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Sex differences in aging and injured brain

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第10期20卷 2901-2902页

作者： Jordan N.Williamson Yuan Yang University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Grainger College of EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringUrbanaILUSA Carle Foundation Hospital Stephenson Family Clinical Research InstituteClinical Imaging Research CenterUrbanaILUSA University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUrbanaILUSA Northwestern University Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement SciencesChicagoILUSA

Background:The prevalence,age of onset,and symptomatology of traumatic brain injury,stroke,and neurodegenerative diseases(such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease)differ substantially between males and *** higher prevalence of these brain disorders has been attributed to females having a greater longevity compared with *** one of the greatest risk factors of acquired brain injury(such as stroke,traumatic brain injury caused by fall)and neurodegenerative disease is age.

关键词： Huntington prevalence traumatic

Nicotinic acetylcholine signaling is required for motor learning but not for rehabilitation from spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration research 2023年第2期18卷 364-367页

作者： Yue Li Edmund R.Hollis II Burke Neurological institute White PlainsNYUSA feil family brain and mind research institute Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Current address:Department of Neuroscience University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA

Therapeutic intervention for spinal cord injury is limited,with many approaches relying on strengthening the remaining substrate and driving recovery through rehabilitative *** compared with learning novel compensatory strategies,rehabilitation focuses on resto ring movements lost to *** rehabilitation of previously learned movements after spinal cord injury requires the molecular mechanisms of motor learning,or if it engages previously trained motor circuits without requiring novel learning remains an open *** this study,mice we re randomly assigned to receive intrape ritoneal injection with the pan-nicotinic,non-competitive antagonist mecamylamine and the nicotinicα7 subunit selective antagonist methyllycaconitine citrate salt or vehicle(normal saline)prior to motor learning assays,then randomly reassigned after motor learning for rehabilitation study *** rvical spinal co rd dorsal column lesion was used as a model of in complete *** of this study showed that nicotinic acetylcholine signaling was required for motor learning of the single pellet-reaching task but it was dispensable for the rehabilitation of the same task after *** findings indicate that critical diffe rences exist between the molecular mechanisms supporting compensatory motor learning strategies and the restoration of behavior lost to spinal cord injury.

关键词： acetylcholine basal forebrain corticospinal tract dorsal column lesion mecamylamine methyllycaconitine motor control rehabilitation rotarod single pellet-reaching task

Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein-mediated neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Sinwoo Hwang Seunghwan Choi Soo-Ho Choi Keun-Young Kim Yury I.Miller Won-Kyu Ju Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye institute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA National Center for Microscopy and Imaging research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disorder that can cause vision loss and irreversible blindness,affecting individ uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the aging population,it is expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma will surpass 111 million by 2040 as the disease becomes more *** primarily contributes to optic nerve axon loss and the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),subsequently leading to vision impairment.

关键词： irreversible pass primarily

Resting-state brain network remodeling after different nerve reconstruction surgeries:a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in brachial plexus injury rats

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1495-1504页

作者： Yunting Xiang Xiangxin Xing Xuyun Hua Yuwen Zhang Xin Xue Jiajia Wu Mouxiong Zheng He Wang Jianguang Xu School of Rehabilitation Science Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina Engineering research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina institute of Science and Technology for brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and brain-Inspired Intelligence(Fudan University) Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina Human Phenome institute Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected ***,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been *** study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve ***–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper ***-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after *** independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the *** in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the *** muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and *** results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural *** repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor *** thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve *** areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve *** study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve *** networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.

关键词： brain functional networks end-to-end nerve transfer end-to-side nerve transfer independent component analysis nerve repair peripheral plexus injury resting-state functional connectivity

Context-dependent role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 682-694页

作者： NoemíSola-Sevilla Maider Garmendia-Berges MCarmen Mera-Delgado Elena Puerta Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Division of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain Navarra institute for Health research(IdiSNA) PamplonaSpain

Sirtuin 2 is a member of the sirtuin family nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD~+)-dependent deacetylases, known for its regulatory role in different processes, including inflammation. In this context, sirtuin 2 has been involved in the modulation of key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors by deacetylating specific targets, such as nuclear factor κB and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich-repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3). However, whether sirtuin 2-mediated pathways induce a pro-or an anti-inflammatory response remains controversial. Sirtuin 2 has been implicated in promoting inflammation in conditions such as asthma and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that its inhibition in these conditions could be a potential therapeutic strategy. Conversely, arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus studies suggest that sirtuin 2 is essential at the peripheral level and, thus, its inhibition in these pathologies would not be recommended. Overall, the precise role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation appears to be context-dependent, and further investigation is needed to determine the specific molecular mechanisms and downstream targets through which sirtuin 2 influences inflammatory processes in various tissues and pathological conditions. The present review explores the involvement of sirtuin 2 in the inflammation associated with different pathologies to elucidate whether its pharmacological modulation could serve as an effective strategy for treating this prevalent symptom across various diseases.

关键词： interferon inflammation lipopolysaccharide neuroinflammation NLRP3 nuclear factorκB sirtuin 2

Crystal Structures and Physicochemical Properties of Solvated Estradiol

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2018年第5期37卷 730-740页

作者：王慧萍徐娟宁丽峰李鹏陈晓锋 National research institute for family Planning

Polymorph screening is currently one of the most important tasks for innovators and for generic companies from both pharmaceutical and intellectual property rights aspects. The hemihydrate form（Form Ⅰ） and formamide solvate（Form Ⅱ） of estradiol are isolated and prepared via systemic crystallization screening in this paper, and the formamide solvate form is reported for the first time. Both polymorphic forms were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis（SXRD）, powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD）, and thermal analysis（TGA and DSC）. The PXRD experiments indicate that the samples in this study are the pure polymorphic forms via comparing the patterns with the simulated ones. The stability and equilibrium solubility data of the solid-state phase were also examined in order to check the impact of the differences observed in their crystalline structures. It has been found that Forms I and II are of conformational polymorph and Form II is the more thermodynamically stable solid form, while Form I possesses higher solubility, indicating its possibility as an alternate solid form for its further solid formulation development if necessary.

关键词： estradiol crystalline structure solubility stability

Screening,Preparation,Characterization and Solubility of Polymorphic Forms of Ethinyl Estradiol

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2017年第6期36卷 949-957页

作者：徐娟王慧萍李鹏宁丽峰 National research institute for family Planning

Ethinyl estradiol（EE） as a contraceptive,（17α）-19-nopregna-1,3,5-（10）-trien-20-yne-3,17-diol（formula： C（20）H（24）O2, molecular weight： 296.4, CAS number： 57-63-6）, is known to have different pseudo-polymorphic forms. Some EE polymorphs have been synthesized by means of physical or chemical methods, characterized by X-ray powder diffraction（XRPD）, thermogravimetric（TG）, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and IR spectra. Dissolution profile was tested by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. Meanwhile, the crystal structure of the new EE solvate（formamide） was characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis（SXRD）. The results confirmed that EE existed polymorphism. Five crystal forms of EE were presented and two of them were reported firstly. Furthermore, five polymorphs＇ dissolution curves were drawn and they could be identified by several analysis methods. Our study on polymorphs of EE could provide a variety of crystal material composition, preparation methods and solubility.

关键词： ethinyl estradiol polymorphism useful characterization methods dissolutionprofiles96

New generations of dihydropyridines for treatment of hypertension

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第1期14卷 67-72页

作者： Angela L Wang Costantino Iadecola Gang Wang Premed Program Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA feil brain and mind research institute Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA

Since the calcium channel blocker （CCB） has become one of the most prescribed agents for antihypertensive monotherapy in the world, this brief review will focus on the recent research and development of the dihydropyridine （DHP） CCB, addressing pharmacological mecha- nisms for the clinical efficacy of the third and fourth generations of the DHP CCBs, especially on their possible central mechanisms underlying lowering blood pressure.

关键词： Central nervous system Dihydropyridine Hypertension Voltage-gated calcium channel blocker

Sperm function tests after vasovasostomy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2000年第2期2卷 111-114页

作者： Ren-Qian WEN Mei-Yi LIE Pei-ling TIAN Ning YANG Yan-Jia JIANG Ai-Ping CHEN family Planning research institute of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510600, China family Planning research institute of Guangdong Guangzhou Chin

Aim: To evaluate the sperm function after vasovasostomy. Methods: Semen samples from 42 subjects aftervasovasostomy (Group A: 1-6 months, Group B: 6-12 months; Group C: 12-18 months after vasectomy rever-sal) were investigated. Semen from 34 normal fertile men was used as controls. Sperm function tests, including hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST), acridine orange (AO) fluorescence, acrosome reaction (triple-stain), cervical mucuspenetration test (CMPT), etc were done. Results: After vasectomy reversal, the percentage of HOST was signifi-cantly lower than that of the normal fertile men. In regard to AO, there were no significant differences between thethree vasovasostomy groups and between these 3 groups and the controls. With triple-stain, the percentage of normalacrosome reaction was significantly lower in Group A as compared with the controls, but not in Groups B and C. Therewere no significant differences in the results of CMPT between the vasovasostomy groups and the controls. However,the number of 'poor' type was significantly higher in Groups A and C than in the controls; the percentage of 'nega-tive' type were higher in Groups A and B than in the controls. Conclusion: After vasovasostomy a lower level ofHOST remained for one year and gradually recovered after one year. Six months after vasectomy reversal, the percent-age of acrosome reaction could be changed from lower level to normal range. The data of AO indicated that the geneticmaterial (double-stranded DNA) in spermatozoa was not affected by vasovasostomy. To evaluate the result of CMPTafter vasectomy reversal, not only the normal results but also the abnormal results ('poor' and 'negative' types)should also be ***: To evaluate the sperm function after vasovasostomy. Methods: Semen samples from 42 subjects aftervasovasostomy (Group A: 1-6 months, Group B: 6-12 months; Group C: 12-18 months after vasectomy rever-sal) were investigated. Semen from 34 normal fertile men was used as controls. Sper

关键词： semen sperm function test vasectomy vasovasostomy