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Typhoon-and pollution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 93-101页

作者： Shanshan Wang Qinyi Li Ruifeng Zhang Anoop Sharad Mahajan Swaleha Inamdar Nuria Benavent Sanbao Zhang Ruibin Xue Jian Zhu Chenji Jin Yan Zhang Xiao Fu Alba Badia Rafael P.Fernandez Carlos A.Cuevas Tao Wang Bin Zhou Alfonso Saiz-Lopez Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas CabreraCSIC Department of Civil and environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Environment Research Institute Shandong University Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical MeteorologyMinistry of Earth Sciences Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University Sostenipra Research Group Institute of Environmental Science and Technology(ICTA)Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB) Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB) National Research Council (CONICET)

Tropospheric reactive bromine is important for atmospheric chemistry,regional air pollution,and global *** studies have reported measurements of atmospheric reactive bromine species in different environments,and proposed their main sources,***-salt aerosol（SSA）,oceanic biogenic activity,polar snow/ice,and *** and other strong cyclonic activities（***） induce abrupt changes in different earth system processes,causing widespread destructive ***,the role of typhoons in regulating reactive bromine abundance and sources remains ***,we report field observations of bromine oxide（BrO）,a critical indicator of reactive bromine,on the Huaniao Island（HNI）in the East China Sea in July *** observed high levels of BrO below 500 m with a daytime average of9.7±4.2 pptv and a peak value of ～26 pptv under the influence of a *** field measurements,supported by model simulations,suggest that the typhoon-induced drastic increase in wind speed amplifies the emission of SSA,significantly enhancing the activation of reactive bromine from SSA *** also detected enhanced BrO mixing ratios under high NOxconditions（ppbv level） suggesting a potential pollution-induced mechanism of bromine release from *** elevated levels of atmospheric bromine noticeably increase ozone destruction by as much as ～40% across the East China *** the high frequency of cyclonic activity in the northern hemisphere,reactive bromine chemistry is expected to play a more important role than previously thought in affecting coastal air quality and atmospheric oxidation *** suggest that models need to consider the hitherto overlooked typhoon-and pollution-mediated increase in reactive bromine levels when assessing the synergic effects of cyclonic activities on the earth system.

关键词： reactive bromine atmospheric chemistry marine boundary layer atmospheric oxidation capacity marine emission

A Comprehensive Classification and Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms Over Solar Cycle 24

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 75-84页

作者： Raja Adibah Raja Halim Shah Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid Mardina Abdullah Adlyka Annuar Idahwati Sarudin Zahira Mohd Radzi Akimasa Yoshikawa Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiMalaysia Space Science Centre(ANGKASA) Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiMalaysia Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiMalaysia School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPulau PinangMalaysia Malaysian Space agency(MYSA) Kuala Lumpur50480Malaysia International Research Center for Space and Planetary environmental Science(i-SPES) Kyushu University819-0395 FukuokaJapan

A geomagnetic storm is a global disturbance of Earth?s magnetosphere,occurring as a result of the interaction with magnetic plasma ejected from the *** considerable research,a comprehensive classification of storms for a complete solar cycle has not yet been fully developed,as most previous studies have been limited to specific storm *** study,therefore,attempted to present complete statistics for solar cycle 24,detailing the occurrence of geomagnetic storm events and classifying them by type of intensity(moderate,intense,and severe),type of complete interval(normal or complex),duration of the recovery phase(rapid or long),and the number of steps in the storm?s *** analysis was applied to data from ground-based magnetometers,which measured the Dst index as provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism,Kyoto,*** study identified 211 storm events,comprising moderate(177 events),intense(33 events),and severe(1 event)*** 36%of ICMEs and 23%of CIRs are found to be geoeffective,which caused geomagnetic *** to four-step development of geomagnetic storms was exhibited during the main phase for this solar *** showed the geomagnetic storms developed one or more steps in the main phase,which were probably related to the driver that triggered the geomagnetic storms.A case study was additionally conducted to observe the variations of the ionospheric disturbance dynamo(Ddyn)phenomenon that resulted from the geomagnetic storm event of 2015July *** attenuation of the Ddyn in the equatorial region was analyzed using the H component of geomagnetic field data from stations in the Asian sector(Malaysia and India).The variations in the Ddyn signatures were observed at both stations,with the TIR station(India)showing higher intensity than the LKW station(Malaysia).

关键词： (Sun)sunspots-Sun activity-(Sun)solar-terrestrial relations-Sun coronal mass ejections(CMEs)

Plastic effects on marine and freshwater environments

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Water Biology and Security 2024年第1期3卷 23-27页

作者： Fabiula Danielli Bastos de Sousa Technology Development Center Universidade Federal de PelotasRua Gomes Carneiro196010-610PelotasRSBrazil

In the 1930s,plastic items started to acquire *** then,they have overcome many barriers and are now important to many facets of ***-consumer plastic,however,is an environmental problem of increasing *** and freshwater environments are being impaired by plastic pollution,which is mostly the result of improper post-use plastic *** I review recent literature on plastic effects to marine and freshwater environments,based on a Scopus ***'keywords were analyzed and *** depicted microplastics as a global concern for the environment,animals,and human health,and was identified as a primary research focus and emerging topic concerning plastic effects on marine and freshwater *** foremost research gap is the lack of clear connections between the effects of plastic on human health,animal health,and the *** pollution and its consequences on marine and freshwater environments are attributed primarily to human activity.

关键词： Bibliometric analysis Bibliometric mapping Microplastics Pollution

Polymer electrolytes for flexible zinc-air batteries:Recent progress and future directions

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6058-6079页

作者： Jing Wu Wen-Ya Wu Suxi Wang Dan Kai Enyi Ye Warintorn Thitsartarn Janet Beng Hoon Tan Jianwei Xu Qingyu Yan Qiang Zhu Xian Jun Loh Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment(ISCE2)Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)1 Pesek RoadJurong IslandSingapore 627833Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)2 Fusionopolis WayInnovis#08-03Singapore 138634Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang LinkSingapore 637371Singapore Department of Material Science and Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1#03-09 EASingapore 117575Singapore

This review article delves into the development of electrolytes for flexible zinc-air batteries(FZABs),a critical component driving the advancement of flexible *** started by surveying the current advancements in electrolyte technologies,including solid-state and gel-based types,and their contributions to enhance the flexibility,efficiency,and durability of ***,we explored the challenges in this domain,focusing on maintaining electrolyte stability under mechanical stress,ensuring compatibility with flexible substrates,optimizing ion conductivity,and under harsh environmental ***,the key issues regarding interface details between electrolyte and the electrodes are covered as *** then discussed the future of electrolyte development in FZABs,highlighting potential avenues such as materials development,sustainability,in-situ studies,and battery *** review offers an in-depth overview of the advancements,challenges,and potential breakthroughs in creating electrolytes for FZABs over the past five *** serves as a guide for both researchers and industry professionals in this dynamic area.

关键词： flexible zinc-air batteries electrolyte polymer hydrogel electrolyte-electrode interface

Tannins from Acacia mangium Bark as Natural Dyes for Textiles: Characteristics and Applications

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第9期12卷 1625-1637页

作者： Maya Ismayati Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat Fifi Melinda Setiawati Wasrin Syafii Yuki Tobimatsu Deni Zulfiana Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts Research Organization for Life Sciences and EnvironmentNational Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jl.Raya Bogor KM 46CibinongBogor16911Indonesia Department of Forest Product Technology Faculty of ForestryIPB UniversityBogor16680Indonesia Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Kyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611-0011Japan Research Center for Applied Microbiology Research Organization for Life Sciences and EnvironmentNational Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jl.Raya Bogor KM 46CibinongBogor16911Indonesia

Tannins are capable of producing natural dyes with antioxidant and antibacterial propertis, while synthetic dyes are commonly used in the textile industry, causing environmental issues like water pollution. This research aims to utilize waste tannins as natural dyes as an alternative to synthetic dyes. This study examined the effect of the extraction method on tannin properties such as phenolic content, antioxidants, and antibacterial activity. In addition, Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography‒Mass Spectrometry (Py-GCMS) analysis was used to identify the effect of extraction temperature on the chemical elucidation of tannin. The effect of tannin concentration was evaluated against four bacteria that are usually found on human skin: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Propionibacterium acnes , and Staphylococcus aureus . Extraction temperature significantly influences the chemical composition of tannin, which leads to different antioxidant properties. The maximum antibacterial properties of tannin were obtained at 90°C with the inhibition zone in the range of 0.9–1.0 mm against four bacteria, tannin yield of 26.59%, Gallic Acid Equivalents or total phenolic content (GAE) of 40.30 mg/g, and Radical Scavenging Activity or antioxidant activity (RSA) of 89.88%. Moreover, the concentration of tannin was significantly linear with its antibacterial properties. Tannin was successfully applied to the textile by using alum as a mordanting agent to create an antibacterial textile. The textile’s bacterial structure damage was analyzed under Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). After 50 washings, tannin-textiles with alum-modified properties remained stable compared to those without alum, with S. aureus and S. epidermidis being the most vulnerable bacteria, as confirmed by FESEM images. Hence, tannin is a feasible alternative to harmful and nondegradable synthetic dyes and antibacterial agents.

关键词： Acacia mangium tannin antibacterial antioxidant different temperature extraction dyes

An agent-based model of agricultural land expansion in the mountain forest of Timor Island,Indonesia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2263-2282页

作者： PUJIONO Eko SADONO Ronggo IMRON Muhammad Ali SUTOMO JANUAR Hedi Indra KUSWANDI Relawan KURNIAWAN Hery HADI Etik Erna Wati SAPUTRA Muhammad Hadi HIDAYAH Izhamil HUMAIDA Nida SUKMAWATI Jalma Giring HADIYAN Yayan NUGROHO Agung Wahyu HANI Aditya Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia(BRIN)Jl.Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM.46CibinongBogor 16911Indonesia Faculty of Forestry Gadjah Mada UniversityJl.Agro No.1Yogyakarta 55281Indonesia

The Mutis-Timau Forest Complex,located on Timor Island,Indonesia,is a mountainous tropical forest area that gradually decreases due to deforestation and forest *** modelling studies based on patterns indicate that deforestation primarily occurs at lower elevations and near the boundaries of forests and settlements,often associated with shifting cultivation by local *** study adopts a process-based modelling approach,specifically the agent-based model,to simulate land changes,particularly farmers'expansion of agricultural land around the Mutis mountain *** underlying concept of this agent-based approach is the interaction between the human and environmental ***,representing the human system,interact with the land,which represents the environmental system,through land use decision-making *** research was conducted in the Community Forest of the Timor Tengah Utara District,one of the sites within the Mutis-Timau Forest Complex with the highest deforestation *** use change simulations were performed using agent-based modelling from 1999 to 2030,considering the socio-economic conditions of farmers,spatial preferences,land use decisions,and natural *** results revealed that the agricultural area increased by 14%under the Business as Usual scenario and 5%under the Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation scenario,compared to the initial agricultural area of 245 *** probability of farmers deciding to extend agricultural activities was positively associated with the number of livestock maintained by farmers and the size of the village ***,the likelihood of farmers opting for agricultural extensification decreased with an increase in the area of private land and the farmer's *** findings are crucial for the managers of the Mutis-Timau Forest Complex and other relevant stakeholders,as they aid in arranging actions to combat deforestation,designing proper fore

关键词： Agricultural land expansion Simulation Agent-based model Farmer Deforestation Mountainous tropical forest

Assessment of Heavy Metal Exposure in Soils of Ihwrekreka Communities, Delta State, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 279-303页

作者： Adedoyin Olubunmi Bankole Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede Taofik Adewale Adedosu Uche Udeochu Harrison Agboro Efe Jeffery Isukuru Department of environmental Management and Toxicology College of Science Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Delta State Nigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ladoke Akintola University Oyo State Nigeria Chemistry Program Division of Science and Mathematics College of Arts and Sciences University of the District of Columbia Washington District of Columbia USA Department of Biology and environmental Science College of Arts and Sciences University of New Haven West Haven CT USA

Crude oil pollution in the Niger Delta, perpetrated by both local communities and industrial actors, has brought about soil pollution with its consequent ecological, human health and food challenges. The purpose of this research was to examine the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in soil from communities contaminated by crude oil in Niger Delta, and to evaluate the potential health risks to residents from exposure to these contaminants. To achieve this, soil samples were collected from the Ihwrekreka community and analyzed for heavy metal content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analytical results in mg/kg revealed a significant metals pollution level derived from the oil spill in the soil ranging from 4.85 - 17,078 (Cu), 1.01 - 16.1 (Cd), 0.22 - 36.8 (Cr), 8.28 - 40.9 (Ni), 7.51 - 6474 (Pb), and 8.84 - 12,851 (Zn) respectively. Most of the metals were above the permissible limits of World Health Organization, with Cu, Zn, and Pb as the most contaminating metals. Lead was found to be the main contributor to the hazard index (HI) values for both children and adults in the study area, with its concentration exceeding the permitted limits set by the WHO and the EC. The hazard index (HI) values of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cr were significantly higher than 1. These findings suggest that the release of heavy metals from an oil-contaminated site may pose a risk to human health and the environment.

关键词： Cancer Exposure Pathway Toxic Metals Health Risks

Better engineering layered vanadium oxides for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries: Going beyond widening the interlayer spacing

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SmartMat 2024年第1期5卷 83-109页

作者： Yue Guo Hanmei Jiang Binbin Liu Xingyang Wang Yifu Zhang Jianguo Sun John Wang Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries(ZIBs)are regarded as among the most promising candidates for large‐scale grid energy storage,owing to their high safety,low costs,and environmental *** the past decade,vanadium oxides,which are exemplified by V2O5,have been widely developed as a class of cathode materials for ZIBs,where the relatively high theoretical capacity and structural stability are among the main ***,there are considerable challenges in the construction of vanadium‐based ZIBs with high capacity,long lifespan,and excellent rate *** widenings of the interlayer spacing in the layered vanadium oxides by pre‐intercalations appear to have reached their limitations in improving the energy density and other key performance parameters of ZIBs,although various metal ions(Na+,Ca2+,and Al3+)and even organic cations/groups have been ***,we discuss the advances made more recently,and also the challenges faced by the high‐performance vanadium oxides(V2O5‐based)cathodes,where there are several strategies to improve their electrochemical performance ranging from the new structural designs down to sub‐nano‐scopic/molecular/atomic levels,including cation pre‐intercalation,structural water optimization,and defect engineering,to macroscopic structural *** key principles for an optimal structural design of the V2O5‐based cathode materials for high energy density and fast‐charging aqueous ZIBs are examined,aiming at paving the way for developing energy storage designed for those large scales,high safety,and low‐cost systems.

关键词： aqueous zinc‐ion batteries cations pre‐intercalation defect engineering structural water vanadium oxides

Screening of environmental Bacterial Strains for Wild Aedes Mosquito Larval Biocontrol

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2431-2442页

作者： Alexandre Paulo Machado Liliana Alves Correa Gabriel de Paula Albuquerque Ana Lúcia Maria Ribeiro Rosina Djunko Miyazaki Jéssica da Silva Gava Dyego Bichofre Cruz Laboratory of Microbiology Medical Faculty Federal University of Mato Grosso Mato Grosso Brazil Laboratory of Entomology Institute of Biosciences Federal University of Mato Grosso Mato Grosso Brazil

The effectiveness of current control measures against Aedes mosquitoes remains low, resulting in persistent epidemics in urban areas. The emergence of resistant mosquito populations to chemical insecticides highlights the need for novel, environmentally friendly, cost-effective control strategies. This study explored the potential of environmental bacterial isolates to biocontrol wild Aedes larvae. Initially, we collected bacterial samples from infectious masses of Aedes fluviatilis larvae. The isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical, enzymatic, and molecular methods, including 16S rRNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF. Previously, Aeromonas hydrophila and Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from these infectious masses showed limited Aedes larval inhibition. Consequently, we screened additional environmental isolates from the bacteriotheque. Six isolates previously identified were tested: Chromobacterium violaceum, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sphaericus, and two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. Among these strains, B. thuringiensis and C. violaceum exhibited significant inhibitory activities against wild Aedes larvae. Bacillus thuringiensis cultures grown under daylight conditions showed a slight ability to inhibit Aedes larvae. The potential of B. thuringiensis and C. violaceum strains studied, along with optimized culture growth conditions, will be further investigated to develop bioinsecticide products to provide safer and more sustainable alternatives for controlling larvae of Aedes mosquitoes.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis Chromobacterium violaceum Aedes Biocontrol Larval Inhibition