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Nitrogen addition promotes soil carbon accumulation globally

Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 284-293页

作者： Xuemei Yang Suhui Ma Erhan Huang Danhua Zhang Guoping Chen Jiangling Zhu Chengjun Ji Biao Zhu Lingli Liu Jingyun Fang institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Soil is the largest carbon(C) reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in regulating the global C cycle and climate *** nitrogen(N) deposition has been widely considered as a critical factor affecting soil organic carbon(SOC) storage, but its effect on SOC components with different stability remains unclear. Here, we analyzed extensive empirical data from 304 sites worldwide to investigate how SOC and its components respond to N addition. Our analysis showed that N addition led to a significant increase in bulk SOC(6.7%), with greater increases in croplands(10.6%) and forests(6.0%) compared to grasslands(2.1%). Regarding SOC components, N addition promoted the accumulation of plant-derived C(9.7%–28.5%) over microbial-derived C(0.2%), as well as labile(5.7%) over recalcitrant components(–1.2%), resulting in a shift towards increased accumulation of plant-derived labile C. Consistently, N addition led to a greater increase in particulate organic C(11.9%) than mineral-associated organic C(3.6%), suggesting that N addition promotes C accumulation across all pools, with more increase in unstable than stable pools. The responses of SOC and its components were best predicted by the N addition rate and net primary productivity. Overall, our findings suggest that N enrichment could promote the accumulation of plant-derived and non-mineral associated C and a subsequent decrease in the overall stability of soil C pool, which underscores the importance of considering the effects of N enrichment on SOC components for a better understanding of C dynamics in soils.

关键词： meta-analysis nitrogen enrichment soil organic carbon carbon accumulation carbon stability

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Dip2a regulates stress susceptibility in the basolateral amygdala

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1735-1748页

作者： Jing Li Zixuan He Weitai Chai Meng Tian Huali Yu Xiaoxiao He Xiaojuan Zhu Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of education Institute of Genetics and CytologyNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Dysregulation of neurotransmitter metabolism in the central nervous system contributes to mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post–traumatic stress disorder. Monoamines and amino acids are important types of neurotransmitters. Our previous results have shown that disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A(Dip2a) knockout mice exhibit brain development disorders and abnormal amino acid metabolism in serum. This suggests that DIP2A is involved in the metabolism of amino acid–associated neurotransmitters. Therefore, we performed targeted neurotransmitter metabolomics analysis and found that Dip2a deficiency caused abnormal metabolism of tryptophan and thyroxine in the basolateral amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. In addition, acute restraint stress induced a decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine in the basolateral amygdala. Additionally, Dip2a was abundantly expressed in excitatory neurons of the basolateral amygdala, and deletion of Dip2a in these neurons resulted in hopelessness-like behavior in the tail suspension test. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that DIP2A in the basolateral amygdala may be involved in the regulation of stress susceptibility. This provides critical evidence implicating a role of DIP2A in affective disorders.

关键词： 5-hydroxytryptamine acute restraint stress basolateral amygdala CaMKII neurons DIP2A metabolomics neurotransmitters principal component analysis stress susceptibility tryptophan

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Buried interface bridging for inverted cesium-formamidinium triiodide perovskite solar cells with long operational stability

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 163-173页

作者： Chenhui Zhang Chunjun Liang Fulin Sun Ting Zhu Xinghai Huang Yuzhu Guo Xinyu Guo Kunyang Ge Dan Li Fangtian You Zhiqun He Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information Ministry of Education Institute of Optoelectronic TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong University Department of Physics School of Physical Science and Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University

In the field of perovskite solar cells(PSCs), the research on defects in the buried interface has been relatively limited due to its non-exposure; however, this interface significantly impacts the performance enhancement of inverted PSCs. This study employs phenylethylammonium chloride(PEACl) molecules as a buffer layer to modify the buried interface of p-i-n structured PSCs,aiming to enhance the uniformity of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs) and facilitate the uniform nucleation and growth of perovskite films on the substrate. Furthermore, the introduction of the PEACl buffer layer effectively passivates defects at the bottom of the perovskite layer and notably enhances the crystal quality of the perovskite film by mitigating residual stress,thereby reducing nonradiative recombination loss. Following these optimizations, the MA-free PSCs treated with PEACl achieve a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 24.11%, with significant improvements in storage, thermal stability, and operational stability. Particularly noteworthy is the device's performance in an unencapsulated state, whereas after 1,500 hours of continuous light operation stability testing, it retains 97% of its original efficiency. This study not only enriches the systematic understanding of the characteristics of the buried interface in PSCs but also contributes significantly to advancing the commercial production of perovskite photovoltaic technology.

关键词： defect-induced recombination buried interfaces inverted perovskite solar cells crystallization lattice mismatch

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MoS2 synaptic transistor with one-step manufacture

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 357-365页

作者： Yihao GUO Yang WANG Wenjie DENG Yi WU Jingtao LI Kexin LI Yuehui ZHAO Songlin YU Xiaoting WANG Yongzhe ZHANG Hui YAN Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology of education Ministry of China Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of Technology The 11th Research institute of Electronics Technology Group Corporation

The synaptic transistor,which is a neuromorphic device with brain-like functions,has garnered significant attention due to characteristics such as low energy consumption,high integration,multiple functions,and high computational ***,the current synaptic transistor possesses a complicated structure and involves complex manufacturing steps,which is not conducive to low-cost,large-scale bionic ***,we introduce a simple MoS2synaptic transistor exhibiting robust synaptic *** transistor utilizes magnetron sputtering manufacture to combine the process of device metal electrode deposition and the introduction of defect states,which helps streamline the manufacturing process into a single *** long-term potentiation and long-term depression in photoelectric coordination are initially ***,biological functions,such as double pulse facilitation and the transformation behavior of short-term memory to long-term memory,are thoroughly evaluated,along with learning-forgetting-relearning ***,the device exhibits robust synaptic plasticity until incident light angles down to 30° to imitate the multi-to-one axon-cellular ***,a classical simulation of Pavlov's dog conditioned reflex is demonstrated along with the multiview extraction *** experimental results demonstrate a promising synaptic transistor with a simple structure,manufacturing technique,and excellent *** further indicates the potential for large-scale integration of bionic neuromorphic systems.

关键词： process optimization artificial synaptic device one-stepmanufacture synaptic plasticity bionic simulation

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Identifying the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complex precatalysts during electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 226-233页

作者： Jingfang Zhang Danyang Wu Linke Cai Youluan Lu Fanpeng Cheng Lijuan Shi Qun Yi Yao Liu Yi Huang Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of education Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of education Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Central China Normal University College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University

Transition metal-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction（OER）. Considerable research efforts have shown that self-reconstruction occurs on these nanomaterials under operating conditions of OER process. However, most of them undergo incomplete reconstruction with limited thickness of reconstruction layer, leading to low component utilization and arduous exploration of real catalytic mechanism. Herein, we identify the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complexes during OER. The hollow phytic acid（PA） cross-linked CoFe-based complex nanoboxes with porous nanowalls are designed because of their good electrolyte penetration and mass transport ability, in favor of the fast and complete reconstruction. A series of experiment characterizations demonstrate that the reconstruction process includes the fast substitution of PA by OH-to form Co（Fe）(OH)xand subsequent potential-driven oxidation to Co（Fe）OOH. The obtained CoFeOOH delivers a low overpotential of 290 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2and a long-term *** experiment results together with theory calculations reveal that the Fe incorporation can result in the electron rearrangement of reconstructed CoFeOOH and optimization of their electronic structure,accounting for the enhanced OER activity. The work provides new insights into complete reconstruction of metal-based complexes during OER and offers guidelines for rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction

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Experimental Study on Diesel Spray and Flame Asymmetry Characteristics of Dual-Orifice Nozzles for a Medium-Speed Engine

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 303-322页

作者： JU Dehao LIU Rui ZHENG Liang DENG Jiahui ZHANG Wenzheng HUO Jinlu HUANG Li Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research institute National Key Laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University

The asymmetry of the multi-orifice spray will cause uneven heat load of the marine diesel engine,thereby affecting its working performance and service ***,an in-depth understanding of the spray and flame characteristics of multi-orifice nozzles will guide the optimization of the nozzle structure,needle design and diesel atomization and combustion *** this reason,four groups of dual-orifice nozzles with different hole diameters(0.1-0.55 mm) and mass flow rates covering the typical marine medium-speed diesel injections are designed and customized,and the constant volume chamber(CVC) with high temperature and pressure is used to simulate the actual in-cylinder working conditions of the diesel engine for the spray visualization *** study the asymmetry of the fuel sprays discharged from a diesel injector,the multi-orifice nozzle is simplified as a dual-orifice nozzle in this *** with X-ray Computed Tomography(CT) imaging technology,the influences of the nozzle internal structure on the spray and flame asymmetry are studied in the constructed supercritical *** is found that the asymmetry of the inlet angle and the equivalent length-diameter ratio is positively correlated with the inconsistency of the dual *** an increase in the injection pressure and nozzle diameter,the asymmetry of the dual spray becomes more pronounced,resulting in greater disparities in the ignition delay times and ignition positions of the two ***,the increase in nozzle diameter also leads to combustion instability,resulting in a flame with a serrated *** the increase of ambient temperature,the proportion of liquid phase in the jet decreases and the relative density of spray front decreases.

关键词： atomization dual-orifice nozzle nozzle structure spray flame asymmetry

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Exploring the potential of extrachromosomal DNA as a novel oncogenic driver

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 144-157页

作者： Huanbo Zhu Longtao Huangfu Junbing Chen Jiafu Ji Xiaofang Xing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of education/Beijing) Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation Liver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan University Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational ResearchDivision of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute

Extrachromosomal DNA(ecDNA) is a form of circular DNA mostly found in tumor cells. Unlike the typical chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is circular, self-replicating, and carries complete or partial gene fragments. Although ecDNA occurrence remains a rare event in cancer, recent studies have shown that oncogene amplification on ecDNA is widespread throughout many types of cancer, implying that ecDNA plays a central role in accelerating tumor evolution. ecDNA has also been associated with increased tumor mutation burden, chromosomal instability, and even tumor microenvironment remodeling. ecDNA may be crucial in influencing tumor heterogeneity, drug sensitivity,oncogenic senescence, and tumor immunogenicity, leading to a worsening prognosis for tumor patients. In this way, several clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the importance of ecDNA in clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, characteristics, and current research methods of ecDNA, discuss the vital role of ecDNA-caused tumor heterogeneity in cancers, and highlight the potential role of ecDNA in cancer therapy.

关键词： extrachromosomal DNA cancer therapy tumor heterogeneity drug resistance tumor evolution

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Numerical Simulation of Radiation Transport to Improve Microalgae Cultivation in an Air-Lift Photobioreactor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 62-76页

作者： ZHANG Xianbin LI Mingjia HUNG Tzuchen ZHANG Zixun Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of education School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Taipei University of Technology

A comprehensive numerical model is developed to simulate the growth of microalgae under light/dark cycling *** purpose of this study is to predict the growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in photobioreactors(PBRs) in order to improve the light conditions for microalgae and enhance the photosynthetic *** fluid dynamics(CFD) is used to simulate its internal hydrodynamic *** Lagrangian method is employed to track the movement of microalgae *** radiative transfer equation(RTE)is used to obtain light intensity *** combination of light radiation field and microalgae cell motions is used to construct the light history and they are integrated into the model of the photosynthetic units(PSU) to calculate the microalgae growth *** numerical results demonstrate that enhanced light/dark cycling frequency with ordered mixing can promote efficient microalgae *** effect of the vortex flow field generated by the baffles in an air-lift PBR is analyzed for increasing microalgae growth *** using the 1:1 baffle spacing,the biomass production of microalgae is increased by 41.8% compared to the original PBR.

关键词： light distribution particle tracking photobioreactor structure optimization

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Gamma oscillations and their role in orchestrating balance and communication following stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 477-478页

作者： Montana Samantzis Cong Wang Matilde Balbi Queensland Brain institute The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Engineering Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina

Induced brain oscillations in the gamma range have recently garnered attention due to their reported neuroprotective effects in the treatment of Alzheimer’s *** method differs from pharmacological approaches by tapping into the neuronal population dynamics that underlie the homeostatic processes in the brain that are crucial for the recovery of ***,induced gamma-range oscillations have been used to improve cerebral blood flow,motor function,and synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of focal stroke,highlighting the broad potential of recruiting intrinsic recovery processes for the treatment of neurological *** open questions,such as the frequency specificity of the benefits,will shed light on the intrinsic processes involved and allow clinicians to optimize recovery after stroke.

关键词： protective specificity Alzheimer

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Unraveling post-growth mechanisms of monolayer CsPbBr3 nanocubes:Laser-enhanced transformations and cathodoluminescence-electron microscopy correlations

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 146-156页

作者： Mingxing Li Xiaoge Wang Xiaofan Cao Zhiqun He Chunjun Liang Mingxing Chen Jing Ju Fangtian You Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information Ministry of Education Institute of Optoelectronic Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University

Lead-halide perovskite nanoparticles（LHP NPs） are highly promising materials for next-generation displays and solid-state lighting due to their exceptional optical properties. However, their inherent instability presents a significant challenge. Recent advances have demonstrated that optoelectronic devices based on monolayer nanoparticle films exhibit both high luminescence efficiency and long-term *** research demonstrates that mobility limitations and anisotropic alignments in CsPbBr3nanocube monolayer films are key to their stabilization, hindering spontaneous growth through face-to-face fusion and resulting in the formation of connecting necks in a diagonal direction. Introducing laser irradiation confirmed this by significantly accelerating nanocubes growth, increasing mobility, and enhancing local structural ordering, leading to larger and more regularly shaped nanosheets. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy line-scan analyses indicated that laser irradiation did not disrupt the ligand structure. Transmission electron microscopy and correlative cathodoluminescence electron microscopy revealed the effects of post-growth and heterogeneous structures, including enhanced luminescence and inhomogeneous intensity in the nanosheets. These findings deepen the understanding of the post-growth mechanism of monolayer nanoparticles and the structure-emission correlation and highlight the unique role of laser irradiation in directing the formation of well-defined and regular nanostructures.

关键词： Energy dispersive spectroscopy

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