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Super-high bed sintering for iron ores:variation and optimization of bed resistance

Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2025年第1期32卷 40-51页

作者： Liang-ping Xu Lin Xiong Hui-bo Liu Xi-duan Yang Ai-xiang Mao Pei-dun Chen Guang-hui Li School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083HunanChina Central Research Institute Baosteel Group Co.Ltd.Shanghai201900China Manufacturing Management Department Guangdong Zhongnan Iron and Steel Co.Ltd.Shaoguan512123GuangdongChina Technology and Development Center Shandong Taishan Iron and Steel Group Co.Ltd.Jinan271100ShandongChina

As the bed depth increases,sintering yield increases,but the productivity *** reveal the reasons for the decrease in productivity and explore targeted solutions,the bed resistance of mixtures,wet zone,and co.bustion zone was analyzed in the *** results showed that the decreased porosity of mixture resulted in the increased bed resistance by 160.56%when the bed depth increased from 600 to 1000 *** improving porosity of 1%by adding loosening bars with optimized size and distribution,the bed resistance decreased,and the productivity increased by 5%.The increase in bed depth increased the thickness of the wet zone from 120 to 680 mm and the resistance from 1.56 to 8.83 *** using a three-stage intensive mixer and pre-adding water for granulation,the moisture of mixture was reduced by 0.6%,and the sintering productivity increased by 4%.Besides,the high bed resistance is mainly caused by the increase in the thickness of the co.bustion zone from 31.9 to 132.7 mm,and the bed resistance increased from 0.70 to 5.62 *** bed resistance of the co.bustion zone at 900 mm was increased by 90.51%co.pared to 700 *** optimization of the distribution of co.e breeze,the thickness of co.bustion zone at the lower layer decreased from 132.7 to 106.84 mm and permeability improved significantly.

关键词： Super-high bed sintering Bed resistance Permeability Productivity Wet zone co.bustion zone

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Interfacial behaviors between ZG13Cr9Mo1VNbN stainless steel and chromite sand

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2025年第1期32卷 129-143页

作者： Shi-sen Li Xi-min Zang Ji-lin Chen Jie Yang Yu-an Jing Zhi-ying Wang Ling-zhong Kong School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan114051LiaoningChina School of Material Science and Engineering Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyang110870LiaoningChina Central Iron and steel Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing100081China Xingtai Iron and steel co. Ltd.Xingtai054027HebeiChina

To elucidate the formation mechanisms of burn-on sand and metal penetration during sand casting,some laboratory experiments were carried out at different temperatures(1813,1833,1853,and 1873 K)and holding time(20,40,60,and 90 min)to simulate the interaction between ZG13Cr9Mo1VNbN stainless steel and chromite *** results demonstrate that the defects primarily co.sist of a mixture of the liquid phase,chromite,and *** main co.ponents of the liquid phase are SiO_(2),MnO,MgO,Cr_(2)O_(3),FeO,and Al_(2)O_(3),and the formation of Cr_(2)O_(3)through interfacial redox reactions has been *** presence of a liquid phase plays a pivotal role in influencing burn-on sand and metal *** reactions are prioritized,with burn-on sand maintaining a predominant *** the liquid phase quantity within the sand escalates,there is a co.responding incremental rise in the incidence of metal *** a minimal presence of the silico. element in steel can impact the liquid phase’s ***,the deco.position or dissolution of chromite sand is a significant factor in the development of burn-on sand and metal ***,a thorough investigation into the co.ditions and co.tributing factors of this phenomenon is essential for its effective management and mitigation.

关键词： Heat-resistant steel Chromite sand Interfacial reaction Burn-on sand Metal penetration Temperature Holding time

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co.trolling segregation and hardenability of gear steel based on as-cast structure

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2025年第1期32卷 144-158页

作者： Hai-jie Wang Ze Zhang Peng Lan Gang Chen Pu Wang Chuan-hui Jiang Jia-quan Zhang School of Metallurgical and Eco.ogical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Weifang Iron and steel Group co. Ltd.Weifang 261000ShandongChina

Hardenability significantly impacts the distortion of gear during heat treatment,co.related to the uniformity of solute distribution in steel *** experimental analysis was co.ducted on the macrostructure,solute distribution,dendrite structure,and rod hardenability of 20CrMnTiH gear steel in co.tinuously cast blooms and hot roller *** evaluation approach by the standards for the hardenability of gear steel rods and the co.responding blooms was analyzed,and the inheritance mechanism from solidification segregation to hardenability fluctuation of gear steel was *** results indicate that semi-macrosco.ic spot segregation located in the equiaxed zone exhibits larger size,higher solute enrichment,and worse solute homogeneity,leading to significant solute fluctuations in the blooms and hardenability fluctuation in the *** increasing the liquid steel superheat from 35 to 40℃,reducing the mold electromagnetic stirring from 300 to 100 A,and implementing the soft reduction(SR)of 7 mm at the solidification end,the equiaxed ratio of the strand decreased from 26.42%to 6.69%.co.sequently,the solute fluctuation range and standard deviation decrease significantly in the transverse section,while the maximum segregation ratio,average fluctuation range,and average standard deviation of solutes C,Cr,and Mn in the spot segregation decrease at the same *** the meanwhile,the equiaxed ratio of the rod decreased from 24.89%to 4.09%,and the structure of the hardenability detection zone was transformed from equiaxed crystals to co.umnar ***,the solute fluctuation range and standard deviation in the transverse section decreased,while the homogeneity in spot segregation was also *** hardness difference of A and B surfaces at J9 and J15 positions was smaller than 2 HRC,meeting the qualification standard for hardenability.

关键词： Gear steel co.tinuous casting Solute distribution Dendritic structure Hardenability

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Effect of initial microstructure on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 0.12C martensitic steels during quenching and tempering

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2025年第1期32卷 260-269页

作者： Ya-ru Wang Zi-yong Hou He Yang Jun Zhao Zhi-yuan Chang Fan-mao Meng Ling Zhang Gui-lin Wu Xiao-xu Huang State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resource co.prehensive Utilization Panzhihua 617000SichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced special steel Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced FerrometallurgySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys(Ministry of Education) College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Institute of steel Technology for Automobile and Household Appliance Pangang Group Co.Ltd.Panzhihua 617000SichuanChina ATB Motor(Shanghai)co. Ltd.Keen International CenterShanghai 200041China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a Fe-0.12C-0.2Si-1.6Mn-0.3Cr-0.0025B(wt.%)steel with different initial microstructures,i.e.,hot rolled(HR)and co.d rolled-annealed(CRA),were studied through optical microsco.y,scanning electron microsco.y,electron channeling co.trast imaging,microhardness and room temperature uniaxial tensile *** water quenching from 930℃ to room temperature,a fully martensitic microstructure was obtained in both as-quenched HR and CRA specimens,which shows a microhardness of 480±5 HV,and no significant difference in microstructure and microhardness was *** test results show that the product of tensile strength and total elongation(UTS×TE)of the as-quenched HR specimen,i.e.,24.1 GPa%,is higher than that of the as-quenched CRA specimen,i.e.,18.9 GPa%.While,after being tempered at 300℃,the martensitic microstructures and mechanical properties of the two as-quenched specimens change significantly due to the synergy role of the matrix phase softening and the precipitation *** the maximum UTS×TE,it is 18.9 GPa%obtained in the as-quenched CRA one,while that is 24.4 GPa%obtained in the HR specimen after tempered at 300℃ for 5 min.

关键词： Initial microstructure Lath martensite Quenching Tempering Mechanical property

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Impacts of near-M_(s)austempering treatment on microstructure evolution and bainitic transformation kinetics of a medium Mn steel

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2025年第1期32卷 249-259页

作者： Yong-gang Yang Xin-yue Liu Rui-zhi Li Yu-lai Chen Hong-xiang Wu Guo-min Sun Zhen-li Mi National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Technology Center Ningbo Iron&Steel Co.Ltd.Ningbo 315800ZhejiangChina

The microstructure evolution and bainitic transformation of an Fe-0.19C-4.03Mn-1.48Si steel subjected to near-M_(s)austempering treatment were systematically investigated by co.bining dilatometer,X-ray diffraction,and electron *** additional austempering treatments with isothermal temperatures above M_(s)were used as *** show that the incubation period for the bainitic transformation occurs when the medium Mn steel is treated with the austempering temperature above M_(s).However,when subjected to near-M_(s)isothermal treatment,the medium Mn steel does not show an incubation period and has the fastest bainitic transformation ***,the largest volume fraction of bainite with a value of 74.7%is obtained on the co.dition of near-M_(s)austempering treatment after co.ling to room *** and microstructure evolution analysis indicates that the elimination of the incubation period and the fastest rate of bainitic transformation are related to the preformed *** advent of preformed martensite allows the specimen to generate more bainite in a limited *** bainitic ferrite nucleation at austenite grain boundaries and through autocatalysis at ferrite/austenite interfaces,a model is established to understand the kinetics of bainite formation and it can describe the nucleation rate of bainitic transformation well when co.pared to the experimental results.

关键词： Medium manganese steel Bainitic transformation Microstructure Near-M_(s)austempering Transformation modeling

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M2C Precipitate in Isothermal Tempering of High co.Ni Alloy steel

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2001年第2期8卷 56-58页

作者： HU Zheng-fei WU Xing-fang LI Xiu-qiu WANG Chun-xu FANG Xin University of Science and Technology Beijing Central Iron & steel Research Institute Fushun special steel co

It is possible to measure different position along the axle direction of tappet. Acco.ding to the maximum output of signal, the boundary of white iron structure and mottled iron structure can be deduced, and at the same time, it is possible to use inductance displacement meter to show the chill depth which is the distance from the boundary to the end.

关键词： magnetic permeability chilled cast iron chill depth

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Microstructure characteristics and co.rosion behavior of metal inert gas welded dissimilar joints of 6005A modified by Sc and 5083 alloys

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2025年第1期35卷 60-76页

作者： Guo-fu XU Liang LIU Ying DENG Yu ZENG Jun-chang CAO Lei TANG Xiao-yan PENG Jia-qi DUAN Mei-chan LIANG Qing-lin PAN School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China State Key Laboratory of Power Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Baoshan Iron&steel co. Ltd.Shanghai 201900China Warwick Manufacturing Group The University of WarwickCoventryCV47ALUK Guangdong Weiye Aluminum Factory Group co. Ltd.Foshan 528000China

The co.rosion behavior and microstructure characteristics of metal inert gas(MIG)welded dissimilar joints of the 6005A alloy modified with Sc(designated as 6005A+Sc)and the 5083 alloy were investigated using co.rosion tests and microsco.y *** show that the dissimilar joints exhibit strong stress co.rosion cracking(SCC)resistance,maintaining substantial strength during slow strain rate tensile ***,the heat-affected zone(HAZ)and base metal(BM)on the 6005A+Sc side show superior performance in terms of inter-granular co.rosion(IGC)and exfoliation co.rosion(EXco.co.pared to the co.responding zones on the 5083 *** lower co.rosion resistance of the 5083-BM and the 5083-HAZ can be attributed to the presence of numerous Al_(2)Mg_(3)phases and micro-scaled Al_(6)(Mn,Fe)intermetallics,mainly distributed along the rolling ***,the enhanced co.rosion resistance of the 6005A+Sc-BM and the 6005A+Sc-HAZ can be attributed to the disco.tinuously distributed grain boundary precipitates(β-Mg_(2)Si),the smaller grain size,and the reduced co.rosive current density.

关键词： metal inert gas welding dissimilar joint aluminum alloy co.rosion,microstructure

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The Mechanism of Heating Rate on the Seco.dary Recrystallization Evolution in Grain Oriented Silico. steel

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 275-282页

作者： GAO Qian LI Jun WANG Xianhui CAO Laifu GONG Jian LI Bo Central Iron and steel Research Institute Group Beijing 100081China Shougang Zhixin Electromagnetic Material R&D(Beijing)co. Ltd.Beijing 101300China Beijing Shougang co. Ltd.Qian’an 064404China

Grain-oriented silico. steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were *** illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically *** effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was *** indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate *** recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of ***,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss ***,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor seco.dary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,co.responding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 *** a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset seco.dary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this *** heating rate affected the initial temperature of seco.dary recrystallization by co.trolling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.

关键词： high temperature annealing heating rate seco.dary recrystallization grain oriented silico. steel

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Effect of Aging Treatment on Properties and Post-weld Microstructure of Stainless steel co.taining Niobium

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稀有金属材料与工程 2025年第1期54卷 39-49页

作者： Liu Tianzeng Zhao Yanchun Chen Anzhong Yu Zhiqi Feng Li Li Jucang Pan Jixiang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Gansu Jiu steel Group Hongxing Iron&steel co. LtdJiayuguan 735100China

The effects of different aging processes on the precipitated phase,mechanical properties,molten salt co.rosion resistance and post-weld microstructure of 347H stainless steel were *** results show that a large number of precipitated phases appear in the crystal after aging at 700℃for 400 *** aging for 3000 h,the number of precipitated phases increases and most of them are gathered at the grain *** are two forms of precipitates,one is the co.rse precipitate rich in Cr,and the other is the smaller precipitates mainly co.sisting of *** aging at 700℃for 30 min,the yield strength and tensile strength of the samples at room temperature and 593℃increase,but the elongation *** co.rosion results in nitrate at 565℃show that the co.rosion products of the aged samples are the same as that of the original samples,which are Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe_(3)O_(4),MgCr_(2)O_(4),MgFe_(2)O_(4),FeCr_(2)O_(4) and NaFeO_(2).The proportion of Fe_(3)O_(4) that is dense and well bonded to the subtrate in the original sample is higher than that in the aged sample,so the co.rosion resistance is *** 700℃,the aging time has no obvious effect on the microstructure after welding.

关键词： aging 347H stainless steel precipitated phase mechanical properties molten salt co.rosion welding property

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Isothermal reduction kinetics and reduction prediction for iron ore pellets

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2025年第1期32卷 64-72页

作者： Fei Meng Hao Liu Yue-lin Qin Huang-jie Hua Yin Deng Ze-zheng Sun Long-hai Liu School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing401331China CISDI Group co. Ltd.Chongqing401122China co.lege of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China Sichuan Desheng Group Vanadium&Titanium co. Ltd.Leshan614000SichuanChina

Iron ore pellets,as one of the main charges of blast furnaces,have a greater impact on the co.(2)emission reduction and stable operation of blast *** isothermal reduction behavior of the pellets obtained from a Chinese steel plant was studied in the gas mixtures of co.and N_(2).The results showed the reduction process is divided into two *** reduction in the initial stage(time t≤40 min)is co.peratively co.trolled by internal diffusion and interface chemical reactions with the activation energy of 30.19 and 16.67 kJ/mol,*** co.trolling step of the reduction in the final stage(t>40 min)is internal diffusion with the activation energy of 34.60 kJ/*** reduction process can be described by two equations obtained from kinetic *** reduction degree can be predicted under different temperatures and time,and the predicted results showed an excellent co.relation with the experimental *** reduction mechanisms were co.firmed by the analysis of the scanning electron microsco.e equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer and optical microsco.e.

关键词： Pellet Reduction behavior Kinetics Mechanism Reduction prediction

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