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Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1262-1276页

作者： Morteza Abyadeh Vivek Gupta Joao A.Paulo Arezoo Gohari Mahmoudabad Sina Shadfar Shahab Mirshahvaladi Veer Gupta Christine T.O.Nguyen David I.Finkelstein Yuyi You Paul A.Haynes Ghasem H.Salekdeh Stuart L.Graham Mehdi Mirzaei ProGene Technologies pty ltd. 2. Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences Macquarie Medical School Macquarie University Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School School of Medicine Deakin University Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University

The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, posttranslational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.

关键词： amyloid-beta cancer cardiovascular diseases diabetes neurodegeneration Tau traumatic brain injury

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A three-dimensional feature extraction-based method for coal cleat characterization using X-ray μCT and its application to a Bowen Basin coal specimen

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 153-166页

作者： Yulai Zhang Matthew Tsang Mark Knackstedt Michael Turner Shane Latham Euan Macaulay Rhys Pitchers ARC Training Centre for M3D Innovation Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Department of Materials Physics Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Anglo American Steelmaking Coal BrisbaneQLD4000Australia SCT Operations pty ltd. WollongongNSW2500Australia

Cleats are the dominant micro-fracture network controlling the macro-mechanical behavior of coal.Improved understanding of the spatial characteristics of cleat networks is therefore important to the coal mining industry.Discrete fracture networks(DFNs)are increasingly used in engineering analyses to spatially model fractures at various scales.The reliability of coal DFNs largely depends on the confidence in the input cleat statistics.Estimates of these parameters can be made from image-based three-dimensional(3D)characterization of coal cleats using X-ray micro-computed tomography(m CT).One key step in this process,after cleat extraction,is the separation of individual cleats,without which the cleats are a connected network and statistics for different cleat sets cannot be measured.In this paper,a feature extraction-based image processing method is introduced to identify and separate distinct cleat groups from 3D X-ray m CT images.Kernels(filters)representing explicit cleat features of coal are built and cleat separation is successfully achieved by convolutional operations on 3D coal images.The new method is applied to a coal specimen with 80 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length acquired from an Anglo American Steelmaking Coal mine in the Bowen Basin,Queensland,Australia.It is demonstrated that the new method produces reliable cleat separation capable of defining individual cleats and preserving 3D topology after separation.Bedding-parallel fractures are also identified and separated,which has his-torically been challenging to delineate and rarely reported.A variety of cleat/fracture statistics is measured which not only can quantitatively characterize the cleat/fracture system but also can be used for DFN modeling.Finally,variability and heterogeneity with respect to the core axis are investigated.Significant heterogeneity is observed and suggests that the representative elementary volume(REV)of the cleat groups for engineering purposes may be a complex problem requiring careful consideration.

关键词： Cleat separation Cleat statistics Feature extraction Discrete fracture network(DFN)modeling

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Visualizing traumatic brain injury:ocular clues for diagnosis and assessment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1399-1400页

作者： Morteza Abyadeh Vivek Gupta Yuyi You Joao A.Paulo Mehdi Mirzaei ProGene Technologies pty ltd SydneyNSWAustralia Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNorth RydeSydneyNSWAustralia Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as damage to the brain resulting from an external sudden physical force or shock to the head.It is considered a silent public health epidemic causing significant death and disability globally.There were 64,000 TBI related deaths reported in the USA in 2020,with about US$76 billion in direct and indirect medical costs annually.

关键词： diagnosis ocular injury

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Pattern of non-starch polysaccharide digestion along the gut of the pig:Contribution to available energy

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 160-165页

作者： David J. Cadogan Mingan Choct feedworks pty ltd School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England

We investigated the pattern of non-starch polysaccharide(NSP) digestion along the gut of pigs fed two different wheats, which were offered with or without xylanase supplementation. The two wheats used were pre-characterised before the experiment on the basis of low and normal feed intake of young pigs.Wheat type significantly influenced feed intake and growth rate in the first 7 days, however, by day 14 the only significant effect of wheat type was on growth rate. Xylanase supplementation increased the growth performance of pigs fed the poor quality wheat to a level similar to those fed the normal wheat. It also increased the daily gain of pigs fed the normal wheat. Wheat type had no significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter(DM), energy, free sugars or the different fractions of NSP in the duodenum,ileum or in the faeces. The duodenal gross energy digestibility values for the low and high performance diets were -27.4 and -47.5%, respectively, and xylanase supplementation significantly increased the digestibility of energy back to positive levels. Dry matter digestibility values followed a similar pattern. In the duodenum, xylanase increased(P < 0.05) the digestibility values of both soluble and insoluble NSP,whereas in the ileum, xylanase had a significant effect only on the digestibility of the soluble NSP fraction. Xylanase did not affect free sugar digestibility. The reduction in soluble NSP level coincided with a marked reduction in the amount of fucose, a prominent component of mucosal polysaccharides. This suggests that soluble NSP substantially increase endogenous losses. The absence of differences in the digestibility of the measured NSP between the two wheat samples suggests that the structures of the NSP, rather than just their amount and solubility, are important for the anti-nutritional properties of NSP in pig diets.

关键词： Wheat Non-starch polysaccharides Xylanase Pigs

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基于CT图像三维重建的高温下再生混凝土孔隙特征研究

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材料导报 2024年第5期38卷 214-224页

作者：都思哲张淼张玉 Selyutina Nina Smirnov Ivan 马树娟董晓强刘元珍太原理工大学土木工程学院太原030024 Coronation Property Co.pty ltd/MN Builders 新南威尔士州2620 圣彼得堡国立大学圣彼得堡190000

高温会导致混凝土微细观结构损伤劣化,进而导致混凝土力学性能下降。本工作利用计算机层析成像(CT)技术对高温后掺加玻化微珠的再生混凝土(Recycled aggregate concrete mixed with glazed hollow beads, GHB-RAC)试件孔隙结构特征进行... 详细信息

高温会导致混凝土微细观结构损伤劣化,进而导致混凝土力学性能下降。本工作利用计算机层析成像(CT)技术对高温后掺加玻化微珠的再生混凝土(Recycled aggregate concrete mixed with glazed hollow beads, GHB-RAC)试件孔隙结构特征进行识别,基于CT扫描与三维重构建模提取并分析了混凝土孔隙结构的特征参数,同时利用灰色关联理论探究孔隙结构特征参数对混凝土残余抗压强度的影响程度。研究结果表明,温度会影响GHB-RAC内部孔隙结构,内部孔隙孔径及表面积随温度升高而增大,温度的升高也会影响混凝土孔隙均匀性,加剧孔隙不均匀性分布;玻化微珠(Glazed hollow beads, GHB)对混凝土温度传导的阻碍作用明显,GHB的掺入改善了混凝土的孔隙结构,减弱了高温导致的孔隙畸化;孔隙尺寸、孔隙球体度及孔隙表面积与残余抗压强度的灰色关联度均在0.55以上,表明孔隙结构参数与残余抗压强度关联性较好。

关键词： CT扫描再生混凝土孔隙结构抗压强度灰色关联度

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CLGA Net:Cross Layer Gated Attention Network for Image Dehazing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 4667-4684页

作者： Shengchun Wang Baoxuan Huang Tsz Ho Wong Jingui Huang Hong Deng Hunan Normal University Changsha410006China Z-emotion pty ltd. Victoria3178Australia

In this paper,we propose an end-to-end cross-layer gated attention network(CLGA-Net)to directly restore fog-free images.Compared with the previous dehazing network,the dehazing model presented in this paper uses the smooth cavity convolution and local residual module as the feature extractor,combined with the channel attention mechanism,to better extract the restored features.A large amount of experimental data proves that the defogging model proposed in this paper is superior to previous defogging technologies in terms of structure similarity index(SSIM),peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR)and subjective visual quality.In order to improve the efficiency of decoding and encoding,we also describe a fusion residualmodule and conduct ablation experiments,which prove that the fusion residual is suitable for the dehazing problem.Therefore,we use fusion residual as a fixed module for encoding and decoding.In addition,we found that the traditional defogging model based on the U-net network may cause some information losses in space.We have achieved effective maintenance of low-level feature information through the cross-layer gating structure that better takes into account global and subtle features.We also present the application of our CLGA-Net in challenging scenarios where the best results in both quantity and quality can be obtained.Experimental results indicate that the present cross-layer gating module can be widely used in the same type of network.

关键词： Deep learning dehazing image restoration end to end

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Mechanics of rib deformation—Observations and monitoring in Australian coal mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第1期29卷 119-129页

作者： Yvette Heritage SCT Operations pty ltd

The risk of fatalities from rib failure is still prevalent in the coal mining industry. This risk has prompted further research to be conducted on rib deformation in order to understand the mechanisms of rib failure,with the long-term objective being to improve rib support design. This paper presents the results of ACARP research project C25057, which investigated the mechanics and drivers of rib failure. The results of rib deformation monitoring at three different mines in Australia provide rib deformation characteristics for overburden depths ranging from 160 to 530 m. Monitoring includes deformation during development drivage conditions and during the longwall retreat abutment stress environment. The rib deformation monitoring covered three different seams: the Goonyella Middle Seam, Ulan Seam, and Bulli Seam in the Bowen Basin, Western Coalfield, and Southern Coalfield, respectively. The observed mechanisms driving the rib deformation ranged from bedding shear failure along weak claystone bands to vertical shear fractures to kinematic failures driven by shear failure dilation. The variation in mechanisms of rib failure, together with the seemingly consistent method of rib support design, prompts the question: what exactly is the role of rib support?

关键词： Coal Rib Deformation Monitoring Measurement

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Limitations and potential design risks when applying empirically derived coal pillar strength equations to real-life mine stability problems

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第1期29卷 17-25页

作者： Russell Frith Guy Reed Mine Advice pty ltd

The method of determining coal pillar strength equations from databases of stable and failed case histories is more than 50 years old and has been applied in different countries by different researchers in a range of mining situations. While common wisdom sensibly limits the use of the resultant pillar strength equations and methods to design scenarios that are consistent with the founding database, there are a number of examples where failures have occurred as a direct result of applying empirical design methods to coal pillar design problems that are inconsistent with the founding database. This paper explores the reasons why empirically derived coal pillar strength equations tend to be problem-specific and should be considered as providing no more than a pillar strength ‘‘index." These include the non-consideration of overburden horizontal stress within the mine stability problem, an inadequate definition of supercritical overburden behavior as it applies to standing coal pillars, and the non-consideration of overburden displacement and coal pillar strain limits. All of which combine to potentially complicate and confuse the back-analysis of coal pillar strength from failed cases. A modified coal pillar design representation and model are presented based on coal pillars acting to reinforce a horizontally stressed overburden, rather than suspend an otherwise unstable self-loaded overburden or section, the latter having been at the core of historical empirical studies into coal pillar strength and stability.

关键词： Coal pillar design Pillar strength Overburden mechanics Limitations of pillar design

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Vulnerability of Regional Aviation Networks Based on DBSCAN and Complex Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第11期43卷 643-655页

作者： Hang He Wanggen Liu Zhenhan Zhao Shan Heand Jinghui Zhang Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan618307China Webchain pty ltd. SydneyNSW2118Australia

To enhance the accuracy of performance analysis of regional airline network,this study applies complex network theory and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)algorithm to investigate the topology of regional airline network,constructs node importance index system,and clusters 161 airport nodes of regional airline network.Besides,entropy power method and approximating ideal solution method(TOPSIS)is applied to comprehensively evaluate the importance of airport nodes and complete the classification of nodes and identification of key points;adopt network efficiency,maximum connectivity subgraph and network connectivity as vulnerability measurement indexes,and observe the changes of vulnerability indexes of key nodes under deliberate attacks and 137 nodes under random attacks.The results demonstrate that the decreasing trend of the maximum connectivity subgraph indicator is slower and the decreasing trend of the network efficiency and connectivity indicators is faster when the critical nodes of the regional airline network are deliberately attacked.Besides,the decreasing trend of the network efficiency indicator is faster and the decreasing trend of the maximum connectivity subgraph indicator is slower when the nodes of four different categories are randomly attacked.Finally,it is proposed to identify and focus on protecting critical nodes in order to better improve the security level of regional airline system.

关键词： DBSCAN algorithm regional airlines key node vulnerability

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A global online study of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2023年第1期9卷 39-43页

作者： Peter K.Panegyres Jodi Russell Huei‐Yang Chen Mariella Panegyres Neurodegenerative Disorders Research pty ltd West PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia The University of Western Australia NedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia

Background:The objective of this study was to understand the uptake of hemopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)in neuroimmunological disorders like multiple sclerosis(MS).Method:An independent University affiliated research organization conducted a global online survey of people having had HSCT,examining demographics,treatment protocol,and effectiveness.Results:Of 271 participants,useful data were available in 223;women aged 35–54 accounted for 73.5%.Most had a household income greater than US$50,000,and the majority of participants were from Australia and the United States.Nearly 94.6%of people suffer from MS.Most had their treatment in Russia(38.7%)and 78.1%had nonmyeloablative transplants.Nearly half of the participants spent between US$50,000 to US$74,999.There were 54.5%of neurologists who did not support their patients having HSCT.Around 85.5%of participants believed HSCT helped them manage their disease from weeks to years after transplantation,and treatment was recommended by 9.5%of participants.The average reduction in Expanded Disability Status Score after transplantation was 1.2(95%CI:0.97–1.41;N=197;p<0.01;t:10.7,df:196).Conclusion:Participants were supportive of HSCT despite the costs and would recommend it to others.The data suggest some benefit in minimizing disability in MS and provides justification for large randomized controlled trials.

关键词： multiple sclerosis neurodegenerative disorders stem cells

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