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Rare earth elements:Sector allocations and supply chain considerations

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第1期43卷 1-8,I0001页

作者： Mpila Makiesse Nkiawete Randy Lee Vander Wal The EMS Energy Institute and the John and Willie Leone family department of Energy and Mineral Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityParkPA16802USA

This article addresses the question of how the global and *** sector allocations for rare earth elements ***,this article reports rare earth oxide(REO)market sector allocations,resolved by elemental profile for 2020 and reciprocally REO consumption resolved by end market *** are calculated relative to 2008 and presented as percentages and as absolute *** differences encompass both changes in relative sector demand and growth *** trends,global and *** REO usage by sector are calculated for the period of *** market sector demands,as percentages are presented,referenced to United States Geological Survey(USGS)values from *** is given to permanent magnets and associated elements given the growing renewable generation and vehicle *** criticality of Nd and Dy are considered given that they are the foundation of NdFeB permanent magnets,prominent in electric vehicle traction motors and direct drive wind turbine *** activity associated with REE market sectors is *** usage does not reflect economic value.A prime example are catalysts versus ***,vast reserves of light and heavy REEs exist in coal and coal-byproducts with potential high impact upon critical REEs and associated economics.

关键词： Rareearth elements Marketsectors Permanentmagnets Global sources Coal sources

Changes in Depression,Anxiety,and Stress Levels during a Religious Period:A Prospective Cohort Study

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2025年第1期27卷 41-49页

作者： Ibrahim M.Gosadi family and Community Medicine department Faculty of MedicineJazan UniversityJazan City45142Saudi Arabia

Objective:There is conflicting evidence suggesting an association between Ramadan and mental ***:This study aims to assess changes in depression,anxiety,and stress levels during Ramadan among university students from Saudi Arabia and to measure the magnitude of change in these levels according to ***:This study is a prospective cohort *** was collected using a structured questionnaire that measured demographic data of the students,and levels of depression,anxiety,and stress utilizing the short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales questionnaire(DASS 21).The assessments were performed starting from the month of Shaban(the month that precedes Ramadan),and the second wave of data collection was initiated beginning the second week of Ramadan until the end of the *** in the proportion of students who are categorized as normal or having abnormal degrees of depression and anxiety between Shaban and Ramadan were tested using either the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact ***:A total of 321 students completed the assessment during Shaban and *** than half of the students were male(54.2%),with a mean age of 22.A statistically significant di7fference in levels of anxiety,depression,and stress between the assessment periods was detected(p<0.001).The proportion of students classified as normal increased during Ramadan across all measured conditions in comparison to during *** reduction in the number of students classified as having anxiety,depression,and stress between the assessment periods remained statistically significant across both ***,degrees of change appear to be higher among male students than among female ***:This study identified a reduction in levels of depression,anxiety,and stress among students during the month of Ramadan,as well as gender variation concerning levels of *** results support the significance of considering social,religious,and spiritual aspec

关键词： Depression anxiety stress religion Ramadan

Functions of nuclear factor Y in nervous system development,function and health

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2887-2894页

作者： Pedro Moreira Roger Pocock development and Stem Cells Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia

Nuclear factor Y is a ubiquitous heterotrimeric transcription factor complex conserved across eukaryotes that binds to CCAAT boxes,one of the most common motifs found in gene promoters and *** the last 30 years,research has revealed that the nuclear factor Y complex controls many aspects of brain development,including differentiation,axon guidance,homeostasis,disease,and most recently ***,a complete understanding of transcriptional regulatory networks,including how the nuclear factor Y complex binds to specific CCAAT boxes to perform its function remains *** this review,we explore the nuclear factor Y complex’s role and mode of action during brain development,as well as how genomic technologies may expand understanding of this key regulator of gene expression.

关键词： axon guidance CCAAT boxes neuronal degeneration neuronal differentiation neuronal regeneration nuclear factor Y complex transcription factor transcriptional regulation

Aging-induced memory loss due to decreased N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine,a melatonin metabolite,in the hippocampus:a potential prophylactic agent for dementia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1705-1706页

作者： Kazuki Watanabe Atsuhiko Hattori department of Immunobiology Institute of Development Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagiJapan department of Sport and Wellness College of Sport and WellnessRikkyo UniversityNiizaSaitamaJapan

Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian *** hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pineal gland,but is ubiquitous among invertebrates,unicellular organisms,plants,and even cyanobacteria(Hattori and Suzuki,2024).Melatonin is well-conserved evolutionarily and possesses several physiological functions,such as immune response,bone and glucose metabolism,and memory formation besides regulating the circadian rhythm.

关键词： metabolism primarily agent

Vertical variations in planar lamination of marine shale: Elucidating hydrodynamic changes during the Ordovician-Silurian transition on the Upper Yangtze Block

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2025年第01期14卷 221-244页

作者： Zhen-Sheng Shi Tian-Qi Zhou Hui-Bo Song Yong-Bin Niu Sha-Sha Sun department of Unconventional Oil and Gas Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentPetroChina College of Resources and Environment Henan Polytechnic University

The hydrodynamics and their evolution on the Upper Yangtze Block during the Ordovician-Silurian transition period remain unclear. The present study is an assessment of how regional and global events may have influenced the hydrodynamic evolution based on a planar lamination investigation of the shales from the Upper Yangtze Block. Analyses of large thin sections and argon-ion polished thin sections using field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) showed that there are four types of planar lamination, namely, silty graded planar lamination(SGPL), silt-clay graded planar lamination(SCGPL), silt-clay interlaminated planar lamination(SCIPL), and paper-like planar lamination(PPL). SGPL is formed by turbidity current with a flow speed less than 15 cm/s. SCGPL is formed by turbidity currents with a flow speed less than 15 cm/s for normal grading type and 15-25 cm/s for alternating grading type. SCIPL has a continuum of sparsely spaced type, closely spaced type, and alternating type, which is formed by bottom current with an increasing flow speed from 15 to 25 cm/s to above 25 cm/s. PPL can be divided into normal grading and composite grading types. The former is formed by vertical settling, while the latter is formed by bottom current with a flow speed of 5-15 cm/s. Vertically, types of planar lamination varied from SGPL to PPL and then SCIPL manifesting the waxing and waning of flow speed with a positive excursion at graptolite biozone Metabolograptus extraordinarius(WF4) and a negative excursion at graptolite biozone Persculptograptus persculptus(LM1). The sudden decrease in flow speed across Linxiang and graptolite biozone Paraorthograptus pacificus(WF3) and the subsequent progressive increase from graptolite biozone Akidograptus ascensus(LM2)to graptolite biozone Demirastrites triangulatus(LM6) and to graptolite biozone Stimulograptus sedgwickii(LM8) during deposition of the Ordovician-Silurian transition succession on the Upper Yangtze Block were linked to th

关键词： Planar lamination Wufeng Formation Longmaxi Formation Ocean circulation Black shale

Estimated Ultimate Recovery and Productivity of Deep Shale Gas Horizontal Wells

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2025年第1期21卷 221-232页

作者： Haijie Zhang Haifeng Zhao Ming Jiang Junwei Pu Yuanping Luo Weiming Chen Tongtong Luo Zhiqiang Li Xinan Yu Exploration and development department Chongqing Shale Gas Exploration and Development Co.Ltd.Chongqing401120China Oil&Gas Technology Research Institute Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi’an710018China Exploration and development Research Institute Zhejiang Oilfield CompanyHangzhou310023China Geological Exploration and development Research Institute Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co.Ltd.Chengdu610056China School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing401331China Technology department Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing401331China

Pressure control in deep shale gas horizontal wells can reduce the stress sensitivity of hydraulic fractures and improve the estimated ultimate recovery(EUR).In this study,a hydraulic fracture stress sensitivity model is proposed to characterize the effect of pressure drop rate on fracture ***,a production prediction model is introduced accounting for a non-uniform hydraulic fracture conductivity *** results reveal that increasing the fracture conductivity leads to a rapid daily production increase in the early ***,above 0.50 D·cm,a further increase in the fracture conductivity has a limited effect on shale gas production *** initial production is lower under pressure-controlled conditions than that under *** extended pressure control durations,the cumulative production initially increases and then *** a fracture conductivity of 0.10 D·cm,the increase in production output under controlled-pressure conditions is~35%.For representative deep shale gas wells(Southern Sichuan,China),if the pressure drop rate under controlled-pressure conditions is reduced from 0.19 to 0.04 MPa/d,the EUR increase for 5 years of pressure-controlled production is 41.0 million,with an increase percentage of~29%.

关键词： Deep shale gas fracture stress sensitivity pressure-controlled production production prediction

Structural,dielectric and magnetic properties of terbium doped strontium spinel ferrite（SrFe2O4） synthesized by sol-gel method

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第2期43卷 337-344页

作者： Rifat Shaheen Hafeez Ullah M.M.Moharam Ahmad M.Saeedi Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh Muhammad Ijaz Adel A.El-Zahhar Gamil A.A.M.Al-Hazmi Sana Ullah Asif Hafiz Muhammad Tahir Institute of Physics Gomal University department of Chemistry College of Arts and SciencesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Chemical and Electrochemical Processing department Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI) department of Physics Faculty of Applied ScienceUmm AL-Qura University department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Khalid University School of Materials and Energy Yunnan University department of Physics Govt. Graduate College Taunsa

In this research work,sol-gel technique was employed to prepare the strontium based spinel ferrite nanoparticles（SrFe2O4） with different ratios of terbium（Tb）.Different characterization techniques were used to investigate the structural,morphological,dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared samples.X-ray diffraction（XRD） result suggests that face-centered cube spinel nanocrystalline structure is *** size of the SrFe2O4decreases with rising of Tb *** morphology,shape and size of the SrFe2O4were examined by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） analysis and results reveal inhomogeneous distributions of the nanostructures with high *** electrical resistivity of the SrFe2O4increases with rising of Tb ratio,which is confirmed from the cyclic *** is observed that dielectric constant of all the samples decreases with the increasing frequency *** is determined that the dielectric constants of the spinel ferrites are frequency dependent and decrease with increasing the frequency of applied electric *** magnetic behavior of SrFe2O4with different ratios of Tb was studied and it is found that the saturation magnetization values of samples decrease with increase in the substitution of Tb3+at octahedral sites for Fe3+.This decrease in the values of Msis also attributed to spin at surface of nanoparticles.

关键词： Dielectric properties Magnetic properties Rare earths Sol-gel Spinel ferrites Structural properties

Research and development of the pulse acquisition system and the pulse biomimetic reproduction system

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2025年第1期45卷 213-220页

作者： YI Kai MA Yunjing GUO Shen LIU Heng XU Bin the First Clinical College Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and development department Shenyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Medical Equipment Industry Technology Research Institute

The paper is an introduction to the front-end pulse acquisition and the back-end pulse biomimetic reproduction system. This system is capable of faithfully replicating the complete pulse waveform collected at the front end. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) practitioners analyze and diagnose the pulse patterns at the replication end. Meanwhile, the obtained pulse waveforms are analyzed and learnt by a neural network based on key diagnostic points in TCM pulse taking, which enables the determination of the corresponding relationships between different pulse waveforms and various pulse patterns in TCM pulse taking. With the support of clinical samples, an auxiliary diagnostic system for TCM pulse patterns ensures the accuracy of pulse pattern replication.

关键词： medicine, Chinese traditional pulse acquisition system pulse biomimetic reproduction system pulse taking

Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein-mediated neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Sinwoo Hwang Seunghwan Choi Soo-Ho Choi Keun-Young Kim Yury I.Miller Won-Kyu Ju Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disorder that can cause vision loss and irreversible blindness,affecting individ uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the aging population,it is expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma will surpass 111 million by 2040 as the disease becomes more *** primarily contributes to optic nerve axon loss and the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),subsequently leading to vision impairment.

关键词： irreversible pass primarily