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SC Currents Minimization in Distributed Generation Embedded Distribution Networks with Optimal Application of FCLs

CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第5期8卷 1388-1397页

作者： Irtaza Sohail Babar Hussain M.Abubakar Intisar Ali Sajjad M.Faisal Nadeem Muhammad Sarwar fauji fertilizer company Sadiqabad 64350Pakistan EED UETTaxilaPunjab 47050Pakistan

For meeting the increased demand of electrical power,distributed generation(DG)based on renewable energy resources(RERs),has become a potential alternative to large plants based on fossil *** power from environmentally friendly RERs is available at a competitive price due to technological advancements in recent ***,optimal allocation of DG at the distribution network(DN)level may result in power loss reduction,improvement in voltage profile and the network’s overall ***,integration of DG may increase the short circuit(SC)level beyond the capacity of the protection gear,conductors,transformers and other components of a *** high short circuit currents(SCCs)may be reduced by application of a fault current limiter(FCL).However,most of the existing literature proposes optimization of FCLs size by considering only normal configurations of a *** approach is inappropriate as it may fail to produce the desired reduction in SCCs in different N−1 contingency *** this paper,a new strategy is presented that considers both normal as well as various contingency situations for optimal allocation of FCLs in a DN with DG *** strategy is implemented in the IEEE 30-bus system in a MATLAB environment using a genetic algorithm(GA).The simulation results prove that the proposed strategy is effective in determining the optimal FCLs size that restricts the SCCs to a safe level in different operating conditions including N−1 contingencies and thus,improves network safety and *** strategy described in the paper can play an important role in DN planning involving optimal application of DG and FCLs.

关键词： Distributed generation fault current limiters genetic algorithm N−1 contingency optimization

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Disposal and Use of Sewage on Agricultural Lands in Pakistan: A Review

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Pedosphere 2010年第1期20卷 23-34页

作者： G. MURTAZA A. GHAFOOR M. QADIR G. OWENS M. A. AZIZ M. H. ZIA SAIFULLAH Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad-38040 (Pakistan) Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Technical Services Department Fauji Fertilizer Company Ltd.

Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to meet water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy metal load to soils, which may impact the food chain. Management options for sewage contaminated soils includes addition of nontoxic compounds such as lime, calcium sulfate and organic matter, which form insoluble metal complexes, thus reducing metal phytoavailability to plants. In this paper we review the variation in irrigation quality of sewage at different sites and its impact on the quality of soils and vegetables. Although quality of sewage was highly variable at source, yet the effluent from food industries was relatively safe for irrigation. In comparison effluent samples collected from textile, dyeing, calendaring, steel industry, hospitals and clinical laboratories, foundries and tanneries were hazardous with respect to soluble salts, sodium adsorption ratio and heavy metals like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium. The sewage quality in main drains was better than that at the industry outlet, but was still not safe for irrigation. In general, higher accumulation of metals in fruits and vegetable roots was recorded compared to that in plant leaves, Edible parts of vegetables （fruits and/or leaves） accumulated metals more than the permissible limits despite the soils contained ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetie acid extractable metals within a safe range. In either case further scientific investigations are needed to ensure safe management strategies. Cadmium appeared to be the most threatening metal especially in leafy vegetables. It is advisable to avoid leafy vegetables cultivation in sewage irrigated areas everywhere to restrict its entry into food chain.

关键词： contamination heavy metals irrigation soil quality vegetables

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Hydrothermally stable mesoporous aluminosilicates as superior FCC catalyst:From laboratory to refinery

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Petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1903-1908页

作者： Hong-Tao Liu Jiu-Jiang Wang Fang-Ming Xie Yun-Chuang Li Hai-Yan Li Hai-Yan Liu Yuan-Yuan Yue Xiao-Tong Mi xiong-Hou Gao Hong-Hai Liu State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBejing100029China Petrochemical Research Institute Petrochina Company LimitedBejing100195China State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China national Engineering Research Center of Chemical fertilizer Catalyst College of Chemical EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China

Well-ordered aluminosilicates(MAs)were prepared by in-situ assembly of pre-crystallized units of zeolite Y precursors at a commercial scale,and applied in an industrial fluid catalytic cracking unit for the first *** with incumbent equilibrium catalyst,the surface area of trial equilibrium catalysts(30%inventory ratio)increased from 110 m^(2)g^(-1)to 120m^(2)g^(-1).Moreover,a significant increase of the mesoporous surfaceareaof trial equlibrium catalysts(30%inventoryrati)from 33 m g/to 40magi(22%increase).Furthermore,the equilibrium catalyst that contain 80%LPC-65 yields significantly lower heavy oil(0.23%)and higher total liquids(0.53%)compared with *** industrial results demonstrated excellent hydrothermal stability and superior catalytic cracking properties,showing the promising futurein the industrial units.

关键词： Mesoporous aluminosilicates Heavy oil Fluid catalytic cracking Industrial application

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Effects of Microbial fertilizers in Improving Acidic Tobacco-planting Soil and Tobacco Leaf Quality

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2023年第2期12卷 67-72页

作者： Xia NI Shungang SHEN Xianyi ZENG Dewen LI Yeming FU Min CHEN Chaokai YU Libing QI Ying-guo RUAN Changchong ZI Haohan GONG Guangjun HU Mengsheng ZHANG Xu ZHANG Shu PENG Hongbing LI Zhaotong company Yunnan Tobacco CompanyZhaotong 657000China Yunnan Yunye fertilizer Co. Ltd.Kunming 650217China Zhaotong Plant Protection and Inspection Station Zhaotong 657000China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve acidic soil and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves.[Methods]The effects of different microbial fertilizers on improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf quality were investigated through plot experiments.[Results]The application of microbial fertilizers could improve the pH value of acidic soil,and composite microbial agent A showed the best application *** application of bio-organic fertilizer was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available boron in acidic *** application of composite microbial agent A was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in acidic soil,and could promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of chemical components in tobacco *** application of composite microbial agent B led to a downward trend in the content of available boron in acidic *** application of composite microbial agent B could promote the absorption of nutrients by tobacco plants,and improve their disease resistance and the quality of tobacco *** to the differences in functional microorganisms contained,the application effects of different microbial fertilizers in improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and improving tobacco leaf quality ***,the application of microbial fertilizers could increase soil pH,activate soil nutrients,promote tobacco growth,enhance disease resistance,increase tobacco output value,and improve tobacco *** fertilizers have good application prospects in improving acidic soil and improving tobacco quality.[Conclusions]The application of microbial fertilizers to improve acidic tobacco-planting soil can ensure the normal growth and development of tobacco plants and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality,achieving high-quality and sustainable development of Zhaotong tobacco.

关键词： Microbial fertilizer Flue-cured tobacco Acidic soil Tobacco quality

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Influence of Soil Application of Micronized-Sulfur with Bentonite on Tomato Growth under Greenhouse Condition

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2016年第3期6卷 168-174页

作者： Hayriye Yildiz Dasgan Nazmi Cemaloglu Yelderem Akhoundnejad Gunce Akkuzu Dogan Mahmut Bayram Department of Horticulture Agricultural Faculty Cukurova University Adana 01330 Turkey Balkan Sulfur Fertilizer Limited Company Istanbu134956 Turkey GAP Agricultural Research Institute Sanliurfa 63040 Turkey

In this study, the influence of four different sulfur products applied to the soil on the organically grown greenhouse tomato was investigated. The sulfur treatments were：（1） micronized-sulfur with bentonite （MSB） alone （90% sulfur ＋ 10% bentonite）; （2） MSB ＋ Fe （87% sulfur ＋ 10% bentonite ＋ 3% Fe）; （3） MSB ＋ Zn （87% sulfur ＋ 10% bentonite ＋ 3% Zn）; （4） MSB ＋ Fe ＋ Zn （86% sulfur ＋ 10% bentonite ＋ 2% Fe ＋ 2% Zn） and （5） control without sulfur treatment. The effects of sulfur products on plant growth, total crop yield, some fruit quality parameters, Fe and Zn content of the leaves and soil, pH and electrical conductivity （EC） of soil, were investigated. Results showed that the effects of treatments on plant growth parameters and fruit quality properties were not significant. However, total fruit yield increased by about 14%, 21%, 15% and 27% in MSB, MSB ＋ Fe, MSB ＋ Zn and MSB ＋ Fe ＋ Zn, respectively, as compared with control. Leaves Fe and Zn content were increased in some sampling times in related treatments. Soil Fe content was not changed by the treatments, however Zn content was significantly increased by the MSB ＋ Zn and MSB ＋ Fe ＋ Zn applications. Soil pH was decreased by the all sulfur treatments in comparison to control; however the most important pH decrease was recorded as 0.28 units in MSB ＋ Fe ＋ Zn treatment. Soil EC values of the all sulfur treatments were higher than the control.

关键词： Organic greenhouse micronized-sulfur with bentonite Solanum lycopersicum soil pH Fe Zn.

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Recent Advances in Nutrient Sensing and Signaling

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1170-1172页

作者： Daniel P.Schachtman Monsanto company CC4N700 Chesterfield Pkwy WestChesterfieldMO 63017USA

Nutrient sensing and signaling is an important area of plant biological research because of the role of plant nutrition in crop production and the constraints that nutrient limita- tions put on plant growth and optimal yields. The increasing cost, the limited supplies, and the negative impacts of excess application of fertilizer on the environment have all led to more research into understanding how plants acquire, sense, and utilize nutrients. Approximately two and a half years ago, Molecular Plant published a special issue （March 2010） with a series of review articles and ori- ginal research papers on nutrient sensing and signaling. Many reviews have appeared and provide excellent sum- maries for research advances in this area （Ho and Tsay, 2010; Krouk et al., 2010a; Chiou and Lin, 2011; Gutierrez, 2012）. This highlight updates readers on some of the advances and emerging themes in this field of research since the special issue.

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Effects of Different Chemical fertilizer Reduction Techniques on Flue-cured Tobacco Production

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2023年第6期12卷 48-51,61页

作者： Longfeng GUI Lei XIA Jing YANG Wei YAN Yu ZHOU Yuzhong ZHOU Haohan GONG Mengsheng ZHANG Yeming FU Xianyi ZENG Xia NI Zhaotong company Yunnan Provincial Tobacco CompanyZhaotong 657000China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to find out the most suitable special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco production in tobacco-growing areas of Zhaotong City,so as to provide a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.[Methods]Different formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for tobacco were designed by optimizing and adjusting the application amounts and proportions of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and medium trace elements in fertilizer formulas,and the formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for flue-cured tobacco production were selected through a field plot experiment.[Results]The combination of special base fertilizer and special topdressing was conducive to the early growth and rapid growth of tobacco plants under the condition of reduced fertilizer application,and the treatment using organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the special base fertilizer was the most obvious,with an average growth period of two days *** with conventional fertilization,the yield,output value,average price,proportion of superior tobacco and proportion of medium and superior tobacco increased in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment,with the yield increasing by 5.96%,the output value increasing by 17.08%,the average price increasing by 10.49%,the proportion of superior tobacco increasing by 4.63%,and the proportion of medium and superior tobacco increasing by 2.44%.It was concluded from indexes including growth period,agronomic traits,disease incidence and economic traits,the fertilization mode of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the addition of trace elements(boron,magnesium and zinc)applied as the base fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium topdressing was most efficient and economic.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorg

关键词： fertilizer Flue-cured tobacco production Soil nutrient Economic character Quality of flue-cured tobacco Zhaotong

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Distribution of Crystal Organic fertilizer-N in Soil-plant System

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第9期1卷 1012-1016页

作者： LIU Yi-xin, HAN Yi-wang, WANG Yan-ting, HONG Li-fang XU Xi-min,TANG Shen, LIN Guan-ya and LIU Wu-ding(Department of Environmental Science , Institute of Earth and Space , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R . China Department of Tobacco Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230052 , P. R . China Department of Science , Technology and Education of Tobacco Monopoly Administration of China , Beijing 100052 , P. R . China Institute of Soil and fertilizer , Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science , Kunmin 650231 , P. R . China Sanmin Tobacco Branch company of Fujians , Sanmin 365010 , P. R . China Yongzhou Tobacco Branch company of Hunan , Yongzhou 425000 , P. R . China Sinan Tobacco company of Guizhou , Sinan 565100 , P. R . China Department of Resources , Environment and Agrochemistry , Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 , P.R.China) Department of Environmental Science Institute of Earth and Space University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R . China Department of Tobacco Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230052 P. R .China Department of Science Technology and Education of Tobacco Monopoly Administration of China Beijing 100052 P.R . China Institute of Soil and fertilizer Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science Kunmin 650231 P. R . China Sanmin Tobacco Branch company of Fujians Sanmin 365010 P. R . China Yongzhou Tobacco Branch company of Hunan Yongzhou425000 P. R . China Sinan Tobacco company of Guizhou Sinan 565100 P. R . China Department of Resources Environment and Agrochemistry Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P. R . China

The distribution of crystal organic fertilizer, urea and compound fertilizer-N in soil and plant system was researched with 15N-trace under tobacco pot experiment. The results showed that the leaf yield of tobacco used crystal organic fertilizer was 23.1% and 14.6% higher than that of urea and compound fertilizer treatments respectively. Compound fertilizer also resulted in higher yield of 8.5 % comparing with the urea treatment. Nitrogen content of the plant from the crystal organic fertilizer treatment was 138. 6% and 145.7% as high as that of the compound fertilizer and urea treatments respectively. The absorbed N from the organic fertilizer was 25.1% and 27.9% more than that from the compound fertilizer and urea respectively. However, the absorbed N from the soil with the organic fertilizer was 47.4% and 58.3% more than that with compound fertilizer and urea respectively. The N use efficiency of the organic fertilizer was 9.4% and 10.1% higher than that of the compound fertilizer and urea. It indicated that the crystal organic fertilizer not only had high N use efficiency, but also stimulated tobacco taking up more N from soil.

关键词： Tobacco Crystal organic fertilizer-N Soil-plant system

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Effects of Organic fertilizers on Tobacco Growth and Heavy Metal Contents in Flue-cured Tobacco

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2019年第2期8卷 137-141页

作者： Yunfei CHEN Lin LIN Jiye QIANG Institute of Agricultural and Garden Technology Pu'er university Yunnan Provincial Tobacco company Yuxi City company

Pb, Cd and As are main heavy metal elements in tobacco leaves in China. Through the application of organic fertilizers in the tobacco area of Pu'er City, the effects on tobacco growth and heavy metal contents were investigated. The results showed that the tobacco plants in the treatments applied with organic fertilizers as the base fertilizer grew at a lower rate and had relatively smaller stem girth and leaf number than the treatment applied with the compound fertilizer special for tobacco in early growth period, and the differences between various treatments were not significant. After applying the organic fertilizers, they had a positive effect in reducing heavy metal contents of flue-cured tobacco, and the effect of applying oil cake was better, followed by the treatment of chicken manure plus oil cake. The sole application of chicken manure had a certain effect on the control of Hg, As and Pb, but the Cd content increased. For the areas with high heavy metal levels, the selection of appropriate organic fertilizers has a practical significance to the reduction of heavy metal contents in tobacco leaves.

关键词： Flue-cured tobacco Organic fertilizer Heavy metals Health

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Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical fertilizer by Bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian on Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

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Asian Agricultural Research 2020年第3期12卷 42-46页

作者： Folin LI Bingbing LU Lina YANG Ronghui YANG Facong QIAN Xingyang XU Jie LI Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China Kunming Branch company of Yunnan Tobacco company Kunming 650051 China

To explore the application effect of bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian in flue-cured tobacco and provide scientific basis for its application in production,a plot trial was conducted with K326,a flue-cured tobacco variety,in the Science and Technology Test Base of Xundian County,*** local fertilizer consumption(control 1)and 70%local fertilizer consumption(control 2)as controls,the following replacement groups were designed:under uniformly replacement 70%local fertilizer consumption,(i)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg),+600 kg/ha,+900 kg/ha,+1200 kg/ha,+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian;(ii)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=40∶1(kg),+900 kg/ha *** results show that in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1200 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],the comprehensive performance of flue-cured tobacco was significantly better than that in the control groups,the yield of tobacco leaves reached 2237.1 kg/ha,the output value was 45505.2 yuan/ha,and the average price of the tobacco leaves was 20.53 yuan/*** performance of flue-cured tobacco in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian ranked *** performance of other fertilization treatments was not good,but it did not differ significantly from that of control *** terms of chemical composition of tobacco leaves,partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian,was beneficial to increase the sugar content and reduce the nicotine and total nitrogen contents in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+900 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],and it was also beneficial to increase the chlorine content in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].Therefore,it is feasible to use the bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian to replace 30%of chemical fertilizer in toba

关键词： Kunyijian Bio-organic fertilizer Alternative chemical fertilizer Yield and quality

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