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Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase family

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Frontiers in Biology 2009年第2期4卷 129-136页

作者： Yali LIU Zhanyun GUO Institute of Protein Research College of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The enzymes of the acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase(ACAT)family are responsible for the in vivo synthesis of neutral *** are potential drug targets for the intervention of atherosclerosis,hyperlipidemia,obesity,type II diabetes and even Alzheimer’s *** family enzymes are integral endoplasmic reticulum(ER)membrane proteins and can be divided into ACAT branch and acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1(DGAT1)branch according to their substrate *** ACAT branch catalyzes synthesis of cholesteryl esters using long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A and cholesterol as substrates,while the DGAT1 branch catalyzes synthesis of triacylglycerols using fatty acylcoenzyme A and diacylglycerol as *** this review,we mainly focus on the recent progress in the structural research of ACAT family enzymes,including their disulfide linkage,membrane topology,subunit interaction and catalysis mechanism.

关键词： lipid acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase(ACAT) acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1(DGAT1) acyltransferase catalysis

Feasible economic strategies to improve screening compliance for colorectal cancer in Korea

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第11期11卷 1587-1593页

作者： Sang Min Park Young Ho Yun Soonman Kwon Department of family Medicine Quality of Cancer Care Branch School of Public Health

ABM: While colorectal cancer (CRC) is an ideal target for population screening, physician and patient attitudes contribute to low levels of screening uptake. This study was carried out to find feasible economic strategies to improve the CRC screening compliance in Korea. METHODS: The natural history of a simulated cohort of 50-year-old Korean in the general population was modeled with CRC screening until the age of 80 years. Cases of positive results were worked up with colonoscopy. After polypectomy, colonoscopy was repeated every 3 years. Baseline screening compliance without insurance coverage by the national health insurance (NHI) was assumed to be 30%. If NHI covered the CRC screening or the reimbursement of screening to physicians increased, the compliance was assumed to increase. We evaluated 16 different CRC screening strategies based on Markov model. RESULTS: When the NHI did not cover the screening and compliance was 30%, non-dominated strategies were colonoscopy every 5 years (COL5) and colonoscopy every 3 years (COL3). In all scenarios of various compliance rates with raised coverage of the NHI and increased reimbursement of colonoscopy, COL10, COL5 and COL3 were non-dominated strategies, and COL10 had lower or minimal incremental medical cost and financial burden on the NHI than the strategy of no screening. These results were stable with sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Economic strategies for promoting screening compliance can be accompanied by expanding insurance coverage by the NHI and by increasing reimbursement for CRC screening to providers. COL10 was a cost-effective and cost saving screening strategy for CRC in Korea.

关键词： Cost-effectiveness analysis Colorectal cancer Screening Compliance National health insurance Coverage Reimbursement

Evaluation of obstetrics procedure competency of family medicine residents

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family Medicine and Community Health 2015年第2期3卷 69-78页

作者： Haijun Wang Eric Warwick Maria CMejia de Grubb Nanfu Deng Jane Corboy Department of family and Community Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Medical School Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Department of family Medicine Oregon Health&Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park RdPortlandOR 97239-3098USA

Objective:To establish a procedure evaluation system to monitor residents’improvement in obstetrics(OB)procedures performance and skills during the training ***:A web-based procedure logging and evaluation system was developed using *** technology with a SQL server as a backend ***’logged OB proce-dures were captured by the *** OB procedures logged within 7 days were evaluated by supervising faculty using three observable outcomes(procedure competency,procedure-related medical knowledge level,and patient care).Results:Between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2008,a total of 8543 procedures were reported,of which 1263 OB procedures were evaluated by supervising *** were significant varia-tions in the number of logged procedures by gender,residency track,and US versus non-US medi-cal *** 84%of the procedures were performed(independently or with assis-tance)by ***’procedure skills,procedure-related medical knowledge,and patient care skills improved over time,with significant variations by gender among the three ***:The benefits of specific evaluation of procedural competence in postgraduate medical education are well *** and reliable tools to assess and monitor resi-dents’procedural skills are warranted.

关键词： Resident procedure family medicine evaluation

Diversity of root-associated fungi of Rhododendron simsii in subtropical forests: fungal communities with high resistance to anthropogenic disturbances

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 2321-2330页

作者： Yanhua Zhang Fangping Tang Jian Ni Lijia Dong Lifu Sun College of life Sciences Shaoxing University

Species of the Ericaceae or heath family are widely distribute in continental ecosystems and their special ericoid mycorrhizas(ERM)are considered benefi cial to their survival and persistence in variable ***,increasing anthropogenic disturbances and improper forest management are aff ecting subtropical forests of China where these native species *** activities not only aff ect plant communities above-ground,but also impose pressures on microbial communities *** this study,rootassociated fungal communities of Rhododendron simsii in four forest types under diff erent anthropogenic disturbances were identifi ed using an Illumina Miseq platform,i.e.,old growth forests,secondary forests with one cutting(SECⅠ),secondary forests with two cuttings(SECⅡ),and Chinesefi r plantations(PLF).Intra-and inter-annual variations were analyzed by comparing samples taken in diff erent seasons and *** results show that:(1)over 1000 OTUs were found in hair roots with most from the division Ascomycota and Basidiomycota belonging to diff erent functional groups;(2)while there were a few indicator OTUs specifi c to diff erent forest types,seasons and years,the proportion of shared taxa was quite large,accounting for 44.9–79.4%of the total OTUs;(3)signifi cantly positive correlations were found between disturbance sensitivity and temporal variations in common fungal orders,and both in major fungal orders were signifi cantly diff erent among fungal functional groups in which putative and possible ERM fungi were highly resistant to disturbances and low temporal *** high disturbance resistance and temporal persistence of putative ERM fungi may be essential for the successful adaptation of *** in disturbed subtropical forests of China.

关键词： Rhododendron simsii Mycorrhiza Fungal community Diversity Subtropical forests Human disturbance

Sperm function tests after vasovasostomy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2000年第2期2卷 111-114页

作者： Ren-Qian WEN Mei-Yi LIE Pei-ling TIAN Ning YANG Yan-Jia JIANG Ai-Ping CHEN family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510600, China family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Guangzhou China. wenrq@***

Aim: To evaluate the sperm function after vasovasostomy. Methods: Semen samples from 42 subjects aftervasovasostomy (Group A: 1-6 months, Group B: 6-12 months; Group C: 12-18 months after vasectomy rever-sal) were investigated. Semen from 34 normal fertile men was used as controls. Sperm function tests, including hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST), acridine orange (AO) fluorescence, acrosome reaction (triple-stain), cervical mucuspenetration test (CMPT), etc were done. Results: After vasectomy reversal, the percentage of HOST was signifi-cantly lower than that of the normal fertile men. In regard to AO, there were no significant differences between thethree vasovasostomy groups and between these 3 groups and the controls. With triple-stain, the percentage of normalacrosome reaction was significantly lower in Group A as compared with the controls, but not in Groups B and C. Therewere no significant differences in the results of CMPT between the vasovasostomy groups and the controls. However,the number of 'poor' type was significantly higher in Groups A and C than in the controls; the percentage of 'nega-tive' type were higher in Groups A and B than in the controls. Conclusion: After vasovasostomy a lower level ofHOST remained for one year and gradually recovered after one year. Six months after vasectomy reversal, the percent-age of acrosome reaction could be changed from lower level to normal range. The data of AO indicated that the geneticmaterial (double-stranded DNA) in spermatozoa was not affected by vasovasostomy. To evaluate the result of CMPTafter vasectomy reversal, not only the normal results but also the abnormal results ('poor' and 'negative' types)should also be ***: To evaluate the sperm function after vasovasostomy. Methods: Semen samples from 42 subjects aftervasovasostomy (Group A: 1-6 months, Group B: 6-12 months; Group C: 12-18 months after vasectomy rever-sal) were investigated. Semen from 34 normal fertile men was used as controls. Sper

关键词： semen sperm function test vasectomy vasovasostomy

Application of seminal germ cell morphology and semen biochemistry in the diagnosis and management of azoospermic subjects

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2001年第1期3卷 55-62页

作者： Somnath Roy A.Banerjee H.C.Pandey G.Singh G.L.Kumari National Institute of Health and family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 India Reproductive Health Foundation(RHF) New Delhi IndiaNational Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 IndiaNational Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 IndiaNational Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 IndiaReproductive Health Foundation (RHF) New Delhi India

Aim: To evaluate whether the study of seminal germ cell morphology (SGCM) and semen biochemistry could befruitfully utilized for the diagnosis and management of azoospermic subjects. Methods: In the semen, mature andimmature germ cells are contributed by the testes, 70% of glycerylphosphoryl choline (GPC) by the epididymis, fruc-tose mostly or solely by the seminal vesicles and acid phosphate (ACP) by the prostate. In 16 normal volunteers, 12vasectomized subjects and 186 azoospennic subjects, these parameters have been studied and the data have been ana-lyzed. Results: Both mature and immature germ cells are absent in the semen of vasectomized subjects as well as inobstructive azoospennia; GPC level is also significantly decreased in both these groups. In cases with non-obstructiveazoospermia immature germ cells are present and seminal GPC, ACP and fructose levels are normal. The diagnosis ofobstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia based on these parameters correlated well with 'correct' testicular biopsyfindings. In some cases of azoospermia due to hypospermatogenesis or spermatogenic developmental arrest, the SGCMstudies were very helpful in objectively monitoring the response of the germinal tissue to specific treaunents. Conclu-sion: SGCM and semen biochemical parameters are very valuable non-invasive markers for differentiating obstructivefrom non-obstructive azoospermia. The SGCM findings serve as a dependable non-invasive testicular marker with highpredictive value. (Asian J Androl 2001 Mar; 3: 55-62)

关键词： azoospermia semen biochemistry germ cells intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Release of “Provisions on Main Functions, Internal Bodies and Staffing” of National Health and family Planning Commission

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China Population Today 2013年第4期30卷 3-5页

作者： National Health and family Planning Commission National Health and family Planning Commission

Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council and with regard to the plan for institutional reform and functional transformation of the State Council,the work of'Provisions on Main Functions,Internal Bodies and Staffing'of National Health and family Planning Commission(NHFPC)has been completed successfully.

关键词：计划生育人员编制委员会内设机构健康职责职能转变机构改革

Genome-wide identification, expression analysis of auxin-responsive GH_3 family genes in maize(Zea mays L.) under abiotic stresses

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第9期57卷 783-795页

作者： Shangguo Feng Runqing Yue Sun Tao Yanjun Yang Lei Zhang Mingfeng Xu Huizhong Wang Chenjia Shen College of life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University

Auxin is involved in different aspects of plant growth and development by regulating the expression of auxin-responsive family genes. As one of the three major auxin-responsive families, GH3 (Gretchen Hagen3) genes participate in auxin homeostasis by catalyzing auxin conjugation and bounding free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to amino acids. However, how GH3 genes function in responses to abiotic stresses and various hormones in maize is largely unknown. Here, the latest updated maize (Zea mays L.) reference genome sequence was used to characterize and analyze the ZmGH3 family genes from maize. The results showed that 13 ZmGH3 genes were mapped on five maize chromosomes (total 10 chromosomes). Highly diversified gene structures and tissue-specific expression patterns suggested the possibility of function diversification for these genes in response to environmental stresses and hormone stimuli. The expression patterns of ZmGH3 genes are responsive to several abiotic stresses (salt, drought and cadmium) and major stress-related hormones (abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid). Various environmental factors suppress auxin free IAA contents in maize roots suggesting that these abiotic stresses and hormones might alter GH3-mediated auxin levels. The respon-siveness of ZmGH3 genes to a wide range of abiotic stresses and stress-related hormones suggested that ZmGH3s are involved in maize tolerance to environmental stresses.

关键词： Abiotic stress auxin auxin responsive gene GH3 gene family maize

Genome-wide identification and transcriptome-based expression analysis of sox gene family in the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第5期36卷 1731-1745页

作者： YU Haiyang DU Xinxin LI Xiaojing QU Jiangbo ZHU He ZHANG Quanqi WANG Xubo Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding Ministry of EducationCollege of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266000China

Sox genes are transcription factors that ubiquitously exist in animal species, and share a conserved high mobility group(HMG) box. They play important biological roles in diverse developmental processes, such as sex determination and differentiation, chondrogenesis, neurogenesis, and early embryonic development. In this study, we identified 25 sox genes from genome and transcriptome of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. These s ox genes could be mainly classified into seven subfamilies(B1, B2, C, D, E, F, and K), and each subfamily exhibited a relatively conserved gene structure. Besides, subfamilies A and G were found exclusively in human and mouse, and sox 32 in subfamily K only existed in teleosts. Compared with other mammals, some s ox genes in teleosts had two duplicates. The loss, duplication, and divergence of sox genes during evolution provided an evidence for whole-genome duplication that occurred in the radiation of teleosts. The expression of Japanese flounder sox genes was also analyzed by FPKM value. Our results showed that certain s ox genes exhibited obviously tissue-specific and spatio-temproal expression. Especially, gonal-basied expression analysis uncovered that s ox7 and s ox2 were ovary-biased, and s ox8 b was testis-biased. Moreover, sox10 a was expressed specifically in ovary, and sox8 a in testis. Therefore this study provide a solid foundation for future functional and evolutionary analysis of sox genes in Japanese flounder.

关键词： sox Japanese flounder gene structure gene expression