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Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the middle nile delta of Egypt

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2016年第4期4卷 293-303页

作者： Mohamed S.Shokr Ahmed A.El Baroudy Michael A.Fullen Talaat R.El-beshbeshy Ali R.Ramadan A.Abd El Halim Antonio J.T.Guerra Maria C.O.Jorge Soils and Water Department Faculty of AgricultureTanta UniversityTantaEgypt The University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton WV11LYUK Soils and Water Use Department National Research CentreGizaEgypt Department of Geography Federal University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil

Heavy metal contamination in the El-Gharbia Governorate(District)of Egypt was identified by using remote sensing,Geographical Information Systems(GIS),and X-ray fluorescence(XRF)spectrometry as the main research *** Elevation Model(DEM),Landsat 8 and contour map images were used to map the *** physiographic units in the study area are represented by nine soil profiles.X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF)was used for geochemical analysis of 33 soil ***(V),nickel(Ni),chromium(Cr),copper(Cu)and zinc(Zn)concentrations were measured and they all exceeded the average global concentrations identified by Wedepohl(1995).Ni and Cr concentrations exceeded recommended values in all soil profile horizons(Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines,2007),while Cu had a variable *** concentrations are under recommended concentration limits in most soil *** Factor,Pollution Load Index and Degree of Contamination indices were used to assess the environmental risks of heavy metal contamination from the *** analysed metals pose some potential hazard and pollution levels were particularly high near industrial and urban areas.

关键词： El-Gharbia Governorate Egypt Soil contamination X-ray fluorescence spectrometry Remote sensing Geographical information systems Indices calculations

Role of Micronutrient in Rice Cultivation and Management Strategy in Organic agriculture—A Reappraisal

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 765-769页

作者： Shaon Kumar Das ICAR research Complex for NEH region Sikkim Centre Tadong Sikkim

Micronutrient refers to the relative quantity of a nutrient that is required for plant growth. It takes part in metabolic activities, enzymatic process/catalysts etc. Thus these all directly and indirectly help in plant growth and development. There are 8 essential plant nutrient elements defined as micronutrients like boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl) and silicon (Si). They constitute in total less than 1% of the dry weight of most plants. Organic sources like farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost etc. may contain less quantity of these nutrients but presence of these help the plant in their growth and development. They also called trace elements or minor elements. They are required only in small amounts (5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight). The visual symptoms may be caused by more than one nutrient. Deficiency of one nutrient may be related to an excess quantity of another. Nutrient deficiency symptoms are observed only after the crop has already suffered an irretrievable loss. When soil supplies more quantity of nutrient than the plant’s requirement, plant shows toxicity symptom.

关键词： Micronutrient Trace Element Minor Elements Deficiency Plant Growth Toxicity

Evaluation of soil loss severity and ecological restoration approach for sustainable agriculture in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1509-1521页

作者： Arshad ASHRAF Imran AHMAD Climate Energy and Water Research InstituteNational Agricultural Research Centre(NARC)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Soil erosion has resulted in removal of the topsoils containing fine soil particles and plant nutrients, causing decrease in soil fertility in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya(HKH) region. The existing production of cereal crop grains has been reduced to one third of the potential crop grains production owing to land degradation and poor farming practices. It is necessary to assess risk of soil loss and identify appropriate controlling measures to address issues of low agriculture productivity and water insecurity in the region. In the present study, severity of soil loss was predicted using Revised Universal Loss Equation(RUSLE) and ecological measures were identified for sustainable mountain agriculture in the HKH region of Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan. Overall 62.6% area was found to have very low risk of soil loss, i.e., region. The risk was high, i.e., 50-100 t/(ha·yr) and very high, i.e., >100 t/(ha·yr) in about 6.8% and 7.4% areas respectively. The mean rate of soil loss was about 41.9 t/(ha·yr) in the Hindu Kush, 31.1 t/(ha·yr) in the Himalayas, 18.8 t/(ha·yr) in the Karakoram and overall 29.7 t/(ha·yr) in the three HKH ranges. As such no considerable measures have been adopted by the communities for restoration of the degraded areas except raising fruit/farm trees and supporting limited social forestry for their livelihoods. The slopes cleared for cultivation and susceptible to erosion may be stabilized through sowing/planting of multi-purpose plant species and formation of proper bench terraces. The conservation of forest ecosystem and pastures at higher elevations would help in reducing overland water flow, risk of flash flood hazard and minimizing sediment loads in the downstream. It is essential to adopt site-specific resource conservation techniques and restore possible ecosystem health for sustainable agriculture and economic developm

关键词： Climate change Erodibility Indus basin Land degradation Slope stabilization

Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis for Salinity Tolerance, Heading Date and Plant Height of Barley Germplasm Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第8期50卷 1004-1014页

作者： Lilia Eleuch Abderrazek Jilal Stefania Grando Salvatore Ceccarelli Maria von Korff Schmising Hisashi Tsujimoto Amara Hajer Abderrazek Daaloul Michael Baum Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding Department of Agronomy and Plant Biotechnology National Institute of Agronomy 1085 Tunis Tunisia International centre for Agricultural research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) 5466 Aleppo Syria International centre for Agricultural research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) 5466 Aleppo Syria Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding Science Faculty of Agriculture Tottori UniversityTottori 680-8553 Japan

The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of barley accessions. Additionally, association trait analysis was conducted for grain yield under salinity, heading date and plant height. For this purpose, 48 barley genotypes were analyzed with 22 microsatellite simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. Four of the 22 markers （Bmac316, scssr03907, HVM67 and Bmag770） were able to differentiate all barley genotypes. Cluster and principal coordinate analysis allowed a clear grouping between countries from the same region. The genotypes used in this study have been evaluated for agronomic performance in different environments. Conducting association analysis for grain yield under salinity conditions using TASSEL software revealed a close association of the marker Bmag749 （2H, bin 13） in two different environments with common significant alleles （175, 177）, whereas the HVHOTR1 marker （2H, bin 3） was only significant in Sakhar Egypt with alleles size being 158 and 161. Heading date also showed an association with scssr03907 through the common significant specific allele 111 and EBmac0415 markers in three different agro climatic locations, whereas HVCMA, scssr00103 and HVM67 were linked to heading date in the Egyptian environment only. The plant height association analysis revealed significant markers Bmag770 via the significant allele 152 and scssr09398.

关键词： association analysis genetic variability plant height polymorphism salinity, heading date simple sequence repeat.

Impact of rainfed and irrigated agriculture systems on soil carbon stock under different climate scenarios in the semi-arid region of Brazil

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第4期14卷 359-373页

作者： André L CARVALHO Renato A ARAúJO-NETO Guilherme B LYRA Carlos E P CERRI Stoécio M F MAIA Center for Agrarian Sciences Federal University of AlagoasRio Largo 57072-900Brazil Luiz de Queiroz College of agriculture The University of Sao PauloPiracicaba 13418-900Brazil federal Institute of Alagoas Marechal Deodoro 57160-000Brazil

Understanding the dynamics of soil organic carbon(SOC) is of fundamental importance in land use and management, whether in the current researches or in future scenarios of agriculture systems considering climate change. In order to evaluate SOC stock of the three districts(Delmiro Gouveia, Pariconha, and Inhapi districts) in the semi-arid region of Brazil in rainfed and irrigated agriculture systems under different climate scenarios using the Century model, we obtained RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios derived from the Eta regional Climate Model(Eta-Had GEM2-ES and Eta-MIROC5) from the National Institute for Space research, and then input the data of bulk density, p H, soil texture, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall into the soil and climate files of the Century model. The results of this study showed that the Eta-Had GEM2-ES model was effective in estimating air temperature in the future period. In rainfed agriculture system, SOC stock under the baseline scenario was lower than that under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios, while in irrigated agriculture system, SOC stock in the almost all climate scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and models(Eta-Had GEM2-ES and Eta-MIROC5) will increase by 2100. The results of this study will help producers in the semi-arid region of Brazil adopt specific agriculture systems aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： soil carbon stock agriculture systems climate scenarios Century model semi-arid region

Potential and challenges of tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for farm animal production

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 137-150页

作者： Qianqian Huang Xiuli Liu Guoqi Zhao Tianming Hu Yuxi Wang College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Veterinary research Institute Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Lethbridge research and Development centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Naturally occurring plant compounds including tannins, saponins and essential oils are extensively assessed as natural alternatives to in-feed *** are a group of polyphenolic compounds that are widely present in plant region and possess various biological activities including antimicrobial,anti-parasitic, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, ***, tannins are the major research subject in developing natural alternative to in-feed *** protein affinity is the well-recognized property of plant tannins, which has successfully been applied to ruminant nutrition to decrease protein degradation in the rumen, and thereby improve protein utilization and animal production *** of tannin-containing forage in ruminant diets to control animal pasture bloat, intestinal parasite and pathogenic bacteria load are another 3 important applications of tannins in ruminant *** have traditionally been regarded as "anti-nutritional factor" for monogastric animals and poultry, but recent researches have revealed some of them, when applied in appropriate manner, improved intestinal microbial ecosystem, enhanced gut health and hence increased productive *** applicability of plant tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics depends on many factors that contribute to the great variability in their observed efficacies.

关键词： Tannins Biological activities In-feed antibiotics Natural feed additives Farm animal

Tissue and regional expression patterns of dicistronic tRNA–mRNA transcripts in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and their evolutionary co-appearance with vasculature in land plants

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Horticulture research 2021年第1期8卷 1715-1729页

作者： Pastor Jullian Fabres Lakshay Anand Na Sai Stephen Pederson Fei Zheng Alexander A.Stewart Benjamin Clements Edwin R.Lampugnani James Breen Matthew Gilliham Penny Tricker Carlos M.Rodriguez Lopez Rakesh David School of agriculture Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group Department of HorticultureCollege of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA ARC centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology Waite Research Institute&School of AgricultureFood and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Bioinformatics Hub School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia School of Biosciences University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia ARC Industrial Transformation Training centre in Innovative Wine Production Waite Research Institute&School of AgricultureFood and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

Transfer RNAs(tRNA)are crucial adaptor molecules between messenger RNA(mRNA)and amino *** evidence in plants suggests that dicistronic tRNA-like structures also act as mobile signals for mRNA transcripts to move between distant ***-transcription is not a common feature in the plant nuclear genome and,in the few cases where polycistronic transcripts have been found,they include non-coding RNA species,such as small nucleolar RNAs and *** is not known,however,the extent to which dicistronic transcripts of tRNA and mRNAs are expressed in field-grown plants,or the factors contributing to their *** analysed tRNA–mRNA dicistronic transcripts in the major horticultural crop grapevine(Vitis vinifera)using a novel pipeline developed to identify dicistronic transcripts from high-throughput RNA-sequencing *** identified dicistronic tRNA–mRNA in leaf and berry samples from 22 commercial *** the 124 tRNA genes that were expressed in both tissues,18 tRNA were expressed forming part of 19 dicistronic tRNA–*** presence and abundance of dicistronic molecules was tissue and geographic sub-region *** leaves,the expression patterns of dicistronic tRNA–mRNAs significantly correlated with tRNA expression,suggesting that their transcriptional regulation might be *** also found evidence of syntenic genomic arrangements of tRNAs and protein-coding genes between grapevine and Arabidopsis thaliana,and widespread prevalence of dicistronic tRNA–mRNA transcripts among vascular land plants but no evidence of these transcripts in non-vascular *** suggests that the appearance of plant vasculature and tRNA–mRNA occurred concurrently during the evolution of land plants.

关键词： dic Vitis arrangement

Modelling the role of ground-true riparian vegetation for providing regulating services in a Mediterranean watershed

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2023年第1期11卷 159-168页

作者： Bruno A.Aparício João Pedro Nunes Léonard Bernard-Jannin Luis Filipe Dias Andre Fonseca Teresa Ferreira cE3c-centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstituteFaculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal Forest research centre&Laboratory TERRA School of AgricultureUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal Soil Physics and Land Management Group Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands Longline Environment Ltd LondonUK

Intensive agricultural and industrial activities are often considered major sources of water ***,riparian vegetation(RV)is increasingly being promoted as a solution to balance the potentially adverse effects that agriculture may have on water ***,existing RV is often overlook in recent modelling efforts,failing to capture the current amount of ecosystem services ***,we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool ecohydrological model to simulate the influence of ground-true RV on i)nutrient(nitrate and total phosphorus)and sediment exports from agricultural areas and ii)its effect for in-stream *** results are further compared against a set of hypothetical scenarios of different RV widths and different *** results point to a great rele-vance of existing RV in controlling in-stream concentration of sediments and nutrients where pressure from agriculture is highest,preventing them to surpass limits set in the EU Water Framework *** the other hand,in areas with industry discharges,the role of RV is limited and model results suggest that restoring RV would have limited *** illustrate how existing RV may already provide strong but not acknowledged water quality regulation services,how these services can differ substantially between nearby streams,and that effective strategies to improve water quality using RV must acknowledge existing patterns of vegetation,land use and contamination sources.

关键词： Agricultural pollution Riparian vegetation Ecosystem services Hydrological services Mediterranean region

Gender and rural transformation:A systematic literature review

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2023年第12期22卷 3624-3637页

作者： Maria Fay ROLA-RUBZEN Hue T.VUONG Claire DOLL Curtis ROLLINS Jon Marx SARMIENTO Mohammad Jahangir ALAM Ismat Ara BEGUM UWA School of agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia centre of Science and Technology research and Development Thuongmai UniversityHanoi 100000Vietnam Department of Agribusiness and Marketing Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh-2202Bangladesh

Rural transformation can improve poverty reduction,living standards,and health outcomes in developing ***,impacts associated with rural transformation vary by region,household,and individual trait(including gender).While research on rural transformation has been increasing over the last decade,there has been no comprehensive review conducted on the relationships between gender and rural ***,we conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the impacts of rural transformation on gender and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural *** reviewed 82 studies from 1960-2021 that explore the relationships between rural transformation and *** then developed a framework that captures incidences and flow directions between *** show that most studies examined the impacts of rural transformation on women and between gender *** investigated the role of women and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural ***,studies showed that rural transformation typically leads to positive outcomes for women regarding employment,income,and ***,negative impacts on women’s control over income,stability of new income sources,and access to healthy food are also *** future development policies and programs to explicitly account for gender inclusiveness can lead to more successful rural transformation.

关键词： gender rural transformation structural transformation women’s empowerment