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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 495-502页

作者：张黎博董庆新白建利刘乔宇程靖雯李存东刘品宇孙英睿黄宇任治安陈根富 Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

We synthesize high-quality single crystal of CeGaSi by a Ga self-flux method and investigate its physical properties through magnetic susceptibility,specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements as well as high pressure *** measurements reveal that an antiferromagnetic order develops below T_(m)~10.4 K with magnetic moments orientated in the ab *** enhanced electronic specific heat coefficient and the negative logarithmic slope in the resistivity of CeGaSi indicate that the title compound belongs to the family of Kondo system with heavy fermion ground *** max magnetic entropy change-ΔS_(M)^(max)(μ_(0)H⊥c,μ_(0)H=7 T) around T_(m) is found to reach up to 11.85 J·kg^(-1)·K^(-1).Remarkably,both the antiferromagnetic transition temperature and-ln T behavior increase monotonically with pressure applied to 20 kbar(1 bar=10~5 Pa),indicating that much higher pressure will be needed to reach its quantum critical point.

关键词： heavy fermion antiferromagnetic order magnetocaloric effect

Community Caregivers’ Experiences and Programmatic Strategies to Improve Active Case Finding in Community Tuberculosis Care in Botswana 2016-2021

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第2期12卷 105-118页

作者： Unami Modongo-Mathebula Mary Moleki Tefera Agizew Faculty of Health sciences University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa Department of family Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Background: The community tuberculosis care program was started to reduce the impact of TB and increase successful treatment outcomes, thus contributing to meeting WHO targets on TB. According to the Botswana Ministry of Health, community tuberculosis care was introduced with the main goal of reducing tuberculosis-related morbidity and mortality among communities through the expansion of direct observed therapy and community involvement to community settings. The community caregivers were to support tuberculosis patients throughout their treatment period until they were cured or had completed their treatment. Settings: Two major cities of Botswana, Francistown and Gaborone, with more than twenty-two health clinics offering tuberculosis care. Objective: To investigate community caregivers’ experiences and identify programmatic strategies to improve active TB case findings under the community TB care (CTBC) program in Botswana during 2016-2021. Methods: We adopted a descriptive qualitative research design, followed by convenience purposive sampling. We obtained consent and interviewed 40 participants who met the inclusion criteria, 16 out of 73 in Gaborone and 24 out of 38 from Francistown. Results: We interviewed 40 caregivers with a mean age of 43.4 years. Accepting the caregiving role was identified as the main experience by more than two thirds of the caregivers. While at least more than two-fifth felt obligated to care for the patient at home due to personal relations. More than half of the respondents found caregiving difficult or frustrating due to some challenges encountered during the caregiving role. Behavioral modifications were suggested under different subthemes as strategies to improve active case finding. [-rId13-]Conclusion: Acceptance was the major experience in CTBC. Intensification of known programmatic strategies was suggested by caregivers to improve tuberculosis active case finding in CTBC.

关键词： Community Experiences Caregivers Active Case Finding Tuberculosis Community Tuberculosis Care

Decoupling of Rattling Mode and Superconductivity in Filled-Skutterudite Ba_(x)Ir_(4)Sb_(12)

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第7期41卷 132-139页

作者：刘辉于同旭张志华应天平 School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Jiaotong UniversityDalian 116028China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Suzhou Laboratory Suzhou 215123China

The rattling mode,an anharmonic vibrational phonon,is widely recognized as a critical factor in the emergence of superconductivity in caged ***,we present a counterexample in a filled-skutterudite superconductor Ba_(x)Ir_(4)Sb_(12)(x=0.8,0.9,1.0),synthesized via a high-pressure *** measurements down to liquid 3He temperatures reveal a transition temperature(T_(c))of 1.2 K and an upper critical field(H_(c2))of 1.3 *** other superconductors with caged structures,the Ba_(x)Ir_(4)Sb_(12)(X=P,As,Sb)family exhibits a monotonic decreasing T_(c) with the enhancement of the rattling mode,as indicated by fitting the Bloch–Grüneisen *** analysis suggests that electron doping from Ba transforms the direct bandgap IrSb3 into a metal,with the Fermi surface dominated by the hybridization of Ir 5d and Sb 5p *** findings of decoupled rattling modes and superconductivity distinguish the Ba_(x)Ir_(4)Sb_(12) family from other caged superconductors,warranting further exploration into the underlying mechanism.

关键词： mechanism materials superconductivity

Quantum discord and its dynamics for multipartite systems

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 168-175页

作者：罗嘉欣郭琼 College of sciences Shanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghai 201418China

Quantum discord, one of the famous quantum correlations, has been recently generalized to multipartite systems by Radhakrishnan et al. Here we give analytical solutions of the quantum discord for a family of N-qubit quantum states. For the bipartite system, we derive a zero quantum discord which will remain unchanged under the phase damping channel. For multiparitite systems, it is found that the quantum discord can be classified into three categories and the quantum discord for odd-partite systems can exhibit freezing under the phase damping channel, while the freezing does not exist in the even-partite systems.

关键词： quantum discord multipartite systems decoherence channels frozen discord

The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Migraine Frequency and Severity in Neurology

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 301-313页

作者： Oluwatosin B. Iyun Okelue Edwards Okobi Nneka P. Sams Eleni Asfaw Kebede Oboatarhe Blessing Ezie Department of Public Health and family Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Larkin Community Hospital PSC Miami FL USA College of Health sciences & Public Policy Walden University Minneapolis MN USA College of Health sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of family Medicine University of Benin Benin City Nigeria

Objective: This systematic review examines the impact of lifestyle factors on migraine frequency and severity through a comprehensive analysis of lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, sleep patterns, stress, mental health, and environmental influences. Methods: We thoroughly searched Google Scholar, PUBMED, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using keywords related to migraines and lifestyle factors. Keywords incorporated the Boolean operator “and” to narrow search results. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified, screened, and evaluated studies for inclusion, resulting in nine studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 4917 records were initially identified from Scopus (2786), PubMed (854), and Web of Science (1277). Following deduplication, 3657 records underwent title screening, with 382 additionally screened by abstract. Ultimately, 88 full-text articles were assessed, resulting in 9 studies meeting eligibility for qualitative synthesis: 7 prospective and 2 retrospective studies. Our findings highlight the multifaceted role of lifestyle factors in migraine pathophysiology and management. Dietary habits, such as high-calorie, high-fat, and gluten-containing diets were linked to migraine triggers. Moderate physical activity showed beneficial effects on migraine management, while intense exercise could exacerbate symptoms. Poor sleep hygiene and insomnia were strongly associated with increased migraine frequency and severity. Chronic stress and poor mental health significantly contributed to migraine exacerbation, with stress management techniques proving beneficial. Environmental factors, including light, sound, weather changes, and allergens, were also identified as significant migraine triggers. Conclusions: Personalized lifestyle modifications, tailored to individual patient profiles, are crucial in managing migraines. Evidence-based recommendations include balanced diets, moderate physical activity, improved sleep hygien

关键词： Migraine Lifestyle Factors Diet Physical Activity Sleep Patterns Stress Mental Health Environmental Factors Neurology

Fabrication and evaluation of carboxymethyl guar gum-chitosan interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2024年第2期22卷 73-79页

作者： Chandrani Roy Arijit Gandhi Sreejan Manna Sougata Jana Department of Pharmaceutics Gupta College of Technological SciencesAshram MoreG.T.RoadAsansol713301West BengalIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Brainware UniversityBarasatKolkataWest Bengal700125India Department of Health and family Welfare Directorate of Health ServicesKolkataIndia

Guar gum(GG)has drawn more interest from researchers in the last several decades for the controlled delivery of *** aim of the research is to fabricate and evaluate an interpenetrating polymer network(IPN)based nanocarriers system employing chemically modified GG to achieve controlled release of *** present study,we have reported the synthesis of carboxymethyl GG-chitosan IPN nanoparticles for controlled release of metformin *** guar gum(CMGG)was synthesized and employed for developing IPN nanoparticles in combination with chitosan in varying polymeric ratios.A cross-linking agent,sodium tripolyphosphate(Na-TPP)was used for the synthesis of IPN colloidal suspension of nanoparticles which was lyophilized to obtain *** carboxymethylation of GG was confirmed through Fourier transform infra-red spec*** mean particle size was 440.6 nm indicating a polydispersity index of *** drug entrapment efficiency was found to vary between 67.461.64%to 88.232.02%.The differential scanning calorimetry study revealed the presence of amorphous metformin hydrochloride as a homogenous dispersion in nanoparticles(NPs)*** vitro drug release study indicated controlled release ability of developed IPN matrix.A2 formulation(chitosan:CMGG-1:1)exhibited 78.110.27%release after 8 *** evaluation performed in alloxan-treated diabetic rat model exhibited a prolonged hypoglycemic efficacy over 6 h,for A2 formulation treated group,compared to the group receiving only metformin HCl,which demonstrated a reduction in blood glucose levels for up to 4 *** study findings demonstrated the efficacy of the CMGG-chitosan based IPN nanoparticulate system for sustained delivery of therapeutic agents.

关键词： Carboxymethyl guar gum Chitosan Interpenetrating polymer network Nanoparticles Controlled release Metformin hydrochloride

Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab River System: Historic and Modern Attempts to Manage and Restore Iraq’s Lifeline

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： Kenneth Ray Olson David R. Speidel College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA US Army Iraq Mosul Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Mahmudiyah Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Washington D.C. USA

In Iraq, the principal rivers are the Tigris, Shatt Al-Arab and Euphrates. From their headwater sources in the mountains of eastern Türkiye, these rivers descend through valleys and gorges and flow into the uplands of Syria and northern and central alluvial plain of Iraq. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers confluence to form the Shatt Al-Arab river at Al-Qurnah which flows into the Persian Gulf. From sources in the Zagros Mountains other tributaries join the Tigris from the east. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow in a southeastern direction through the central plain and discharge into the Mesopotamian Marshes, which include permanent marshes, lakes, and riparian habitat. The rivers and their tributaries drain an area of 879,790 km2 which includes almost the entire area of Iraq as well as land in Syria, Türkiye, Kuwait and Iran. The region has historical importance as part of the Fertile Crescent region and where Mesopotamian civilization first emerged. The post war reconstruction efforts in the Yusifiyah township, an important food production region for Baghdad, illustrate the importance of these water resources. In addition, the advent of soil tunnels by Iraqi insurgents within the riverine corridors will make reconstruction of this resource more complex. The primary objectives of this study are to assess lessons learned, manage, and restore the Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab river system lifeline in Iraq.

关键词： Mesopotamian Shatt Al-Arab Iraq Tigris Euphrates Baghdad Soil Tunnels Yusifiyah

Role of retinoids in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第10期7卷 184-203页

作者： Catherine C Applegate Michelle A Lane School of family and consumer sciences Nutrition and Foods Program Texas State University

Vitamin A and its derivatives, retinoids, have been widely studied for their use as cancer chemotherapeutic agents. With respect to colorectal cancer(CRC), several critical mutations dysregulate pathways implicated in progression and metastasis, resulting in aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling, gain-of-function mutations in K-ras and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt, cyclooxygenase-2 over-expression, reduction of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor γ activation, and loss of p53 function. Dysregulation leads to increased cellular proliferation and invasion and decreased cell-cell interaction and differentiation. Retinoids affect these pathways by various mechanisms, many involving retinoic acid receptors(RAR). RAR bind to all-trans-retinoic acid(ATRA) to induce the transcription of genes responsible for cellular differentiation. Although most research concerning the chemotherapeutic efficacy of retinoids focuses on the ability of ATRA to decrease cancer cell proliferation, increase differentiation, or promote apoptosis; as CRC progresses, RAR expression is often lost, rendering treatment of CRCs with ATRA ineffective. Our laboratory focuses on the ability of dietary vitamin A to decrease CRC cell proliferation and invasion via RAR-independent pathways. This review discusses our research and others concerning the ability of retinoids to ameliorate the defective signaling pathways listed above and decrease tumor cell proliferation and invasion through both RAR-dependent and RAR-independent mechanisms.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Retinoid Vitamin A β-catenin Pho

Complementary Food Situation in Sierra Leone: Nutritional Problems and Possible Strategies—A Review

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Food and Nutrition sciences 2024年第2期15卷 113-128页

作者： Philip John Kanu Milton Margai Technical University Freetown Sierra Leone Institute of Food Technology Nutrition and Consumer Studies School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Sierra Leone Centre for Development and Food Safety Freetown Sierra Leone

Low nutrient density and bulkiness of complementary foods, early introduction of solid foods, and unhygienic practices during weaning stage of a child predispose infants to malnutrition, growth retardation, infection and high mortality. In most West African countries, especially in Sierra Leone, the use of a variety of home-made complementary foods prepared from locally grown foodstuffs during the weaning process is popular, with products traditionally known as pap (mesh rice water) fofo from cassava, ogi, gari, akamu and couscous. Sierra Leone is one of the countries in West Africa that has been reported to have a challenging situation with regards to complementary foods, and little effort has so far been done to improve the situation. Despite these challenges, very little work has been directed towards the development of complementary foods using local foodstuffs as practiced in some other African countries. This situation has serious impact on the lives of infants in Sierra Leone, thus increasing the rate of mortality in the country. Complementary food situation in Sierra Leone was reviewed in terms of the past and present practices as well as the types of complementary foods used in Sierra Leone. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss the complementary food situation in Sierra Leone: Nutritional problems and possible strategies. Formulation of high nutritive value home-made complementary foods in the country was recommended using traditional food processing techniques such as fermentation and germination, since these methods are simple, and could easily be employed at household and community levels without the use of sophisticated machinery. Nonetheless, it was recently reported that a product from the orange-flesh sweet potato could address the issue of complementary food in the country as it is easy to prepare, and the products are easily available in the rural area and even urban settings. Other recommendations made include: community nutrition edu

关键词： Complementary Food Pap Malnutrition Growth Retardation

New record of the feather star Palaeocomatella hiwia(Echinodermata:Crinoidea:Comatulida)from Zhenbei Seamount in South China Sea:new insights into the taxonomic position of Palaeocomatella

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 244-251页

作者： Shao’e SUN Zijie MEI Zhongli SHA Jing WANG Nansheng CHEN Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

One specimen belonging to the family Comatellinae was collected from the Zhenbei Seamount(332.5–478.2 m)in the South China Sea in July *** on the morphological characters,the specimen was identified as Palaeocomatella hiwia McKnight,*** is first recorded from China Sea and redescribed in *** specimen differs from the original description from New Zealand for never showing syzygy at br4+5 or br5+6 on interior and br1+2 on exterior ***,it is much conform to the redescription to specimens from Indonesia,with only differences in position of the second syzygy and distalmost pinnule *** is deposited in the Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of *** analyses based on the mitochondrial c oxidase subunit I(COI)and 16S rRNA genes indicated that *** was nested within the tribe Phanogeniini and clustered with Aphanocomaster ***,*** showed same morphological features in terms of mouth placement,comb location,and number of comb teeth rows as other genera of ***,we suggest that the genus Palaeocomatella should be put in the tribe Phanogeniini.

关键词： new record Palaeocomatella hiwia McKnight 1977 South China Sea phylogenetic relationship taxonomy