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A taxonomic re-assessment in the Chinese Bupleurum(Apiaceae):Insights from morphology,nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer,and chloroplast(trnH-psbA,matK) sequences

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 558-589页

作者： Chang-Bao WANG Xiang-Guang MA Xing-Jin HE(College of Life Science,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China) (College of Life Science Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China) *Correspondence: Xing-Jin HE *Correspondence: E-mail: xjhe@*** Tel.: 86-28-85415006 fax: 86-28-85415006.

As one of the big genera in Apiaceae,Bupleurum *** received considerable attention from plant ***,there are still many gaps in our knowledge of this genus,especially of those species endemic to China that have often been excluded from previous *** spite of a few recent studies on the phylogeny and classification of the Chinese Bupleurum,the most essential problem of species delimitation still remains *** re-evaluate the taxonomy of the Chinese Bupleurum using morphological and molecular *** observations of living plants growing the field and herbarium specimens were made to understand the morphological variation and to ensure species identification for the molecular *** analyses were carried out on sequence data of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(nrITS),trnH-psbA,and matK,using parsimony and Bayesian approaches to evaluate species *** of both nrITS and combined datasets of the three regions revealed the following results:(i)the Chinese Bupleurum species were divided into two major lineages;and(ii)most species were well defined,but some traditional inter-and infraspecific relationships were not *** results,along with the results of previous works support that the Chinese Bupleurum species were derived from two different lineages and should be placed in Neves and Watson’s subgenus *** detailed taxonomic re-assessment of several Chinese species resulted in new taxonomic recombinations with rank changes for three species:Bupleurum tenerum,***,and ***;new combination for one variety,*** ***;and the description of one variety and one species,*** *** and ***.

关键词： Chinese Bupleurum chloroplast sequences(trnH-psbA matK) morphology nrITS phylogenetic analyses taxonomy and new species.

Morphology,phylogenetic position,and ecophysiology of Alexandrium ostenfeldii(Dinophyceae) from the Bohai Sea,China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 606-616页

作者： Haifeng GU(Third Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Xiamen 361005,China) (Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen 361005 China) *Correspondence: Haifeng GU *Correspondence: E-mail: haifenggu@*** Tel.: 86-592-2195001 fax: 86-592-2195259.

Alexandrium ostenfeldii is a potentially toxic dinoflagellate that often occurs in coastal areas at high *** we report the presence of *** in the Bohai Sea,China,for the first *** vegetative cells of *** are characterized by a narrow first apical plate and a large ventral pore located on the anterior right *** large subunit sequence comparison revealed that the Chinese strain differs from the Finnish strains at only three positions,and from *** of Spain at five *** parsimony analysis revealed that *** from China and Finland and *** from Spain grouped *** were the nearest sister group to a clade with *** from New Zealand,Europe,and North *** culture,growth did not occur at temperatures below 9℃ and occurred at salinities between 7 and 27 *** took 10-20 days for newly formed cysts to mature at 20℃.Lower temperature delayed germination,but the germination rate exceeded 90% at temperatures from 12 to 24℃.No germination occurred below 9℃ after 1 month of *** Chinese strain of *** produced neither spirolides nor paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins.

关键词： Alexandrium ostenfeldii Bohai Sea China cyst growth toxicity.

Anatomical reinvestigation of Archaeopteris macilenta from the Upper Devonian(Frasnian) of South China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 590-597页

作者： Yun GUO De-Ming WANG(Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution,Department of Geology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China) (Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Department of Geology Peking University Beijing 100871 China) *Correspondence: De-Ming WANG *Correspondence: E-mail: dmwang@*** Tel.: 86-10-62761095 fax: 86-10-62751187.

Archaeopteris macilenta is one of the most widespread plants in the Late *** on fossils from the Frasnian Huangjiadeng Formation,Yichang District of Hubei Province,for the first time we study in detail the anatomy of this progymnosperm plant in South *** axes are protostelic with three xylem sympodia and lack secondary *** axes are eustelic,bearing eight sympodia and a thin band of secondary *** symmetrical sympodia of mesarch primary xylem produce traces of appendages in a spiral *** macilenta and ***(***)are dominant in the Frasnian and Famennian,*** with these two species from other tectonic plates indicate consistent stelar *** spread,continuous occurrence,and identical anatomy during the Late Devonian indicate that Archaeopteris survived the Frasnian-Famennian extinction *** this time,endemic genera and cosmopolitan taxa,including Archaeopteris,suggest the palaeogeographic isolation of South China and certain associations with other plates.

关键词： anatomy Archaeopteris Late Devonian palaeogeography progymnosperms South China.

Use of DNA barcode sensu lato to identify traditional Tibetan medicinal plant Gentianopsis paludosa(Gentianaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第3期49卷 267-270页

作者： Chun-Ying XUE* De-Zhu LI(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China) (Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) *Correspondence: Chun-Ying XUE *Correspondence: ?Author for correspondence. E-mail: chyxue@*** Tel.: 86-871-5223508 fax: 86-871-5217791.

Gentianopsis paludosa(Hook.f.) Ma(Gentianaceae) is an important species in Tibetan folk medicine commonly used to clear away the "heat evils" and toxic materials.A survey of market samples revealed that nine adulterant species,Gentianopsis barbata,***,***,Halenia elliptica,Lomatogonium macranthum,***,Swertia angustifolia,*** and ***,are often marketed as *** to distinguish *** from its adulterants are limited by current morphological and chemical *** sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region(ITS) was used in the differentiation of *** from the adulterant *** data showed that the internal transcribed spacer regions differ significantly between *** and all nine adulterant species,so that they could be easily distinguished at the DNA level.

关键词： Gentianaceae Gentianopsis paludosa identification nrDNA ITS Tibetan medicine.

Schmeissneria:An angiosperm from the Early Jurassic

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第5期48卷 326-335页

作者： 1,2Xin WANG 1(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China) 2(Fairylake Botanical Garden,Shenzhen 518004,China) (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China) (Fairylake Botanical Garden Shenzhen 518004 China) *Correspondence: Xin WANG *Correspondence: ?Author for correspondence. E-mail: brandonhuijunwang@*** Tel.: 86-25-8328-2266 fax: 86-25-8328-2140.

The origin of angiosperms has been a focus of intensive research for a long *** so-called pre-Cretaceous angiosperms,including Schmeissneria,are usually clouded with *** expel the cloud around the enigmatic Schmeissneria,the syntype and new materials of Schmeissneria collected previously in Germany and recently in China are *** materials include female inflorescences and *** latter are old materials but were under-studied *** microscopy and scanning electron microscope observations indicate that the fruits in these infructescences have in situ seeds enclosed,and that the ovaries are closed be fore *** the plants meet two strict criteria for angiosperms:angiospermy plus *** Schmeissneria in angiosperms will extend the record of angiosperms up to the Early Jurassic,more compatible with many molecular dating conclusions on the age of angiosperms,and demanding a reassessment of the current doctrines on the origin of *** the phylogenetic relationship of Schmeissneria to other angiosperms apparently is still an open question,this study adds to research concerning the origin of angiosperms.

关键词： angiosperm earliest evolution flower fossil Germany Jurassic origin.

Axial nature of the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第3期48卷 207-214页

作者： 1,2Xin WANG 1(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China) 2(Fairy Lake Botanical Garden,Shenzhen 518004,China) (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China) (Fairy Lake Botanical Garden Shenzhen 518004 China) *Correspondence: Xin WANG *Correspondence: Author for correspondence. E-mail: brandonhuijunwang@*** Tel.: 86-25-8328-2266 fax: 86-25-8328-2140.

Caytoniales are an important group of seed plants,and the nature of their female reproductive organ may influence interpretations of the seed plant phylogeny and the origin of *** not convincingly demonstrated by clear evidence,cupules on previously described specimens were interpreted as being distichously arranged,implying that the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales was a pinnate *** a female reproductive organ of Paracaytonia hongtaoi *** ***.(Caytoniales)is reported from Liaoning,*** well preserved specimen clearly shows a spiral arrangement of cupules along the reproductive axis,suggesting that the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales is not a megasporophyll but a *** new information on the axial nature of the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales has significant implications on the placement of Caytoniales in the seed plant phylogeny and interpretation of the relationship between Caytoniales and angiosperms.

关键词： angiosperms Caytoniales cupule evolution Paracaytonia seed plants systematics Yixian Formation.

Evolutionary pattern of the regulatory network for flower development:Insights gained from a comparison of two Arabidopsis species

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 528-538页

作者： 1,2 Yang LIU 1,2Chun-Ce GUO 1Gui-Xia XU 1Hong-Yan SHAN 1Hong-Zhi KONG 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) *Correspondence: Hong-Zhi KONG *Correspondence: E-mail: hzkong@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836489 fax: 86-10-62590843.

Previous studies on Arabidopsis thaliana and other model plants have indicated that the development of a flower is controlled by a regulatory network composed of genes and the interactions among *** on the evolution of this network will therefore help understand the genetic basis that underlies flower *** this study,by reviewing the most recent published work,we added 31 genes into the previously proposed regulatory network for flower ***,the number of genes reached *** then compared the composition,structure,and evolutionary rate of these genes between *** and one of its allies,*** found that two genes(FLC and MAF2)show 1:2 and 2:2 relationships between the two species,suggesting that they have experienced independent,post-speciation *** the remaining 58 genes,35(60.3%)have diverged in exon-intron structure and,consequently,code for proteins with different sequence features and *** evolutionary analyses further revealed that,although most floral genes have evolved under strong purifying selection,some have evolved under relaxed or changed constraints,as evidenced by the elevation of nonsynonymous substitution rates and/or the presence of positively selected *** together,these results suggest that the regulatory network for flower development has evolved rather rapidly,with changes in the composition,structure,and functional constraint of genes,as well as the interactions among them,being the most important contributors.

关键词： Arabidopsis evolution flower development regulatory network.

Pollen limitation and variation in floral longevity in gynodioecious Potentilla tanacetifolia

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 539-545页

作者： 1,2Hong YAO 1Yi-Bo LUO 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) *Correspondence: Yi-Bo LUO *Correspondence: E-mail: luoyb@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836514 fax: 86-10-62590843.

Pollination limitation is common in flowering plants and is thought to be a factor driving the evolution of floral *** plasticity of floral longevity to pollination may be an adaptation of plants to pollen ***,this adaptation is less critical in short-lived *** evaluate pollen limitation and the plasticity of floral longevity to pollination in Potentilla tanacetifolia,a gynodioecious herb with short-lived flowers,we analyzed its breeding system,tested sex-differential pollen limitation,and compared variations in floral display size in natural populations in Duolun County,Inner Mongolia,*** pollination experiments and pollinator exclusion treatments revealed that *** is self-compatible and non-autonomously apomictic and shows sex-differential pollen *** plasticity of floral longevity to pollination was observed;the floral duration of female plants was prolonged by approximately 3-4 hours with pollination exclusion ***,the percentage of flowers displayed on female plants during pollination exclusion treatment was significantly higher than that during natural *** natural pollination conditions,the percentage of flowers displayed on female plants was significantly higher than on hermaphrodite ***,approximately 50%of the pollen grains spread out of the anthers of hermaphrodite flowers within 2 h of anthesis;the number of pollen grains adhering to the stigmas of hermaphrodite flowers was significantly higher than that adhering to female flowers when flowers shed their *** results indicate that variation in floral longevity may be an adaptive strategy to pollination conditions for gynodioecious ***.

关键词： floral longevity gynodioecy plasticity pollen limitation Potentilla tanacetifolia.

Genetic differentiation of Wolffia globosa in China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 509-517页

作者： 1,2Jun-Xia YUAN 1Jin PAN 1Bao-Sheng WANG 1Da-Ming ZHANG 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) *Correspondence: Da-Ming ZHANG *Correspondence: E-mail: zhangdm@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836492 fax: 86-10-62590843.

Wolffia Horkel ex Schleid.(Lemnaceae) includes the world’s smallest ***,their bodies are extremely simplified,making classification difficult and *** reports about the genetic structure of these clonal-dominant aquatic plants have been published until *** this study,of 247 samples from 42 populations spanning representative locations in China,two chloroplast haplotypes(glo-cp and un-cp) and 66 amplified fragment length polymorphism genotypes were *** on wide sampling,cpDNA haplotypes,and amplified fragment length polymorphism profiles,we found that there are two genetic lineages(glo-and unlineages) of Wolffia species in *** and genetic diversity of Wolffia species are high compared with other clonal plants(Simpson’s index,D = 0.97;Nei’s diversity,H = 0.1835).Different spatial structure patterns were detected between glo-and *** autocorrelation at short distances(1500 km) were detected within the glo-lineage,but no significant spatial genetic structure was detected beyond 100 km within the ***,spatial genetic analysis of *** revealed significant autocorrelation within short distances,indicating that restricted gene flow might be one of the most important factors in shaping genetic structure.

关键词： AFLP chloroplast DNA genetic differentiation spatial genetic structure Wolffia.