whether selected bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene phylotypes are capable of disting- uishing irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). METHODS:The faecal microbiota of twenty volunteers with IBS,subdivided into eight diarrhoea-predominant (IBS-D),eight constipation-predominant(IBS-C)and four mixed symptom-subtype(IBS-M)IBS patients,and fifteen control subjects,were analysed at three time-points with a set of fourteen quantitative real-timepolymerase chain reaction *** assays targeted 16S rRNA gene phylotypes putatively associated with IBS,based on 16S rRNA gene library sequence analysis. The target phylotypes were affiliated with Actinobac-teria,Bacteroidetes and *** of the target phylotypes had less than 95%similarity to cultured bacterial species according to their 16S rRNA gene *** data analyses were made with repeated-measures ANCOVA-type modelling of the data and principle component analysis(PCA)with linear mixed-effects models applied to the principal component scores. RESULTS:Bacterial phylotypes Clostridium cocleatum 88%,Clostridium thermosuccinogenes 85%,Coprobacillus catenaformis 91%,Ruminococcus bromii-like, Ruminococcus torques 91%,and *** 93%were detected from all samples analysed.A multivariate analysis of the relative quantities of all 14 bacterial 16S rRNA gene phylotypes suggested that the intestinal microbiota of the IBS-D patients differed from other sample *** PCA on the first principal component(PC1),explaining 30.36%of the observed variation in the IBS-D patient group,was significantly altered from all other sample groups(IBS-D vs control, P=0.01;IBS-D vs IBS-M,P=0.00;IBS-D vs IBS-C, P=0.05).Significant differences were also observed in the levels of distinct phylotypes using relative values in proportion to the total amount of bacteria.A phy- lotype with 85%similarity to *** was quantified in significantly different quantities among the IBS-D and control subjects(-4.08±0.90 vs -

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome Intestinal microbiota Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 16S ribosomal RNA

Canopy Roughness:A New Phenotypic Trait to Estimate Aboveground Biomass from Unmanned Aerial System

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 419-428页

作者： Monica Herrero-Huerta Alexander Bucksch Eetu Puttonen Katy M.Rainey Department of Agronomy Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering Higher Polytechnic School of AvilaUniversity of SalamancaAvilaSpain Institute for Plant Sciences College of AgriculturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Plant Biology University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Institute of Bioinformatics University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA finnish Geospatial Research Institute National Land Survey of FinlandMasalaFinland

Cost-effective phenotyping methods are urgently needed to advance crop genetics in order to meet the food,fuel,and fiber demands of the coming ***,characterizing plot level traits in fields is of particular *** developments in highresolution imaging sensors for UAS(unmanned aerial systems)focused on collecting detailed phenotypic measurements are a potential *** introduce canopy roughness as a new plant plot-level *** tested its usability with soybean by optical data collected from UAS to estimate *** validate canopy roughness on a panel of 108 soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]recombinant inbred lines in a multienvironment trial during the R^(2) growth stage.A senseFly eBee UAS platform obtained aerial images with a senseFly *** digital *** a structure from motion(SfM)technique,we reconstructed 3D point clouds of the soybean experiment.A novel pipeline for feature extraction was developed to compute canopy roughness from point *** used regression analysis to correlate canopy roughness with field-measured aboveground biomass(AGB)with a leave-one-out ***,our models achieved a coefficient of determination(R^(2))greater than 0.5 in all ***,we found that canopy roughness has the ability to discern AGB variations among different *** test trials demonstrate the potential of canopy roughness as a reliable trait for high-throughput phenotyping to estimate *** such,canopy roughness provides practical information to breeders in order to select phenotypes on the basis of UAS data.

关键词： soybean Biomass roughness

Effects of the viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on rotavirus infection in neonatal rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第41期18卷 5925-5931页

作者： Hanna Ventola Liisa Lehtoranta Mari Madetoja Marja-Leena Simonen-Tikka Leena Maunula Merja Roivainen Riitta Korpela Reetta Holma Institute of Biomedicine PharmacologyUniversity of HelsinkiFI-00014 HelsinkiFinland Toxis Ltd Oy Lemmink isenkatu 14-18 CFI-20520 TurkuFinland Intestinal Viruses Unit National Institute for Health and WelfareFI-00271 HelsinkiFinland Department of food Hygiene and Environmental Health University of HelsinkiFI-00014 HelsinkiFinland

AIM:To study the effects of live and dead Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(GG) on rotavirus infection in a neonatal rat ***:At the age of 2 d,suckling Lewis rat pups were supplemented with either live or dead GG and the treatment was continued daily throughout the *** the age of 5 and 6 d the pups received oral rotavirus(RV) SA-11 *** pups were sacrificed at the age of 7 or 8 d by *** gastrointestinal tract was removed and macroscopic observations were *** consistency of feces in the colon was classified using a four-tier *** was detected from the plasma,small intestine,colon and feces by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS:In this neonatal rat model,RV induced a mild-to-moderate diarrhea in all except one pup of the RV-inoculated *** moderately reduced body weight development from day 6 *** day 7,after 2 d of RV infection,live and dead GG groups gained significantly more weight than the RV group without probiotics [36%(P = 0.001) and 28%(P = 0.031),respectively].In addition,when compared with the RV control group,both live and dead GG reduced the weight ratio of colon/animal body weight to the same level as in the healthy control group,with reductions of 22%(P = 0.002) and 28%(P < 0.001),*** increased moderately in both GG ***,the diarrhea incidence and severity in the GG groups were not statistically significantly different as compared with the RV control ***,observed diarrhea did not provoke weight loss or *** RV control group had the largest amount of RV PCR-positive samples among the RV-infected groups,and the live GG group had the smallest *** receiving live GG had significantly less RV in the colon(P = 0.027) when compared with the RV control *** GG was also more effective over dead GG in reducing the quantity of RV from plasma(P = 0.047).CONCLUSION:Both live and dead GG have beneficial effects in RV *** may

关键词： Diarrhea lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Neonatal rat Rotavirus Viability