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Spectral reflectance response to nitrogen fertilization in field grown corn

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第4期11卷 118-126页

作者： Chuanqi Xie Ce Yang Alexander Hummel Jr Gregg A Johnson Forrest T Izuno Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108United States farm nutrients inc. 4949 Hwy 71RembrandtIA 50576United States Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108United States Southern Research and Outreach Center University of MinnesotaWasecaMN 56093United States

This study was carried out to analyze the spectral reflectance response of different nitrogen levels for corn *** different nitrogen treatments of 0%,80%,100%and 120%BMP(best management practice)were *** component analysis-loading(PCA-loading)was used to identify the effective *** least squares(PLS)and multiple linear regression(MLR)models were built to predict different nitrogen *** indices(VIs)were calculated and then used to build more prediction *** full and selected wavelengths-based models showed similar prediction *** overall PLS model obtained the coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.6535 with a root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.2681 in the prediction *** selected wavelengths for overall MLR model obtained the R^(2) of 0.6735 and RMSE of 0.3457 in the prediction *** results showed that the wavelengths in visible and near infrared region(350-1000 nm)performed better than the two either spectral regions(1001-1350/1425-1800 nm and 2000-2400 nm).For each data set,the wavelengths around 555 nm and 730 nm were identified to be the most important to predict nitrogen *** vogelmann red edge index 2(VOG 2)performed the best among all *** demonstrated that spectral reflectance has the potential to be used for analyzing nitrogen response in corn.

关键词： spectrum effective wavelengths princ.pal component analysis-loading(PCA-loading) prediction vegetation indices(VIs) corn

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Grid Integration of Wind Generation Considering Remote Wind farms:Hybrid Markovian and Interval Unit Commitment

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2017年第2期4卷 205-215页

作者： Bing Yan Haipei Fan Peter B.Luh Khosrow Moslehi Xiaoming Feng Chien Ning Yu Mikhail A.Bragin Yaowen Yu IEEE Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Connecticut University of Connecticut ABB inc. ABB Enterprise Software

Grid integration of wind power is essential to reduce fossil fuel usage but challenging in view of the intermittent nature of ***,we developed a hybrid Markovian and interval approach for the unit commitment and economic dispatch problem where power generation of conventional units is linked to local wind states to dampen the effects of wind ***,to reduce complexity,extreme and expected states are considered as interval *** this approach is effective,the fact that major wind farms are often located in remote locations and not accompanied by conventional units leads to conservative ***,weights of extreme and expected states in the objective function are difficult to tune,resulting in significant differences between optimization and simulation *** this paper,each remote wind farm is paired with a conventional unit to dampen the effects of wind uncertainties without using expensive utility-scaled battery storage,and extra constraints are innovatively established to model ***,proper weights are derived through a novel quadratic fit of cost *** problem is solved by using a creative integration of our recent surrogate Lagrangian relaxation and *** demonstrate modeling accuracy,computational efficiency,and significant reduction of conservativeness of the previous approach.

关键词： Branch-and-cut interval optimization Markov decision process remote wind farms surrogate Lagrangian relaxation(SLR) unit commitment

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Impacts of weaning age on dietary needs of whey permeate for pigs at 7 to 11 kg body weight

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 593-600页

作者： Ki Beom Jang Marcos Elias Duarte Jerry M.Purvis Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA N.G.Purvis farm inc RobbinsNC 27325USA.

Background:Whey permeate is an effective lactose source for nursery pigs and the most benefits are obtained when pigs are at 7 to 11 kg *** weaning ages could cause different length of early-weaner phases until 7 kg BW and thus it would influence the dietary need of whey permeate during 7 to 11 kg BW of *** study aimed to evaluate if weaning ages would affect the dietary needs of whey permeate for optimum growth performance of pigs at 7 to 11 kg ***:A total of 1,632 pigs were weaned at d 21(d 21.2±1.3)or d 25(d 24.6±1.1)after *** pigs had a common early-weaner feeds until they reached 7 kg *** pigs reached 7 kg BW within a weaning age group,they were allotted in a randomized complete block design(2×4 factorial).Two factors were weaning age groups(21 and 25 d of age)and varying whey permeate levels(7.50%,11.25%,15.00%,and 18.75%).Data were analyzed using the GLM and NLIN procedures of SAS for slope-ratio and broken-line analyses to determine the growth response to whey permeate and optimal daily whey permeate intake for the growth of the pigs weaned at different ***:Pigs weaned at 21 d of age had a common diet for 11 d to reach 7 kg BW whereas pigs weaned at 25 d of age needed 2 *** G:F of pigs weaned at 25 d of age responded to inc.eased daily whey permeate intake greater(P<0.05)than pigs weaned at 21 d of *** were obtained(P<0.05)at 88 and 60 g/d daily whey permeate intake or 17.0%and 14.4%of whey permeate for G:F of pigs weaned at 21 and 25 d of age,***:Pigs weaned at an older age with a short early-weaner phase had a greater growth response to whey permeate intake compared with pigs weaned at a younger age with a long early-weaner *** weaning ages affected dietary needs of whey permeate for optimum growth performance of pigs from 7 to 11 kg BW.

关键词： Growth performance Nursery pigs Weaning age Whey permeate

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Replacement of Forage Fiber Sources with Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles and Corn Germ Meal in Holstein Calf Diets

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第8期13卷 1753-1758页

作者： XU Jun HOU Yu-jie ZHAO Guo-qi YU Ai-bing SU Yan-jing HUO Yong-jiu ZHU Jian-ming College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Dairy farm of Yangzhou University

This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources（NFFS） from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ meal on calves growth, rumen development and blood parameters. 48 female and 12 male calves（（110.55±15.36） kg of body weight and 12 wk of age） were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments（15 calves/treatment） in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were： 0% NFFS（control）, 9% NFFS（group 1）, 18% NFFS（group 2）, 27% NFFS（group 3）, and contained equivalent neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, respectively. The dry matter intake was similar among diets, averaging 3.33 kg d-1, and no differences were detected for body weight, withers height, body length and heart girth. In addition, the development of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum also were similar among diets. Dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities inc.eased with the inc.easing levels of NFFS in the experimental diets, but had no significant effect. Blood urea nitrogen, total protein and glubulin were not affected by the dietary treatment, but group 3 resulted in the highest（P〈0.05） concentrations of glucose and the lowest（P〈0.05） concentrations of triglycerides and albumin. In conclusion, dried distillers grains with solubles（DDGS） and corn germ meal（CGM） were available and alternative fiber sources for Holstein calf diets.

关键词： neutral detergent fiber dried distillers grains with solubles corn germ meal nonforage fiber sources

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Bovine immunoglobulin protein isolates for the nutritional management of enteropathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11713-11726页

作者： Bryon W Petschow Anthony T Blikslager Eric M Weaver Joy M Campbell Javier Polo Audrey L Shaw Bruce P Burnett Gerald L Klein J Marc Rhoads Entera Health Inc. NC 27518 United States College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 United States APC Inc. Ankeny IA 50021 United States APC Europe S.A. Barcelona E-08403 Spain University of Texas Health Sciences Center Houston TX 77030 United States

The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for a multitude of digestive and immune functions which depend upon the balanced interaction of the intestinal microbiota, diet, gut barrier function, and mucosal immune response. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to intestinal disorders or enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation, inc.eased gut permeability, and reduced capacity to absorb nutrients. Enteropathy is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune enteropathy, radiation enteritis, and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), where pathologic changes in the intestinal tract lead to abdominal discomfort, bloating, abnormal bowel function(e.g., diarrhea, urgency, constipation and malabsorption). Unfortunately, effective therapies for the management ofenteropathy and restoring intestinal health are still not available. An accumulating body of preclinical studies has demonstrated that oral administration of plasmaor serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animal models. Recent studies in humans, using serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate, demonstrate that such protein preparations are safe and improve symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy. Benefits have been shown in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant IBS. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies with plasma/serum protein concentrates and describes the effects on host nutrition, intestinal function, and markers of intestinal inflammation. It supports the concept that immunoglobulin-containing protein preparations may offer a new strategy for restoring functional homeostasis in the intestinal tract of patients with enteropathy.

关键词： Immunoglobulins Plasma proteins Inflammation Gut barrier Diarrhea Malabsorption Treatment Nutrition

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Variation of soil fertility and carbon sequestration by planting Hevea brasiliensis in Hainan Island, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第3期19卷 348-352页

作者： CHENG Chun-man WANG Ru-song JIANG Ju-sheng Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Research and Development Center of Hainan State farm Bureau Haikou 570212 China

The development of rubber industry depends on the sustainable management of rubber plantation. To evaluate the environmental effects of planting Hevea brasiliensis on a subsystem of tropical forest ecosystem, the variation of soil fertility and carbon sequestration under rubber plantation within 30-year life period were investigated in Hainan Island. Results showed that （1） with the inc.ease of stand age of rubber plantation, soil fertility decreased all along. From 1954 to 1995, soil organic matter, total N, available K and available P decreased by 48.2%, 54.1%, 56.7% and 64.1%, respectively. （2） If the complete return of litters was considered without additional fertilizer application to the soil of the rubber plantations, the consumption periods for P, N, K, Mg were only 825 years, 329 years, 94 years and 65 years, respectively~ To improve soil fertility is essential for rubber plantation development. （3） The C sequestration of rubber trees per hectare accounts for 272.08 t within 30-year life period and 57.91% of them was fixed in litters. In comparison with C sequestration by rain forest （234.305 t/hm^2） and by secondary rain forest （150.203 t/hm^2）, rubber forest has more potentials for C fixation. On the base of above results, the following measures would benefit the maintenance of soil fertility and the development of rubber industry, inc.uding applying fertilizer to maintain the balance of soil nutrients, intercropping leguminous plant to improve soil fertility, reducing the collection of litters, optimizing soil properties to improve element P availability such as applying CaCO3. The information gathered from the study can be used as baseline data for the sustainable management of rubber plantation elsewhere.

关键词： soil fertility carbon sequestration rubber plantation Hainan Island

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DNA Markers for Selection of Late Blight Resistant Potato Breeding Lines

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第6期8卷 1197-1209页

作者： Shaohua Chen Tudor Borza Bohyun Byun Robert Coffin Joyce Coffin Rick Peters Gefu Wang-Pruski Department of Plant Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro Canada Privar farm inc. North Wiltshire Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Charlottetown Research and Development Centre Charlottetown Canada Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China

Potato late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases in the agricultural sector around the world. Many genes (R genes) conferring resistance to late blight have been identified in various potato species and most of these R genes have been used in potato breeding. The aim of this study was to develop and validate PCR-based assays for the R genes Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2, Rpi-blb3 and Rpi-bt1, to distinguish between late blight resistant and late blight susceptible potato progeny in the given breeding background. A total of 100 breeding progeny were screened for the presence of these R genes and tested for resistance against P. infestans mating type A2, genotype US-8 strain, using detached leaf and tuber rot assays. PCR products for the Rpi-blb1 and Rpi-bt1 resistance genes were identified in the resistant progeny but were absent in the susceptible ones;therefore these PCR assays could differentiate between late blight resistant and susceptible plants. Genotypic data from the DNA markers derived from the Rpi-blb1 and Rpi-bt1 genes was found to correlate with the phenotypic data for foliar late blight but not with data for tuber rot. Our results demonstrate that markers derived from these two R genes could be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) for foliar late blight resistance in potato breeding programs.

关键词： Late Blight Phytophthora infestans Resistance R genes DNA Markers

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Emerging industrial applications of microalgae:challenges and future perspectives

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2021年第4期1卷 411-431页

作者： Aswathy Udayan Ashutosh Kumar Pandey Pooja Sharma Nidhin Sreekumar Sunil Kumar CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(CSIR-NEERI) Nehru MargNagpurMaharashtra 440020India Accubits Invent Accubits Technologies Inc.ThiruvananthapuramKerala 695004India

Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms that have been recently attracted potential interests and have applications in food,nutraceuticals,pharmaceuticals,animal feed,cosmetics,and biofertilizers *** are rich in a variety of high-value bioactive compounds which have potential benefits on human health and can be used for the prevention and curing of many disease *** scale-up and safety issues remain a major challenge in the commercialization of microalgal products in a cost-effective ***,techniques have been developed to overcome these challenges and successfully selling the products derived from microalgae as food,cosmetics and pharmaceutical *** are rich in many nutrients and can be used for the production of functional food and nutraceuticals,safety and regulatory issues are major concerns and extensive research is still needed to make microalgae a commercial success in the *** practical difficulties are involved in making the microalgal food industry commercially *** present review focuses on the industrial applications of microalgae and the challenges faced during commercial production.

关键词： Microalgae Functional foods Nutraceuticals Pharmaceuticals Cosmetics

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Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)by fungal enzymes:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第1期29卷 52-74页

作者： Tayssir Kadri Tarek Rouissi Satinder Kaur Brar Maximiliano Cledon Saurabhjyoti Sarma Mausam Verma INRS-ETE Universite du Quebec490 Rue de la CouronneQuebecQC G1K 9A9Canada CO2 Solutions inc. 2300rue Jean-PerrinQuebecQC G2C 1T9Canada

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） are a large group of *** represent an important concern due to their widespread distribution in the environment,their resistance to biodegradation,their potential to bioaccumulate and their harmful *** pilot treatments have been implemented to prevent economic consequences and deterioration of soil and water *** a promising option,fungal enzymes are regarded as a powerful choice for degradation of *** chrysosporium,Pleurotus ostreatus and Bjerkandera adusta are most commonly used for the degradation of such compounds due to their production of ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxidase,manganese peroxidase and *** rate of biodegradation depends on many culture conditions,such as temperature,oxygen,accessibility of nutrients and agitated or shallow ***,the addition of biosurfactants can strongly modify the enzyme *** removal of PAHs is dependent on the ionization *** study of the kinetics is not completely comprehended,and it becomes more challenging when fungi are applied for *** studies in soil are much more complicated than liquid cultures because of the heterogeneity of soil,thus,many factors should be considered when studying soil bioremediation,such as desorption and bioavailability of *** degradation pathways can be *** peroxidases are heme-containing enzymes having common catalytic *** molecule of hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the resting enzyme withdrawing two ***,the peroxidase is reduced back in two steps of one electron *** are copper-containing *** reduce molecular oxygen to water and oxidize phenolic compounds.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Biodegradation Fungi Enzymes

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Certain Grain Food Patterns Are Associated with Improved 2015 Dietary Guidelines Shortfall Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Lower Body Weight in US Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第9期7卷 772-781页

作者： Yanni Papanikolaou Victor L. Fulgoni III Nutritional Strategies inc. Paris ON Canada Nutrition Impact LLC Battle Creek MI USA

Objective: The goal of this study was to identify commonly consumed grain food patterns in US adults (≥19 years old;N = 14,384) and compare nutrient intakes, with focus on 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nutrients, diet quality, and health parameters of those consuming various grain food patterns to those not consuming grains. Methods: This study conducted secondary analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010. Cluster analysis was used and identified 8 grain patterns: 1) no consumption of main grain groups, 2) crackers and salty snacks, 3) yeast breads and rolls, 4) cakes, cookies, and pies, 5) cereals, 6) pasta, cooked cereals and rice, 7) quick breads, and 8) mixed grains. Results: Adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice”, and “mixed grains” had a better diet quality compared to no grains. Consuming many, but not all, of the grain food patterns resulted in less saturated fat and lower added sugars. Adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” and “quick breads” had greater dietary fiber intake vs. no grains group. Calcium intake was inc.eased in the cereals group, while magnesium intake was greater in adults consuming “cereals” and “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” vs. no grains. Vitamin D (D2 + D3) intake was higher in adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice”, and “mixed grains” vs. no grain group. Adults consuming “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” had lower body weights (79.1 ± 0.7 vs. 82.5 ± 1.2 kg;P = 0.009) and waist circumference (95.2 ± 0.6 vs. 98.2 ± 1.0 cm;P = 0.004) in comparison to those consuming no grains. Conclusions: Certain grain food patterns are associated with greater 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nutrients, better diet quality and lower body weights in adults. Additionally, certain grain food patterns are associated with lower intake of nutrients to limit, inc.uding saturated fat and added sugars.

关键词： NHANES Grain Food Patterns Nutrient Intakes Diet Quality Body Weight

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