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Protein sources and starch-protein digestive dynamics manipulate growth performance in broiler chickens defined by an equilateraltriangle response surface design

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 204-213页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline Peter V.Chrystal Peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamden NSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Sydney School of veterinary science The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

A total of 360 male,off-sex Ross 308 chicks were offered 10 dietary treatments from 14 to 35 d post ehatch in an equilateral-triangle response surface design feeding study in order to confirm the importance of protein and amino acid digestive dynamics in broiler *** 3 apical diets were nutritionally-equivalent containing either soybean meal,non-bound amino acids or whey protein concentrate as the major source of dietary protein and amino *** blends of the 3 apical diets comprised the balance of 7 diets and each dietary treatment was offered to 6 replicate cages with 6 birds per *** performance,nutrient utilisation,apparent protein and starch digestibility coefficients were determined in 4 small intestinal *** optimal weight gain(2,085 g/bird)and feed conversion ratios(FCR,1.397)were generated by Diet 50S50W which included a 50:50 blend of apical diets rich in whey protein concentrate and soybean *** chickens offered Diet 50S50W also had the highest experimental and predicted jejunal digestibility(0.685 in proximal jejunum and 0.823 in distal jejunum).FCR was not correlated with apparent distal ileal digestibility coefficient(P>0.05)of protein but was correlated with apparent protein digestibility in proximal jejunum(r=-0.369,P=0.040)and distal jejunum(r=-0.316,P=0.015).Surplus dietary starch was correlated with increased fat pad weight(r=0.781,P?0.008).The findings confirmed the relevance of protein digestion rate,reflected by jejunal digestibility,on feed conversion of broiler chickens.A balance between protein-bound and non-bound crystalline or synthetic amino acids may be required for optimal growth and protein digestion.

关键词： Amino acid Digestive dynamics Glucose Protein Starch

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The combined effect of ultrasound treatment and leek (Allium ampeloprasum) extract on the quality properties of beef

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 1060-1069页

作者： Ali Mehrabani Ashkan Jebelli Javan Mohammad Ali Hesarinejad Ali Mahdavi Mahnoosh Parsaeimehr Department of Food Hygiene Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSemnan UniversitySemnanIran Department of Food Processing Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST)MashhadIran

One of the most important physicochemical properties of meat is its *** impact of Leek (Allium ampeloprasum ) extract and ultrasound on meat quality and molecular weight distribution of Longissimus lumborum muscles was *** have been treated with ultrasound (100 and 300 W during 10,20,and 30 min) and Leek-derived exogenous proteases (16.9 and 33.8U/g) simultaneously and *** combined effect of enzyme and ultrasound in 10 and 20 min increased the pH *** was also increased the proteolytic activity of *** meat quality,the filtering residues,cooking loss,shear force,and hardness were reduced;water-binding capacity,emulsion capacity,and emulsion stability were *** electrophoretic pattern of myofibrillar proteins showed the muscle fibers were severely degraded in the combined *** can be concluded that this process could be used as an alternative to the chemical tenderizing agents in the meat industry.

关键词： Leek extract Proteolytic activity Quality properties Tenderization Ultrasound-assisted enzyme treatment

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Bacterial pathogens and factors associated with Salmonella contamination in hybrid red tilapia(Oreochromis spp.)cultivated in a cage culture system

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第3期6卷 404-415页

作者： Varangkana Thaotumpitak Jarukorn Sripradite Edward R.Atwill Surapun Tepaamorndech Saharuetai Jeamsripong Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance Department of Veterinary Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Social and Applied science College of Industrial TechnologyKing Mongkut's University of Technology North BangkokBangkokThailand Department of Population Health and Reproduction School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)Pathum ThaniThailand Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityKing Chulalongkorn Memorial HospitalBangkokThailanc

Microbial food safety in cultured tilapia remains a challenge to public health worldwide,due in part to intensive aquaculture leading to poor water quality and high organic matter *** study aimed to determine the prevalence of indicator and potential pathogenic bacteria in hybrid red tilapia(Oreochromis spp.)and their cultivation water and to identify environmental parameters and other bacterial contaminants associated with Salmonella contamination.A total of 120 fish were sampled,which were partitioned into fish carcasses(n=120),muscle(n=120),intestine(n=120),liverandkidney(n=120),and cultivationwater(n=120)from three commercial farms in westernThailand from October2019 to November *** prevalence of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli(***)in these 600 samples was 74.8%and 56.7%,*** prevalence of Salmonella,Vibrio cholerae(***),Aeromonas hydrophila,and Vibrio vulnificus(***)was 23.0%,17.5%,2.5%,and 1.7%,*** of the samples tested positive for Streptococcus *** water exhibited a high prevalence for Salmonella(58.3%).Among fish samples,Salmonella had the highest prevalence at 14.1%,which was mainly from fish *** was a significant association of Salmonella with the presence of fecal coliforms,***,***,and *** predominant serovars of Salmonella included Saintpaul,Neukoelln,Escanaba,and *** ducks that were raised in proximity to these cultured tilapia shared the same isolates of Salmonella based on the similarity of their rep-PCR DNA fingerprints,suggesting that ducks may function as either a biological reservoir for tilapia or at minimum participate in the environmental replication of this strain of *** together,the results suggest that the environment used for tilapia aquaculture may be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria;therefore,food safety precautions are needed during processing,transportation,cooking,and consumption.

关键词： Aeromonas spp grazing duck Salmonella spp tilapia Vibrio spp

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTs) of Malaria among Pregnant Women Attending for Antenatal Care in benadir Hospital at benadir Region, Somalia

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Health 2022年第4期14卷 392-406页

作者： Abdullahi Muse Mohamoud Magda Elhadi Ahmed Yousif Osman Khalafalla Saeed Mohamed Ahmed Allasow Yasmin Abdirahman Abdulle Ayan Abdiwali Ahmed Anab Warsame Iye Shukri Mohamed Abdi faculty of Health sciences Benadir University Mogadishu Somalia PHC & HE Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan

Background: Malaria in pregnancy is a preventable public health concern leading to a high prevalence of maternal morbidity, maternal mortality and adverse birth outcomes. Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is one of the main strategies used to prevent malaria in pregnancy. This study was aimed to determine knowledge attitude and practice regarding intermittent preventive treatment IPT of malaria in pregnancy utilization among pregnant women attending antenatal center in benadir hospital wadajir district benadir region somalia during the period of the study from April 2021-July 2021. Methods: The study was descriptive cross-sectional retrospective Hospital based. The sample size was 60 respondents of pregnant women at 20 weeks to 36 weeks of gestation. Data were collected by interview method using structured questionnaire. The data were collected and then entered to Statistical Package for Social science version 20 for analysis. Results: The study displayed that the majority of the respondents (58%) were in the 25 - 34 years’ age group. A total of 51 (85%) were married, while 17 (28%) had primary school education. 43 (72%) were housewives while only 11 (18%) were employed. A total 32 (53%) were had gravid more than Four times, while the study showed that, the majority of mothers 39 (65%) were had knowledge about Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). The study showed that majority of the respondent 25 (42%) were getting health education awareness towards IPTp were from health care providers at health centers while 8 (13%) from Friends/relatives/neighbors, followed by 4 (6%) from their husband. And 34 (57%) were had convenience IPTp-SP tablet consumption at their current pregnancy while 26 (43%) did not. Conclusion and Recommendations: Inclusion there was good knowledge and positive attitude towards IPT despite poor utilization, the study recommended the mi

关键词： Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) Antenatal Care

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Growth performance,welfare traits and meat characteristics of broilers fed diets partly replaced with whole Tenebrio molitor larvae

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 90-100页

作者： Stylianos Vasilopoulos Ilias Giannenas Soumela Savvidou Eleftherios Bonos Christos I.Rumbos Elias Papadopoulos Paschalis Fortomaris Christos G.Athanassiou Laboratory of Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAristotle University of Thessaloniki54124 ThessalonikiGreece Institute of Animal science Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETERParalimni Giannitsa58100Greece Laboratory of Animal science Nutrition and BiotechnologyDepartment of AgricultureSchool of AgricultureUniversity of IoanninaKostakioi Artas47100ArtaGreece Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology Department of AgricultureCrop Production and Rural EnvironmentUniversity of ThessalyPhytokou str.38446N.IoniaVolosGreece Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAristotle University of Thessaloniki54124ThessalonikiGreece Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAristotle University of Thessaloniki54124ThessalonikiGreece

The role of insects in animal nutrition has been reconsidered during recent years,paving the way for an increasing market for edible *** protein and amino acid balance make them a promising source of protein for replacing high value *** mealworm,Tenebrio molitor L.(TM;Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae)larvae,have shown positive effects on broiler performance in several research studies and have a strong potential as a sustainable alternative protein source for monogastric *** study aimed to assess the effect of replacing various ratios of basal diets with *** larvae on broiler performance as well as on several meat and welfare *** the study,120 one-day-old male chicks(Ross 308)were randomly allocated in 3 treatments and 4 replications(10 birds per pen).Birds of the control group(basal diet)were fed with typical commercial maize and soymeal-based rations in mash *** other 2 groups were treated with the same diet,after replacing 5%and 10%with dried TM larvae,*** d 35(end of trial),meat samples were collected and *** weight,feed intake,body weight gain and feed conversion ratio during the periods of 1 to 10 d(starter period),11 to 24 d(grower period),25 to 35 d(finisher period)and 1 to 35 d(total period)were ***-dermatitis,diarrhoea,feather score and litter conditions were also assessed during the *** results indicated that TM larvae inclusion in the broilers'diet positively affected body weight gain values,as well as the carcass yield,the meat composition and various welfare ***,the dietary treatments with TM larvae favourably affected meat composition and colour parameters,whereas there were also some positive effects on lipid and protein *** fatty acids were decreased by the dietary supplementation whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acids to SFA ratio *** general,the study showed that whole TM larvae addition can provide a promising alternat

关键词： Tenebrio molitor larvae Broiler Performance Welfare Meat trait

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Evaluation of Landsat 8 image pansharpening in estimating soil organic matter using multiple linear regression and artificial neural networks

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Geo-Spatial Information science 2022年第3期25卷 353-364页

作者： Abdelkrim Bouasria Khalid Ibno Namr Abdelmejid Rahimi El Mostafa Ettachfini Badr Rerhou faculty of sciences Chouaib Doukkali UniversityEl JadidaMorocco Agricultural Development Department Doukkala Regional Agricultural Development OfficeEl JadidaMorocco Soil science Department Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary InstituteRabatMorocco

In agricultural systems,the regular monitoring of Soil Organic Matter(SOM)dynamics is *** task is costly and time-consuming when using the conventional method,especially in a very fragmented area and with intensive agricultural activity,such as the area of Sidi *** study area is located in the Doukkala irrigated perimeter in *** data can provide an alternative and fill this gap at a low *** to predict SOM from a satellite image,whether linear or nonlinear,have shown considerable *** study aims to compare SOM prediction using Multiple Linear Regression(MLR)and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN).A total of 368 points were collected at a depth of 0-30 cm and analyzed in the *** image at 15 m resolution(MSPAN)was produced from a 30 m resolution(MS)Landsat-8 image using image pansharpening processing and panchromatic band(15 m).The results obtained show that the MLR models predicted the SOM with(training/validation)R^(2)values of 0.62/0.63 and 0.64/0.65 and RMSE values of 0.23/0.22 and 0.22/0.21 for the MS and MSPAN images,*** contrast,the ANN models predicted SOM with R2 values of 0.65/0.66 and 0.69/0.71 and RMSE values of 0.22/0.10 and 0.21/0.18 for the MS and MSPAN images,*** pansharpening improved the prediction accuracy by 2.60%and 4.30%and reduced the estimation error by 0.80%and 1.30%for the MLR and ANN models,respectively.

关键词： Digital soil mapping soil organic matter remote sensing multiple linear regression artificial neural networks irrigated area Doukkala Morocco

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Modelling epidemic growth models for lumpy skin disease cases in Thailand using nationwide outbreak data,2021e2022

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第1期8卷 282-293页

作者： Sompop Moonchai Adsadang Himakalasa Thaned Rojsiraphisal Orapun Arjkumpa Pawares Panyasomboonying Noppasorn Kuatako Noppawan Buamithup Veerasak Punyapornwithaya Advanced Research Center for Computational Simulation Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand Data science Research Center Department of MathematicsFaculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand The 4th Regional Livestock Office Department of Livestock DevelopmentKhon Kaen40206Thailand Bureau of Disease Control and veterinary Services Department of Livestock DevelopmentBangkok10400Thailand Center of Excellence in veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50100Thailand Department of Food Animal Clinics Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50100Thailand

Lumpy skin disease(LSD)is a transboundary disease affecting cattle and has a detrimental effect on the cattle industries in numerous countries in Africa,Europe and *** 2021,LSD outbreaks have been reported in almost all of Thailand's ***,fitting LSD occurrences using mathematical models provide important knowledge in the realm of animal disease ***,the objective of this study is to fit the pattern of daily new LSD cases and daily cumulative LSD cases in Thailand using mathematical *** first-and second-order models in the forms of Lorentzian,Gaussian and Pearson-type VII models are used to fit daily new LSD cases whereas Richard's growth,Boltzmann sigmoidal and Power-law growth models are utilized to fit the curve of cumulative LSD *** on the root-mean-squared error(RMSE)and Akaike information criterion(AIC),results showed that both first and second orders of Pearson-type VII models and Richard's growth model(RGM)were fit to the data better than other models used in the present *** obtained models and their parameters can be utilized to describe the LSD outbreak in *** disease preparedness purposes,we can use the first order of the Pearson-type VII model to estimate the time of maximum infected cases occurring when the growth rate of infected cases starts to slow ***,the period when the growth rate changes at a slower rate,known as the inflection time,obtained from RGM allows us to anticipate when the pandemic has peaked and the situation has *** is the first study that utilizes mathematical methods to fit the LSD epidemics in *** study offers decision-makers and authorities with valuable information for establishing an effective disease control strategy.

关键词： Epidemic growth Mathematical model Lumpy skin disease Outbreaks Thailand

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Supplementation of a lacto-fermented rapeseed-seaweed blend promotes gut microbial-and gut immune-modulation in weaner piglets

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2022年第1期13卷 138-151页

作者： Yan Hui Paulina Tamez-Hidalgo Tomasz Cieplak Gizaw Dabessa Satessa Witold Kot Søren Kjærulff Mette Olaf Nielsen Dennis Sandris Nielsen Lukasz Krych Department of Food science Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 26DK-1958 Frederiksberg CDenmark Fermentationexperts A/S.Vorbassevej 12 DK-6622 BaekkeDenmark Department of veterinary and Animal sciences Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenGrønnegårdsvej 3DK-1870 Frederiksberg CDenmark Department of Plant and Environmental sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 26DK-1958 Frederiksberg CDenmark Department of Animal science Faculty of Technical SciencesAarhus UniversityBlichers Alle 20DK-8830 TjeleDenmark

Background:The direct use of medical zinc oxide in feed will be abandoned after 2022 in Europe,leaving an urgent need for substitutes to prevent post-weaning ***:This study investigated the effect of using rapeseed-seaweed blend(rapeseed meal added two brown macroalgae species Ascophylum nodosum and Saccharina latissima)fermented by lactobacilli(FRS)as feed ingredients in piglet *** d 28 of life to d 85,the piglets were fed one of three different feeding regimens(n=230 each)with inclusion of 0%,2.5% and 5% *** this period,no significant difference of piglet performance was found among the three *** a subset of piglets(n=10 from each treatment),blood samples for hematology,biochemistry and immunoglobulin analysis,colon digesta for microbiome analysis,and jejunum and colon tissues for histopathological analyses were *** piglets fed with 2.5% FRS manifested alleviated intraepithelial and stromal lymphocytes infiltration in the gut,enhanced colon mucosa barrier relative to the 0% FRS *** colon microbiota composition was determined using V3 and V1-V8 region 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing by Illumina NextSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION,*** two amplicon sequencing strategies showed high consistency between the detected *** sequencing strategies indicated that inclusion of FRS reshaped the colon microbiome of weaned piglets with increased Shannon *** stercorea was verified by both methods to be more abundant in the piglets supplied with FRS feed,and its abundance was positively correlated with colonic mucosa thickness but negatively correlated with blood concentrations of leucocytes and ***:FRS supplementation relieved the gut lymphocyte infiltration of the weaned piglets,improved the colon mucosa barrier with altered microbiota *** the dietary inclusion of FRS from 2.5% to 5% did not lead to further improvements.

关键词： Amplicon sequencing Colon microbiota Fermented feed Gut barrier

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On the importance of concomitant conditions: Light and conspecific presence modulate prey response to predation cue

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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 354-359页

作者： Łukasz Jermacz Jarostaw Kobak Nicolaus Copernicus university Faculty of Biological and Veterinary SciencesDepartment of Ecology and BiogeographyLwowska 187-100 TorunPoland Nicolaus Copernicus university Faculty of Biological and Veterinary SciencesDepartment of Invertebrate Zoology and ParasitologyLwowska187-100 TorunPoland

Assessment of individual costs of the anti-predator defence translating into changes in population parameters is *** is because prey responses are likely to be modulated by additional factors,commonly present in the environment,but often neglected in experimental *** evaluate the effect of external factors on prey behavior and physiology,we exposed amphipods Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus jazdzewskii to the predation cue of Perca fluviatilis in different densities and light *** of both species exposed to the predation cue in light modified their oxygen consumption(***:reduction,***:increase)compared to their respiration in predator-free ***,in the presence of conspecifics or in darkness,their respiration became insensitive to the predation *** the other hand,the swimming activity of prey was reduced in the presence of the predation cue irrespective of prey density and light conditions,but singletons were consistently more active than ***,external factors,such as conspecifics and darkness,constantly or periodically occurring in the field,may reduce the costs of predator non-consumptive effects compared to the costs measured under laboratory conditions(in light or absence of conspecifics).Moreover,we showed that behavioral and physiological parameters of prey may change differently in response to predation ***,conclusions drawn on the basis of single defence mechanisms and/or results obtained in artificial conditions,not reflecting the environmental complexity,strongly depend on the experimental design and endpoint selection and therefore should be treated with care.

关键词： anti-predator response fear effects non-lethal effects predator-prey interactions predation risk trait-mediated effects

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Histological,Ultrastructural,and Genetic Investigatory Comparison between Different Types of Experimentally-Induced Antemortem Burns

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Journal of Forensic science and Medicine 2023年第1期9卷 17-24页

作者： Omnia I El Euony Youstina W Wisely Ashraf M Nazem Osama S El Okle Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt Department of Food Hygiene Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt

Background:Burn is a cutaneous injury that is caused by heat,electricity,chemicals,freezing,and *** and Objectives:This study aimed to differentiate between dry heat burn injury and other common cutaneous burn *** and Methods:For this,different types of dermal burns were created experimentally in four groups of rats,5 rats for each,as the following:dry heat burn model,scalding model,chemical burn model,and electrical burn *** burnt skin and hair samples were subjected to scanning electron microscopic examination,molecular assay of aquaporin-3(AQP-3)gene expression,and histopathological ***:There were crakes,holes,and cuticular irregularity in hairs exposed to both dry heat and sulfuric acid(chemical burn),while the major lesion observed in hairs exposed to boiling water(scald injury)was cuticular cell *** the other hand,dry burnt skin showed empty orifices of the hair and sebaceous gland with overlapped smooth lamella,while scald induced irregularity of collagen *** sulfuric acid produces separation of the epidermis from the dermis and irregularity in collagen *** skin exposed to electric current appears with fissure,lacerated edges,and erected broken *** AQP-3 gene expression was significantly upregulated in the burnt skin of all experimental models in comparing with control rats,dry heat burned skin showed the highest upregulated *** addition,the coagulation of the dermoepidermal cells and vesicles formation were the most pronounced lesions observed in all types of burns,while scald was distinguished by appearance of elongated cellular ***:These observations suggest the possibility to differentiate between dry thermal burn,scald injury,chemical burn,and electrical burn using the combination between scanning electron microscopic examination,analysis of cutaneous AQP-3 gene expression,and histological investigation.

关键词： Cutaneous aquaporin‑3 gene expression histopathology dermal burns scanning electron microscopy

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