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The challenge of combining variable retention and prescribed burning in finland

Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 46-57页

作者： Henrik Lindberg Pekka Punttila Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa Häme University of Applied Sciences Visamäentie 35 A Box 230FI-13101 HämeenlinnaFinland Finnish Environment Institute Latokartanonkaari 11FI-00790 HelsinkiFinland Natural Resources Institute finland(Luke) Latokartanonkaari 9FI-00790 HelsinkiFinland

Historically,wildfires have played an important role in forest dynamics in *** finland,the annually burned area has diminished in recent *** has led to a decline of fire-adapted habitat types and species,many of which have become *** Fennoscandia,there is a long tradition of silvicultural burnings to enhance tree ***,prescribed burnings have been modified for biodiversity goals following the recommendations that have emerged from ecological *** biodiversity gains can be obtained by combining sufficient retention levels with ***,burning and retention have been recommended by recent national red-list assessments,strategies,and forest-management guidelines,and they have been adopted in forest-certification standards in *** to these recommendations,the opposite development has taken place:(1)the ecological efficiency of the criterion concerning prescribed burning in the PEFC forestcertification standard has been impaired,(2)state funding to encourage private forest owners to apply prescribed burning was reduced significantly,and(3)prescribed burnings have been abandoned altogether in commercial state-owned *** burnings with variable retention have also been partially replaced with burning of small retention-tree *** new method is less risky and cheaper,but its ecological benefits are questionable because small-sized fires produce much smaller areas of burned forest soil with less fire-affected wood than traditional silvicultural ***,the widely accepted goal to increase burnings with retention appears difficult to achieve and would require stronger political will and economic support from the *** identified several actions that could improve the weakened situation of fire-dependent biodiversity and recommend the following:(1)setting a clear goal and ensuring sufficient funding for the burnings—including restoration burnings in co

关键词： Biodiversity Conservation areas Fire-dependent species Forest certification Red-listed species Restoration burnings

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Low-level retention forestry, certification, and biodiversity: case finland

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 580-592页

作者： Timo Kuuluvainen Henrik Lindberg Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa Petri Keto-Tokoi Pekka Punttila Department of Forest Sciences University of HelsinkiP.O.Box 27FI-00014 HelsinkiFinland Häme University of Applied Sciences P.O Box 230FI-13100 HämeenlinnaFinland Natural Resources Institute finland(Luke) Latokartanonkaari 9FI-00790 HelsinkiFinland Tampere University of Applied Sciences PO Box 21FI-33521 TampereFinland Finnish Environment Institute Latokartanonkaari 11FI-00790 HelsinkiFinland

In managed forests,leaving retention trees during final harvesting has globally become a common approach to reconciling the often conflicting goals of timber production and safeguarding biodiversity and delivery of several ecosystem *** finland,the dominant certification scheme requires leaving low levels of retention that can benefit some specific ***,species responses are dependent on the level of retention and the current low amounts of retention clearly do not provide the habitat quality and continuity needed for declining and redlisted forest species which are dependent on old living trees and coarse woody *** factors contribute to this ***,the ecological benefits of the current low retention levels are further diminished by monotonous standwise use of retention,resulting in low variability of retention habitat at the landscape ***,the prevailing timber-oriented management thinking may regard retention trees as an external cost to be minimized,rather than as part of an integrated approach to managing the ecosystem for specific ***,the main obstacles of development may still be institutional and *** development of retention practices in finland indicates that the aim has not been to use ecological understanding to attain specific ecological sustainability goals,but rather to define the lowest level of retention that still allows access to the *** conclude that prevailing retention practices in finland currently lack ecological credibility in safeguarding biodiversity and they should urgently be developed based on current scientific knowledge to meet ecological sustainability goals.

关键词： Boreal forest Ecological sustainability Legacy structure Forest dynamics Forest certification Forest structure PEFC certification

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Incidence of pediatric injury visits decreased while trauma surgeries remained stable during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in finland:a register-based study

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2021年第4期4卷 47-51页

作者： Joonas Kuorikoski Ilari Kuitunen Mikko Uimonen Ville M Mattila Ville Ponkilainen Department of Surgery Central Finland Central HospitalJyvaskylaFinland Department of Pediatrics Mikkeli Central HospitalMikkeliFinland Department of Pediatrics University of Eastern FinlandMikkeliFinland Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Tampere University HospitalTampereFinland Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere UniversityTampereFinland

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced pediatric emergency department(ED)visits and *** study evaluates the incidence of pediatric trauma ED visits and surgeries in finland during the first and second waves of the *** Three large Finnish hospitals,covering one-sixth of the Finnish pediatric population,*** on all ED visits and trauma surgeries between January 2017 and December 2020 were collected from hospital discharge *** incidences with 95%CI were calculated per 100000 person-months by Poisson exact method and compared by incidence rate ratio(IRR).Results During the lockdown the incidence of head injuries(IRR 0.19,95%CI 0.04 to 0.87),sprains(IRR 0.25,95%CI 0.14 to 0.46),and fractures(IRR 0.36,95%CI 0.25 to 0.51)decreased in the 13-17 years age *** the 4-12 years age group a 55%decrease(IRR 0.45,95%CI 0.22 to 0.96)in head injuries was *** the period of regional restrictions a subtle decrease in head injuries was seen in the 13-17 years age group(IRR 0.26,95%CI 0.09 to 0.78).During the lockdown in March 2020 the incidence of fractures decreased in the oldest age group(13-17 years)(IRR 0.62,95%CI 0.46 to 0.85),while a rebound in incidence was seen at the end of the lockdown period in *** The nationwide lockdown and the cancellation of sports and other hobbies markedly decreased the injuries among children aged 13-17 years,while the decrease was lower among children aged 4-12 *** of sports and hobbies did not affect patients under 4 years of age.

关键词： injuries pediatric markedly

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A geologically-based approach to map arsenic risk in crystalline aquifers:Analysis of the Tampere region, finland

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第5期10卷 1731-1741页

作者： Daniele Pedretti Samrit Luoma Timo Ruskeeniemi Birgitta Backman Geological Survey of finland (GTK) EspooFinland Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio” Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly

The study illustrates the critical role of accurate geological structural mapping to delineate crystalline aquifer zones more prone to high health risk due to elevated dissolved As in drinking *** analysis revisits the results from more than 1200 groundwater samples collected over ten years from domestic wells across the Tampere region (finland).It is demonstrated that the highest dissolved As concentrations in the region (up to 2230 mg/L) are exclusively found near major faults and deformation zones (FDZs) detected via geophysical and geological surveys,and that a clear correlation exists between dissolved concentrations and the distance from the FDZs (r).Almost all values exceeding the drinking water limit (10 mg/L) occur at r < 8 km,while concentrations above 100 mg/L occur at r < 4 *** As concentrations in bedrock show less dependency on FDZ than aqueous *** behavior is explained considering different mechanisms,which include enhanced sulfide oxidation and fracture connectivity,promoting preferential transport of dissolved As to FDZs and mixing of waters from different redox zones,mobilizing preferentially As(III) or As(V).Fe hydro-oxides may also precipitate/ dissolve preferentially because of FDZs,while residence time may influence the contact time between water and As-bearing *** is concluded that the accurate mapping of FDZs,and in general of structural geology,provides an important preliminary information to identify where localized,sitespecific characterization of hydrogeology and geochemistry is more urgent to reduce As-related health risk from groundwater intake.

关键词： Arsenic risk Crystalline bedrock Fractured aquifers Heterogeneity finland

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finland is following the trend--sperm quality in Finnish men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第2期15卷 162-164,I0004页

作者： Helena E Virtanen Sergey Sadov Matti Vierula Jorma Toppari Departments of Physiology and Paediatrics University of Turku Turku FI-20520 Finland

Finnish men have had a reputation for good semen quality. This was based on semen studies comparing Finnish men with other Europeans. However, those studies also showed that sperm concentrations of young men from the general population were only two-thirds of those of fertile men. Longitudinal follow-up of semen quality in young Finnish men showed a sig- nificant decline during 1998-2006, suggesting that finland is following the global trend of impaired male reproductive health.

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Wind Power Revenue Potential: Simulation for finland

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Energy Engineering 2021年第4期118卷 1111-1133页

作者： Sakarias Paaso Ali Khosravi Department of Mechanical Engineering Aalto UniversityEspooFinland

Potential revenue from wind power generation is an important factor to be considered when planning a wind power *** the future,that may become even more important because it is known that wind power generation tends to push electricity wholesale prices ***,it is possible that if a region has plenty of installed wind power capacity,revenue per generated unit of electricity is lower there than could be assumed by looking at the mean electricity wholesale *** this paper,we compare 17 different locations in finland in terms of revenue from wind power *** is done by simulating hourly generation with three different turbine types at two different hub heights and multiplying that by the hourly electricity spot price for years 2018 and *** revenues differ greatly between locations and turbine types,major factor being technical potential i.e.,the amount of electricity *** between revenues per generated MWh seem to be small,however,the smallest figures being on the western coast where installed capacities are also the largest in finland.

关键词： Wind power renewable energy resource assessment revenue finland

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Surgery for chronic pancreatitis in finland is rare but seems to produce good long-term results

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第35期9卷 10927-10936页

作者： Mikael Parhiala Juhani Sand Johanna Laukkarinen Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere UniversityTampere 33521Finland Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery Tampere University HospitalTampere 33520Finland

BACKGROUND Abdominal pain in chronic pancreatitis(CP)may require invasive *** procedures are rare,and little is known about the long-term *** To study the nationwide frequency of pancreatic surgery for CP in finland,and postoperative symptoms and quality of life(QoL).METHODS All patients in finland with a diagnosis of CP who had undergone pancreatic surgery during 2000-2008 were selected from a national *** patients with CP as an indication for pancreatic surgery were *** records were studied and questionnaires QLQ-C30,PAN26 and AUDIT,and symptom questionnaires were sent *** During the 9-year period,pancreatic surgery for CP was performed on 30 patients[77%men,median age 45(21-62)years].Eighty-three percent underwent endoscopic procedures before *** was performed a median 2(0-10)years after the original CP diagnosis,and 17%developed postoperative *** pain relief after surgery was reported in 70%of *** for strong pain medication was lower after *** of 21(38%)returned the questionnaires and 88%reported that surgery had reduced their pain and 63%were almost or entirely pain-free at a median 14(10-18)years after *** results did not differ from those in our control Finnish CP *** Surgery for CP is rare in finland and most patients had prior endoscopic *** who returned the questionnaires reported less pain and good QoL during the 14-year follow-up.

关键词： Surgery Pain Chronic pancreatitis Quality of life Complication

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How could finland promote renewable-energy technology innovation and implementation?

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Clean Energy 2021年第3期5卷 447-463页

作者： Eelis Paukku University of Lapland Yliopistonkatu 896300RovaniemiFinland

Several major market failures are hindering renewable energy *** the most significant one of these are negative *** issue hindering renewable energy production is low technological and commercial *** technologies might not become commercially viable in the near future without state *** study aims to analyse Finnish energy policy based on current legislation related to renewable energy production and budget policy related to renewable-energy *** study shows that the polluter-pays principle is implemented quite well in finland due to the emissions trading scheme and ***,this principle is not entirely implemented in electricity production as electricity tax is not based on the carbon intensity of the fuel used,but rather on who uses the *** subsidy policies focus on a short-term increase in renewable energy production as most subsidies are production subsidies granted through a bidding process,making these subsidy policies partly *** policies do not take into account long-term needs for energy policy as much as they could.

关键词： technology neutrality commercial viability subsidy policy state aid tax policy the polluter-pays principle

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Key aspects on the behaviour of the ballast and substructure of a modern railway track:research-based practical observations in finland

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第11期13卷 825-835页

作者： Antti NURMIKOLU Department of Civil Engineering Tampere University of TechnologyTampereFinland

This paper presents an overview on the wide-ranging track structure studies at the Tampere University of Technology(TUT),finland dealing with the key aspects of track geotechnics related to high-speed passenger traffic on ballasted *** attention is paid to ballast and sub-ballast,while also considering frost action,embankment stability,track stiffness,track geometry and transition *** a result,this paper states that understanding the ballast degradation mechanism and its consequences and assessment of its condition occupy an important role in the construction and maintenance of a smooth high-speed rail *** choices related to building the sub-ballast also have a dramatic impact on later track deformations and maintenance *** cold climate,especially where seasonal frost occurs,understanding and taking into account the frost action mechanism is *** in the maintenance and rehabilitation planning of existing tracks,high-class analyses of ground penetrating radar data and its integrated analysis with other data can yield considerable benefits.

关键词： Railway Track Ballast Sub-ballast Substructure Subsoil Frost action Life cycle Ground penetrating radar

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The Participation Experiences of Chinese Teacher Trainees and Their Finnish Teacher Trainer on an In-Service Teacher Training Program Exported From finland to China

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ECNU Review of Education 2023年第3期6卷 385-409页

作者：彭素豪 Ritva Kantelinen Pekka Räihä University of Eastern finland Tampere University

Purpose:This paper aims to examine the participation experiences of a sample of Chinese teacher trainees and their Finnish teacher trainer on an in-service teacher training program exported from finland to Beijing,***/Approach/Methods:Six science teachers from Beijing and their Finnish teacher trainer participated in semi-structured *** the ideological perspective of international education,a total of eight semi-structured interviews were analyzed through qualitative content ***:The results show that all interviewees were highly motivated to learn from the Other's education system and *** participants benefited from a broader understanding of the Self's and the Other's education systems,while others did *** interviewees also described some participation challenges,such as language barriers and practices that adapted learner-centered teaching approaches in Beijing ***,the interviewees mentioned future expectations of more in-depth communication between finland and ***/Value:Some recommendations for better training outcomes,improving the quality of participation experiences,and reaching more mutual understandings were discussed at the end of this study.

关键词： Education export in-service teacher training internationalization Sino-Finnish teacher education teacher professional development

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