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Palynological characters of Glycyrrhiza,Glycyrrhizopsis,and Meristotropis(Leguminosae),with special reference to their taxonomic significance

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第6期48卷 455-463页

作者： 1,2Lei MENG 2Xiang-Yun ZHU 1(College of Biological Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094,China) 2(Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) (College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China) (Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) *Correspondence: Xiang-Yun ZHU *Correspondence: Author for correspondence. E-mail: xiangyunzhu@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836111 fax: 86-10-82594477.

The pollen morphology of 11 species of the genus Glycyrrhiza *** one from each of the genera Glycyrrhizopsis Boiss.& *** Meristotropis Fisch.& *** investigated by scanning electron *** pollen morphology,the main differences between Glycyrrhizopsis and Glycyrrhiza are:Glycyrrhizopsis-pollen grains 36.63 × 40.42 μm in size,oblate spheroidal in shape;and Glycyrrhiza-pollen grains 24.47-33.18 × 23.82-31.83 μm in size,prolate spheroidal in *** and Glycyrrhiza should be recognized as two distinct genera based on palynological and morphological *** and Glycyrrhiza are similar in many important palynological and morphological characters,suggesting that the two should be *** Glycyrrhiza,two types of pollen grains,3-lobed-circular or subtriangular in polar view,are found in different species,in accordance with morphological differences in the two groups,shedding light on the classification and evolution of the genus.

关键词： exine sculpture morphological character pollen morphology taxonomic revision.

Axial nature of the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第3期48卷 207-214页

作者： 1,2Xin WANG 1(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China) 2(Fairy Lake Botanical Garden,Shenzhen 518004,China) (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China) (Fairy Lake Botanical Garden Shenzhen 518004 China) *Correspondence: Xin WANG *Correspondence: Author for correspondence. E-mail: brandonhuijunwang@*** Tel.: 86-25-8328-2266 fax: 86-25-8328-2140.

Caytoniales are an important group of seed plants,and the nature of their female reproductive organ may influence interpretations of the seed plant phylogeny and the origin of *** not convincingly demonstrated by clear evidence,cupules on previously described specimens were interpreted as being distichously arranged,implying that the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales was a pinnate *** a female reproductive organ of Paracaytonia hongtaoi *** ***.(Caytoniales)is reported from Liaoning,*** well preserved specimen clearly shows a spiral arrangement of cupules along the reproductive axis,suggesting that the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales is not a megasporophyll but a *** new information on the axial nature of the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales has significant implications on the placement of Caytoniales in the seed plant phylogeny and interpretation of the relationship between Caytoniales and angiosperms.

关键词： angiosperms Caytoniales cupule evolution Paracaytonia seed plants systematics Yixian Formation.

An embryological study and systematic significance of the primitive gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第4期49卷 353-361页

作者： 1,2Li WANG 1Di WANG 1Ming-Ming LIN 1Yan LU 1Xiao-Xue JIANG 1Biao JIN 1(College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China) 2(Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) (College of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China) (Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) *Correspondence: Biao JIN *Correspondence: E-mail: bjin@*** Tel.: 86-514-87979344 fax: 86-514-87347537.

Ginkgo biloba *** considered one of the most ancient seed plants,with several primitive features of plant reproductive ***,the phylogenetic position of Ginkgo and its relationship with other extant seed plants remain *** gain a better understanding of these issues,we observed the embryological development of *** using semi-thin sections and scanning electron *** late August,the zygote moved from the end of the micropylar to the middle of the archegonium,and mitosis resulted in many free nuclei distributed randomly in the ***,the cell wall was formed and the proembryo began to differentiate into the embryonal region and the underdeveloped presuspensor *** early October,the embryo differentiated into two cotyledons,plumule,hypocotyl,radicle,and suspensor ***,the two cotyledons grew rapidly,but the undeveloped suspensor began to degenerate and gradually disappear,indicating that the embryo had begun to *** early embryo development,the main supply of nutrients was carbohydrate in the cells of the jacket,tentpole,and surrounding endosperm,whereas endosperm provided nutrients during embryo *** results indicate that Ginkgo is extremely similar to cycads in terms of embryology but more similar to conifers in macromorphology and vegetative anatomy,suggesting that the Ginkgo lineage may have an intermediate phylogenetic position between cycads and conifers.

关键词： embryo development Ginkgo biloba L. systematic significance.

Comparative study of pollination biology of two closely related alpine Primula species,namely Primula beesiana and *** (Primulaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第2期48卷 109-117页

作者： 1,2Zhi-Kun WU 1Chang-Qin ZHANG 1(Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China) 2(Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) (Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) *Correspondence: Chang-Qin ZHANG *Correspondence: *?Author for correspondence. E-mail: zhangchangqin@*** Tel.: 86-871-522-3630 fax: 86-871-521-6345.

The comparative pollination biology of a population of Primula beesiana,a population of ***,and an overlapping population of these two species in Yulong Shan,Yunnan Province,China,was studied in 2004 and *** results indicate that both *** and *** are typical heterostylous and obligate outcrossing species;the main pollinators of the two species were bees and *** the sites of all three populations,the main pollinating visitors of the two species showed preference for one of the two species,resulting in the ethological isolation of the two species by the *** ethological isolation contributes to the reproductive isolation of the two species,which supports the hypothesis that *** and *** are two distinct *** reproductive isolation of the two species (ethological isolation) is probably an important mechanism in maintaining species boundaries in the genus and has contributed to the species diversification of Primula in the *** addition,gene exchanges between *** and *** has occurred to some extent in the overlapping population,but whether natural hybridization has contributed to species diversification in Primula remains to be determined.

关键词： pollination biology Primula beesiana Primula bulleyana reproductive isolation

DNA barcoding in closely related species:A case study of Primula *** Pax(Primulaceae) in China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第3期49卷 225-236页

作者： 1Hai-Fei YAN 2Gang HAO 1Chi-Ming HU 1Xue-Jun GE* 1(Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China) 2(College of Life Sciences,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China) (Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China) (College of Life Sciences South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China) *Correspondence: Xue-Jun GE *Correspondence: ?Author for correspondence. E-mail: xjge@*** Tel./fax: 86-20-37252551.

DNA barcoding is a method of identifying species by analyzing one or a few short standardized DNA *** are particular challenges in barcoding plants,especially for distinguishing closely related ***,there is an urgent need to evaluate the performance of candidate loci for distinguishing between species,especially closely related species,to complement the rbcL + matK combination suggested as the core barcode for land *** sampled 48 individuals representing 12 species in Primula *** Pax in China to evaluate the performance of eight leading candidate barcode loci(matK,rbcL,rpoB,rpoC1,trnH-psbA,psbK-psbI,atpFatpH,and internal transcribed spacer(ITS)).The core combination rbcL + matK gave only 50% species resolution in *** terms of intraspecies and interspecies divergence,degree of monophyly,and sequence similarity,ITS,trnH-psbA,and psbK-psbI showed good performance as single-locus *** transcribed spacer displayed the highest genetic divergence and best discriminatory power,both alone and in combination with rbcL + matK(83.3% species resolution).We recommend evaluating the use of ITS for barcoding in other *** or single copy nuclear regions would provide more sophisticated barcoding tools in the long term,even though further research is required to find suitable loci.

关键词： DNA barcoding ITS plastid candidates Primlula sect.Proliferae species discrimination.

Chromosome counts and karyotypes in Chaetoseris and Stenoseris (Asteraceae-Cichorieae) from the Hengduan Mountains of SW China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第4期49卷 339-346页

作者： 1Tao DENG 1,2Ying MENG 1Hang SUN 1Ze-Long NIE 1(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China) 2(Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China) (Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) (Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) *Correspondence: Ze-Long NIE *Correspondence: E-mail: niezl@*** Tel.: 86-871-5223523 fax: 86-871-5215002.

Chaetoseris and Stenoseris are two morphologically close genera from the tribe Cichorieae of the sunflower family and they are endemic in alpine eastern Himalayas to the Hengduan Mountains of SW *** chromosome numbers and karyotypes are reported for 12 populations representing eight species of Chaetoseris and two species of Stenoseris from the Hengduan Mountains *** species are new and the other two provide confirmation of previous *** Chaetoseris and Stenoseris taxa are diploidy with 2n = 16 and their basic number is tentatively suggested as x = *** of Chaetoseris and Stenoseris are similar to each other with 2A and 2B for the former and 2A for the *** data of chromosomal numbers and karyotypes support a close relationship of the two *** no polyploids are found for these two genera and it seems that polyploidization has played a minor role in their evolutionary speciation in the Hengduan Mountains region.

关键词： Asteraceae Chaetoseris Cichorieae Hengduan Mountains karyotype Stenoseris.

Molecular identification of species in Juglandaceae:A tiered method

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第3期49卷 252-260页

作者： 1,2Xiao-Guo XIANG 1,2Jing-Bo ZHANG 1An-Ming LU 1Rui-Qi LI* 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) *Correspondence: Rui-Qi LI *Correspondence: ?Author for correspondence. E-mail: liruiqi@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836447 fax: 86-10-62590843.

DNA barcoding is a method of species identification and recognition using DNA sequence data.A tiered or multilocus method has been recommended for barcoding plant *** this study,we sampled 196 individuals representing 9 genera and 54 species of Juglandaceae to investigate the utility of the four potential barcoding loci(rbcL,matK,trnH-psbA,and internal transcribed spacer(ITS)).Our results show that all four DNA regions are easy to amplify and *** the four tested DNA regions,ITS has the most variable information,and rbcL has the *** generic level,seven of nine genera can be efficiently identified by *** species level,ITS has higher interspecific p-distance than the trnH-psbA *** to align in the whole family,ITS showed heterogeneous variability among different *** for the monotypic genera(Cyclocarya,Annamocarya,Platycarya),ITS appeared to have limited power for species identification within the Carya and Engelhardia complex,and have no power for Juglans or ***,our results confirmed that a multilocus tiered method for plant barcoding was applicable and *** higher priority,matK is proposed as the first-tier DNA region for genus discrimination,and the second locus at species level should have enough stable variable characters.

关键词： DNA barcoding ITS Juglandaceae matK rbcL trnH-psbA.

Molecular identification of species in Prunus sect. Persica (Rosaceae), with emphasis on evaluation of candidate barcodes for plants

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第2期49卷 138-145页

作者： 1,2 Xu QUAN 1 Shi-Liang ZHOU 1 (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China) 2 (Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) *Correspondence: Shi-Liang ZHOU *Correspondence: Author for correspondence. E-mail: slzhou@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836503 fax: 86-10-62590843.

Species of Prunus L. sect. Persica are not only important fruit trees, but also popular ornamental and medicinal plants. Correct identification of seedlings, barks, or fruit kernels is sometimes required, but no reliable morphological characters are available. Nowadays, the technique of DNA barcoding has the potential to meet such requirements. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of 11 DNA loci (atpB-rbcL, trnH-psbA, trnL-F, trnS-G, atpF-H, rbcL, matK, rpoB, rpoC1, nad1, and internal transcribed spacer [ITS]) as candidate DNA barcodes for peaches, using samples from 38 populations, covering all the species in sect. Persica. On the whole, the primers worked well in this group and sequencing difficulties were met only in the case of ITS locus. Five loci (rbcL, matK, rpoB, rpoC, and nad1) have very low variation rates, whereas atpB-rbcL, atpF-H, trnH-psbA, trnL-F and trnS-G show more variability. The most variable loci, atpB-rbcL and trnH-psbA, can distinguish three of the five species. Two two-locus combinations, atpB-rbcL+trnL-F and atpB-rbcL+atpF-H, can resolve all five species. We also find that identification powers of the loci are method-dependent. The NeighborNet method shows higher species identification power than maximum parsimony, neighbor joining, and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean methods.

关键词： atpB-rbcL DNA barcode Prunus sect. Persica trnL-F.

Expression pattern of CYC-like genes relating to a dorsalized actinomorphic flower in Tengia(Gesneriaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第5期48卷 309-317页

作者： 1Hong-Bo PANG 2Qing-Wen SUN 2Shun-Zhi HE 1Yin-Zheng WANG 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550002,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550002 China) *Correspondence: Yin-Zheng WANG *Correspondence: ?Author for correspondence. E-mail: wangyz@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836474 fax: 86-10-62590843.

Tengia has been called a "natural peloria" in the family Gesneriaceae because it exhibits an almost perfect actinomorphic flower from whorl one to whorl *** would be especially interesting to know whether or how CYC-like gene activities are related to this type of perfect actinomorphic *** address this,we have isolated four CYC-like TCP genes and carried out an investigation on their expression patterns in ***1C and TsCYC1D have similar expression patterns with strong signals being detected in all five petals and stamens,whereas TsCYC2A and TsCYC2B are only transiently expressed in the very early floral *** results suggest that the expansion of the expressions of TsCYC1C and TsCYC1D from the dorsal to the ventral petals is likely responsible for the evolutionary formation of the fully dorsalized actinomorphic corolla,that is,an expanded functional domain of CYC-like gene dorsal identity in Tengia ***,the expressions of TsCYC1C and TsCYC1D are not correlated with stamen abortion;therefore,TsCYC genes do not functionally repress the stamen development in Tengia *** is probably due to changed cis-activities that result in the cell cycle-related genes uncoupling from the TsCYC regulatory pathway in Tengia.

关键词： actinomorphy CYCLOIDEA dorsalized Gesneriaceae RNA in situ hybridization Tengia.