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Evolutionary pattern of the regulatory network for flower development:Insights gained from a comparison of two Arabidopsis species

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 528-538页

作者： 1,2 Yang LIU 1,2Chun-Ce GUO 1Gui-Xia XU 1Hong-Yan SHAN 1Hong-Zhi KONG 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) *Correspondence: Hong-Zhi KONG *Correspondence: E-mail: hzkong@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836489 fax: 86-10-62590843.

Previous studies on Arabidopsis thaliana and other model plants have indicated that the development of a flower is controlled by a regulatory network composed of genes and the interactions among *** on the evolution of this network will therefore help understand the genetic basis that underlies flower *** this study,by reviewing the most recent published work,we added 31 genes into the previously proposed regulatory network for flower ***,the number of genes reached *** then compared the composition,structure,and evolutionary rate of these genes between *** and one of its allies,*** found that two genes(FLC and MAF2)show 1:2 and 2:2 relationships between the two species,suggesting that they have experienced independent,post-speciation *** the remaining 58 genes,35(60.3%)have diverged in exon-intron structure and,consequently,code for proteins with different sequence features and *** evolutionary analyses further revealed that,although most floral genes have evolved under strong purifying selection,some have evolved under relaxed or changed constraints,as evidenced by the elevation of nonsynonymous substitution rates and/or the presence of positively selected *** together,these results suggest that the regulatory network for flower development has evolved rather rapidly,with changes in the composition,structure,and functional constraint of genes,as well as the interactions among them,being the most important contributors.

关键词： Arabidopsis evolution flower development regulatory network.

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Pollen limitation and variation in floral longevity in gynodioecious Potentilla tanacetifolia

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 539-545页

作者： 1,2Hong YAO 1Yi-Bo LUO 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) *Correspondence: Yi-Bo LUO *Correspondence: E-mail: luoyb@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836514 fax: 86-10-62590843.

Pollination limitation is common in flowering plants and is thought to be a factor driving the evolution of floral *** plasticity of floral longevity to pollination may be an adaptation of plants to pollen ***,this adaptation is less critical in short-lived *** evaluate pollen limitation and the plasticity of floral longevity to pollination in Potentilla tanacetifolia,a gynodioecious herb with short-lived flowers,we analyzed its breeding system,tested sex-differential pollen limitation,and compared variations in floral display size in natural populations in Duolun County,Inner Mongolia,*** pollination experiments and pollinator exclusion treatments revealed that *** is self-compatible and non-autonomously apomictic and shows sex-differential pollen *** plasticity of floral longevity to pollination was observed;the floral duration of female plants was prolonged by approximately 3-4 hours with pollination exclusion ***,the percentage of flowers displayed on female plants during pollination exclusion treatment was significantly higher than that during natural *** natural pollination conditions,the percentage of flowers displayed on female plants was significantly higher than on hermaphrodite ***,approximately 50%of the pollen grains spread out of the anthers of hermaphrodite flowers within 2 h of anthesis;the number of pollen grains adhering to the stigmas of hermaphrodite flowers was significantly higher than that adhering to female flowers when flowers shed their *** results indicate that variation in floral longevity may be an adaptive strategy to pollination conditions for gynodioecious ***.

关键词： floral longevity gynodioecy plasticity pollen limitation Potentilla tanacetifolia.

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Genetic differentiation of Wolffia globosa in China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 509-517页

作者： 1,2Jun-Xia YUAN 1Jin PAN 1Bao-Sheng WANG 1Da-Ming ZHANG 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) *Correspondence: Da-Ming ZHANG *Correspondence: E-mail: zhangdm@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836492 fax: 86-10-62590843.

Wolffia Horkel ex Schleid.(Lemnaceae) includes the world’s smallest ***,their bodies are extremely simplified,making classification difficult and *** reports about the genetic structure of these clonal-dominant aquatic plants have been published until *** this study,of 247 samples from 42 populations spanning representative locations in China,two chloroplast haplotypes(glo-cp and un-cp) and 66 amplified fragment length polymorphism genotypes were *** on wide sampling,cpDNA haplotypes,and amplified fragment length polymorphism profiles,we found that there are two genetic lineages(glo-and unlineages) of Wolffia species in *** and genetic diversity of Wolffia species are high compared with other clonal plants(Simpson’s index,D = 0.97;Nei’s diversity,H = 0.1835).Different spatial structure patterns were detected between glo-and *** autocorrelation at short distances(1500 km) were detected within the glo-lineage,but no significant spatial genetic structure was detected beyond 100 km within the ***,spatial genetic analysis of *** revealed significant autocorrelation within short distances,indicating that restricted gene flow might be one of the most important factors in shaping genetic structure.

关键词： AFLP chloroplast DNA genetic differentiation spatial genetic structure Wolffia.

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Anatomical reinvestigation of Archaeopteris macilenta from the Upper Devonian(Frasnian) of South China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 590-597页

作者： Yun GUO De-Ming WANG(Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution,Department of Geology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China) (Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Department of Geology Peking University Beijing 100871 China) *Correspondence: De-Ming WANG *Correspondence: E-mail: dmwang@*** Tel.: 86-10-62761095 fax: 86-10-62751187.

Archaeopteris macilenta is one of the most widespread plants in the Late *** on fossils from the Frasnian Huangjiadeng Formation,Yichang District of Hubei Province,for the first time we study in detail the anatomy of this progymnosperm plant in South *** axes are protostelic with three xylem sympodia and lack secondary *** axes are eustelic,bearing eight sympodia and a thin band of secondary *** symmetrical sympodia of mesarch primary xylem produce traces of appendages in a spiral *** macilenta and ***(***)are dominant in the Frasnian and Famennian,*** with these two species from other tectonic plates indicate consistent stelar *** spread,continuous occurrence,and identical anatomy during the Late Devonian indicate that Archaeopteris survived the Frasnian-Famennian extinction *** this time,endemic genera and cosmopolitan taxa,including Archaeopteris,suggest the palaeogeographic isolation of South China and certain associations with other plates.

关键词： anatomy Archaeopteris Late Devonian palaeogeography progymnosperms South China.

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Paeonia rotundiloba(***)***:A new status in tree peonies(Paeoniaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第5期49卷 464-467页

作者： De-Yuan HONG(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) *Correspondence: De-Yuan HONG *Correspondence: E-mail: hongdy@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836096 fax: 86-10-62590843

Paeonia decomposita Hand.-*** *** is here raised to the specific rank,***(***) ***,based on its distinctiveness of four diagnostic characters:number of carpels;height of disk;number of leaflets of the lower leaves,and shape of the terminal leaflets;and unpublished molecular *** rotundiloba differs distinctly from *** in having carpels mostly 3,less often 2 or 4,very rarely 5(*** always 5,very occasionally 4 or 3),disk 8-15 mm high(vs.4-9.6 mm),leaflets mostly 19-39(vs.29-63) in number,and ratio of length to width of the terminal leaflets 1.09-1.93(vs.1.81-2.99).

关键词： China new status Paeonia decomposita Paeonia rotundiloba Sichuan statistical analysis.

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Biosystematic studies on Adenophora potaninii ***(Campanulaceae) V.A taxonomic treatment

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第6期48卷 445-454页

作者： Song GE De-Yuan HONG(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) *Correspondence: Song GE *Correspondence: Author for correspondence. E-mail: gesong@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836097 fax: 86-10-62590843.

Adenophora is an extremely variable genus,and its taxonomy is very *** the genus,Adenophora potaninii complex,including ***,***,***,***,***,***,and *** ***,is a typical group with different taxonomical treatments due to high level of morphological *** carried out extensive biosystematic studies based on population sampling,transplantation experiments and offspring tests,cluster analysis,and a crossing *** results reveal four main findings.(i) Leaf forms of the *** complex were extremely polymorphic;the leaf form of *** and ***,and that of *** and *** could be found,respectively,on a single population or among the offsprings of a single plant.(ii) Cluster analysis and a crossing experiment indicated that *** and *** could not be separated from ***,nor *** from ***.(iii) Adenophora potaninii and *** were gradational in morphology and their compatibility value was slightly reduced compared to that within each entity.(iv) Adenophora lobophylla was distinct from the other members of the complex in shape and size of corolla,relative length of style,and shape of *** species was incompatible reproductively with the other members of the complex,but partly compatible with ***,a species in another ***,we recognized only one species with two subspecies in the complex,*** *** and ***,moved *** out of the complex,and reduced all the other names as new synonyms.

关键词： Adenophora potaninii biosystematics populations species complex taxonomy.

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Molecular identification of species in Juglandaceae:A tiered method

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第3期49卷 252-260页

作者： 1,2Xiao-Guo XIANG 1,2Jing-Bo ZHANG 1An-Ming LU 1Rui-Qi LI* 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) *Correspondence: Rui-Qi LI *Correspondence: ?Author for correspondence. E-mail: liruiqi@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836447 fax: 86-10-62590843.

DNA barcoding is a method of species identification and recognition using DNA sequence data.A tiered or multilocus method has been recommended for barcoding plant *** this study,we sampled 196 individuals representing 9 genera and 54 species of Juglandaceae to investigate the utility of the four potential barcoding loci(rbcL,matK,trnH-psbA,and internal transcribed spacer(ITS)).Our results show that all four DNA regions are easy to amplify and *** the four tested DNA regions,ITS has the most variable information,and rbcL has the *** generic level,seven of nine genera can be efficiently identified by *** species level,ITS has higher interspecific p-distance than the trnH-psbA *** to align in the whole family,ITS showed heterogeneous variability among different *** for the monotypic genera(Cyclocarya,Annamocarya,Platycarya),ITS appeared to have limited power for species identification within the Carya and Engelhardia complex,and have no power for Juglans or ***,our results confirmed that a multilocus tiered method for plant barcoding was applicable and *** higher priority,matK is proposed as the first-tier DNA region for genus discrimination,and the second locus at species level should have enough stable variable characters.

关键词： DNA barcoding ITS Juglandaceae matK rbcL trnH-psbA.

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Molecular identification of species in Prunus sect. Persica (Rosaceae), with emphasis on evaluation of candidate barcodes for plants

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第2期49卷 138-145页

作者： 1,2 Xu QUAN 1 Shi-Liang ZHOU 1 (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China) 2 (Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) *Correspondence: Shi-Liang ZHOU *Correspondence: Author for correspondence. E-mail: slzhou@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836503 fax: 86-10-62590843.

Species of Prunus L. sect. Persica are not only important fruit trees, but also popular ornamental and medicinal plants. Correct identification of seedlings, barks, or fruit kernels is sometimes required, but no reliable morphological characters are available. Nowadays, the technique of DNA barcoding has the potential to meet such requirements. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of 11 DNA loci (atpB-rbcL, trnH-psbA, trnL-F, trnS-G, atpF-H, rbcL, matK, rpoB, rpoC1, nad1, and internal transcribed spacer [ITS]) as candidate DNA barcodes for peaches, using samples from 38 populations, covering all the species in sect. Persica. On the whole, the primers worked well in this group and sequencing difficulties were met only in the case of ITS locus. Five loci (rbcL, matK, rpoB, rpoC, and nad1) have very low variation rates, whereas atpB-rbcL, atpF-H, trnH-psbA, trnL-F and trnS-G show more variability. The most variable loci, atpB-rbcL and trnH-psbA, can distinguish three of the five species. Two two-locus combinations, atpB-rbcL+trnL-F and atpB-rbcL+atpF-H, can resolve all five species. We also find that identification powers of the loci are method-dependent. The NeighborNet method shows higher species identification power than maximum parsimony, neighbor joining, and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean methods.

关键词： atpB-rbcL DNA barcode Prunus sect. Persica trnL-F.

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Expression pattern of CYC-like genes relating to a dorsalized actinomorphic flower in Tengia(Gesneriaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第5期48卷 309-317页

作者： 1Hong-Bo PANG 2Qing-Wen SUN 2Shun-Zhi HE 1Yin-Zheng WANG 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550002,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550002 China) *Correspondence: Yin-Zheng WANG *Correspondence: ?Author for correspondence. E-mail: wangyz@*** Tel.: 86-10-62836474 fax: 86-10-62590843.

Tengia has been called a "natural peloria" in the family Gesneriaceae because it exhibits an almost perfect actinomorphic flower from whorl one to whorl *** would be especially interesting to know whether or how CYC-like gene activities are related to this type of perfect actinomorphic *** address this,we have isolated four CYC-like TCP genes and carried out an investigation on their expression patterns in ***1C and TsCYC1D have similar expression patterns with strong signals being detected in all five petals and stamens,whereas TsCYC2A and TsCYC2B are only transiently expressed in the very early floral *** results suggest that the expansion of the expressions of TsCYC1C and TsCYC1D from the dorsal to the ventral petals is likely responsible for the evolutionary formation of the fully dorsalized actinomorphic corolla,that is,an expanded functional domain of CYC-like gene dorsal identity in Tengia ***,the expressions of TsCYC1C and TsCYC1D are not correlated with stamen abortion;therefore,TsCYC genes do not functionally repress the stamen development in Tengia *** is probably due to changed cis-activities that result in the cell cycle-related genes uncoupling from the TsCYC regulatory pathway in Tengia.

关键词： actinomorphy CYCLOIDEA dorsalized Gesneriaceae RNA in situ hybridization Tengia.

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A taxonomic re-assessment in the Chinese Bupleurum(Apiaceae):Insights from morphology,nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer,and chloroplast(trnH-psbA,matK) sequences

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 558-589页

作者： Chang-Bao WANG Xiang-Guang MA Xing-Jin HE(College of Life Science,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China) (College of Life Science Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China) *Correspondence: Xing-Jin HE *Correspondence: E-mail: xjhe@*** Tel.: 86-28-85415006 fax: 86-28-85415006.

As one of the big genera in Apiaceae,Bupleurum *** received considerable attention from plant ***,there are still many gaps in our knowledge of this genus,especially of those species endemic to China that have often been excluded from previous *** spite of a few recent studies on the phylogeny and classification of the Chinese Bupleurum,the most essential problem of species delimitation still remains *** re-evaluate the taxonomy of the Chinese Bupleurum using morphological and molecular *** observations of living plants growing the field and herbarium specimens were made to understand the morphological variation and to ensure species identification for the molecular *** analyses were carried out on sequence data of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(nrITS),trnH-psbA,and matK,using parsimony and Bayesian approaches to evaluate species *** of both nrITS and combined datasets of the three regions revealed the following results:(i)the Chinese Bupleurum species were divided into two major lineages;and(ii)most species were well defined,but some traditional inter-and infraspecific relationships were not *** results,along with the results of previous works support that the Chinese Bupleurum species were derived from two different lineages and should be placed in Neves and Watson’s subgenus *** detailed taxonomic re-assessment of several Chinese species resulted in new taxonomic recombinations with rank changes for three species:Bupleurum tenerum,***,and ***;new combination for one variety,*** ***;and the description of one variety and one species,*** *** and ***.

关键词： Chinese Bupleurum chloroplast sequences(trnH-psbA matK) morphology nrITS phylogenetic analyses taxonomy and new species.

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