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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Dry Eyes Syndrome in Glaucomatous Patients on Anti-Glaucoma Eye Drops Followed up at the Garoua Regional Hospital-Northern Cameroon

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第3期14卷 350-360页

作者： Josiane Mare Njoya Dodo Balkissou Bimingo Noelle Bra’ Eyatcha Viola Dohvoma Yannick Bilong Godefroy Koki faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Dry eye and glaucoma are two common pathologies in the elderly, and are very often associated. This association suggests a link between them and between their treatments. Our purpose for this study is to determine the prevalence of dry eye in our glaucoma patients treated with eye drops and deduce the factors associated with it. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical study from October 2022 to September 2023 in the ophthalmology department of Garoua Regional Hospital in glaucoma patients aged over 15 years able to answer the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaires and treated with antiglaucoma eye drops for more than 3 months. These patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination and a tear film break-up time test. Results: A total of 73 patients (146 eyes) were examined. The average age of the patients was 47.2 ± 16.5 years, with a male predominance of 54.8%. The prevalence of dry eye syndrome in our patients according to the OSDI score was 56.2% (95% CI) (44.8;67.6). The prevalence of dry eye syndrome on clinical examination of the BUT in the right eye was 83.7% (95% CI) (75.1;92.1) and 79.4% (70.2;88.7) in the left eye. The duration of antiglaucoma treatment was the factor associated with dry eye syndrome (p < 0.05) in glaucoma patients in our setting. Conclusion: Dry Eye Syndrome is common in glaucoma patients on drops in our setting. Treatment duration of more than 1 year seems to be associated with dry eyes.

关键词： Dry Eyes Glaucoma Conservative Eye Drops Médications Garoua-Cameroon

Endometriosis beyond the Pelvis: A Case Series of Cutaneous Endometriosis and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 77-88页

作者： Tompeen Isidore Nkoro Ombédé G. Anita Mendouga Menye Coralie Belinga Etienne Noa Ndoua Cyrille Foumane Pascal Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Internal medicine and Specialities Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Morphologic sciences and Anatomopatology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Clinical sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon

Introduction: Cutaneous endometriosis is an uncommon but well-known skin disorder that represents about 0.5% to 1% of all endometriosis. The objective of this case series is to report clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of various forms of cutaneous endometriosis. Material and Methods: It was an observational, retrospective and descriptive review of cases presenting with cutaneous endometriosis among Cameroonian women managed at the gynaecological outpatient department of yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. All the following parameters were analysed: age, parity, previous pelvic surgery, presenting symptoms and duration, associated symptoms, localizations, imaging, size of the lesion, other localization of endometriosis, management and histopathological results. Results: we reported 4 cases of cutaneous endometriosis, with 3 umbilical endometriosis and 1 abdominal scar endometriosis. Patient age ranged from 28 to 39 years with an average of 33 years. All patients described infertility (two primary and two secondary) and two had a history of abdominal surgery. All patients presented local cyclical signs such as pain, swelling, color change and bleeding. The duration of symptoms varied from 2 to 3 years and the size of lesions ranged from 2 to 3.5 cm for umbilical lesions and was 9 cm for abdominal scar endometriosis. In all cases, no imaging was required for the diagnosis, which was suspected on the basis of patient’s history and the cyclical nature of local signs, followed by wide surgical excision and confirmation on histopathology. Conclusion: Cutaneaous endometriosis is a rare benign condition. Umbilical endometriosis seems to be the main cutaneous localization and can be described as primary or secondary. Even if its diagnosis must be confirmed by histopathology, it should be considered in patient with cutaneous cyclic signs such as pain, swelling or bleeding with or without history of abdominal surgery.

关键词： Endometriosis Cutaneous Endometriosis Umbilical Endometriosis Cyclic Umbilical Swelling Cameroon

Phenotypic Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Class C Cephalosporinase and Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella Species Isolated from Patients Consulted at Four yaounde-Based Hospitals

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 105-119页

作者： Emilia Enjema Lyonga Mbamyah Mangum Patience Kumcho Michel Toukam Dieudonné Sedena Florence Anjabie Enyeji Aime-Caesar Teukam Modestine Djuissi Martha Tongo Mesembe George Mondinde Ikomey Agnes Bedie Eyoh Hortense Kamga Gonsu faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Microbiology School of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Bacteriology Unit Yaounde University Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Klebsiella spp. are bacteria of medical importance for their role in opportunistic infections which are often difficult to treat because of resistance to one or several antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance due to Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL), Class C cephalosporinase (AmpC) and carbapenemase enzymes in Klebsiella spp. isolated from patients consulted at four hospitals. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive. A total of 4190 non-repetitive patients specimens from 13 types of clinical specimens were analysed from February to November 2020. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) Klebsiella spp isolates were identified using API 20E and antimicrobial susceptibility testing done according to the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. ESBL and AmpC phenotypes were determined by the combination disc method and carbapenemases by double disc synergy method, referenced by EUCAST guidelines for the resistance testing. Results: The frequency of the species was Klebsiella pneumoniae (69%, 155/255), K. oxytoca (14%, 31/255), K. ozaenae (12%, 27/225) and K. rhinoscleromatis (5%, 11/225). Isolates were most resistant to sulphomethoxazole trimethoprim (84%, 189/225), cepaholosporins (80%, 180/225), and least resistant to carbapenems (10.7%, 24/225). Two K. oxytoca and one K. pneumoniae were resistant to all antibiotics tested. Klebsiella pneumoniae had the most multidrug resistant isolates (59.4%, 134/225). Most isolates (83.6%, 188/225) expressed at least one enzyme, while 63.6% (143/225) of the isolates expressed at least two enzymes. Some isolates were ESBL (71.6%, 161/225), carbapenemase (10.7%, 24/225) and AmpC (6.6%, 15/225) producers. Three carbapenemases (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-KPC, Metallo-Beta Lactamase-MBL and OXA-48) were detected. Conclusion: These results revealed that resistance of Klebsiella spp. to cephalosporins is high and this may be exacerbated by co-expression of AmpC and

关键词： Klebsiella Spp. Multidrug Resistance ESBL AmpC Carbapenemase

SCFD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:reconciling a genetic association with in vivo functional analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1201-1202页

作者： Ruben J.Cauchi Centre for Molecular medicine and Biobanking Biomedical Sciences BuildingDepartment of Physiology and BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in muscle weakness and spasticity,eventually leading to death due to respiratory *** by our group of a casecontrol cohort from an isolated island population have found that genetics plays a significant role in disease etiology(Farrugia Wismayer et al.,2023).

关键词： sclerosis respiratory

Evaluation of Spontaneous Fertility after Medical Treatment of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy in Two Hospitals in the City of yaounde

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 175-185页

作者： Noa Ndoua Claude Cyrille Tchedele Guidebta Hilary Nyada Serge Robert Astrid Ruth Ndolo Kondo Ayissi Gregory Ngo Dingom Anne Madye Tompeen Isidore faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences of the University of Yaoundé I Yaounde Cameroon faculty of medicine and Pharmaceutical sciences of the University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, estimated to occur in 1% - 2% of pregnancies worldwide. This condition also has an adverse effect on the fertility prospects of women who experience it. Objective: To determine the outcomes of subsequent spontaneous fertility after medical treatment of patients with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with ectopic pregnancy at two university teaching hospitals of yaounde. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection in two university teaching hospitals of yaounde during a six years period from 1st January 2015 to 31st May 2021. Seventy records of patients who had medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy were included in this study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. 23. The Chi-2 statistical test was used to compare qualitative variables. Binary logistic regression method was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with infertility after medical treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age in our study population was 27.8 ± 3.8 years. According to the past medical history, 52.9% had a pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and the most frequently germ found was C. trachomatis (47.1%). Almost 15% of our study population had previous surgery for EP. The median Fernandez score was 11 with a minimum score of 4 and a maximum score of 13. The route of administration of methotrexate was intramuscular in all our patients, and the single-dose protocol was used most frequently (58.6%). After medical treatment of the EP, we found a spontaneous conception rate of 58.6%. After multivariate analysis, we were unable to confirm that there was an association between a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and fertility prognosis. Conclusion: The spontaneous fertility rate after medical management of EP was 58.6%, of which 73.2% were term pregnanci

关键词： Ectopic Pregnancy Maternal Morbidity

Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic and Evolutive Profile of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Cameroonian Population

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 93-102页

作者： Christelle Domngang Fabiola Makamwe Tagne Leonard Tedong Chantal Ngoune Nanfack Caroline Mvilongo Giles Kagmeni Higher Institute of Health sciences Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), at 4.2%. The efficacy of medical treatment has been demonstrated and remains one of the treatments of choice for POAG. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, its effectiveness has many challenges, due to multiple factors, including cost and access to care. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutive profile of primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in two hospitals in western Cameroon. Epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary data on intraocular pressure at one year after medical treatment were analyzed. SPSS version 23 software was used for statistical analysis, with a significant p-value set at 5%. Results: A total of 201 patients with POAG were included in the study. The population comprised 100 men and 101 women, with a mean age of 54 ± 12 years. At diagnosis, the mean intraocular pressure was 23.9 ± 8.70 mmHg for the right eye and 25.5 ± 9.57 mmHg for the left eye. The mean cup/disc ratio was 0.64 ± 0.2 [0.2-1] and 0.67 ± 0.19 [02-1] in the right and left eyes, respectively. Monotherapy was the most prescribed treatment [59.2%]. After one year of treatment, intraocular pressure was reduced by 15.5% with beta-blockers, 23.66% with prostaglandins, 19.11% with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 35, 92% with beta-blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 25.92% with beta-blockers and prostaglandins, 48.03% with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and prostaglandin agonists, and 38.77% with triple therapy. Taking glaucoma severity into account, a significant reduction in intraocular pressure at one year was observed in all participants [p 0.05]. However, the target pressure was obtained in 47%, 20% and 14% of eyes suffering of mild, moderate, and severe grade of POAG respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, there was a significant reduction in i

关键词： Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Medical Treatment Intraocular Pressure Target Intraocular Pressure

Cervical Myelopathy: Diagnostic Aspects, Surgical Treatment and Evolution of Patients Operated upon in yaounde

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第1期14卷 72-82页

作者： Bello Figuim Djoubairou Ben Ousmanou Oumarou Haman Nassourou Ndome Toto Orlande Amadou Tidjani Djientcheu Vincent de Paul yaounde Central Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon yaounde Military Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Douala Douala Cameroon Douala General Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Douala Douala Cameroon Higher Institute of Health sciences Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon

Introduction: Although cervical myelopathy is the most common degenerative cervical spine pathology in adults, the indications and approaches of surgical treatment have not yet been clearly defined in the literature. Very few studies exist regarding these aspects in our setting, and they are mostly outdated. This study aimed to describe the diagnostic aspects, current surgical treatment with technical improvements, and progression in patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a multicentre retrospective descriptive study over a 10-year period between January 2011 and January 2020 in three referral centres in Yaoundé. All patients who underwent surgery for cervical myelopathy were included. Results: Fifty-two patients were recruited. The rate of operated cervical myelopathies among all degenerative spinal pathologies was 14.05%. The M/F sex ratio was 3/1, and the average age was 52 ± 10 years. All included patients had gait problems, 90.38% demonstrated motor deficiency, and 67.30% experienced at least three levels of compression. Surgery was decided based on the Nurick grade;a posterior approach was applied to 86.54% of patients. Postoperative progression showed a neurological improvement of 82% with an average follow-up of 4 years. Conclusion: In this study, the patients who underwent surgery were relatively young, their clinical presentations were mostly advanced, and surgical management showed good results in well-selected cases.

关键词： Cervical Myelopathy Diagnosis Treatment Evolution Cameroon

Inflammatory bowel disease(ulcerative colitis type)severity shows inverse correlation with semen parameters and testosterone levels

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 155-159页

作者： Darmadi Darmadi Cennikon Pakpahan Rajender Singh Ankur Saharan Wanly Syahrizal Pasaribu Hermansyah Hermansyah Andri Rezano Department of Internal medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Sumatera UtaraMedan 20155Indonesia Andrology Study Program Faculty of MedicineUniversitas AirlanggaSurabaya 60132Indonesia Department of biomedical sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversitas AirlanggaSurabaya 60132Indonesia Division of Endocrinology Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowUtar Pradesh 226031India Amity University LucknowUttar Pradesh 226010India Department of biomedical sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversitas PadjadjaranSumedang 45363Indonesia

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have been reported to be at an increased risk of infertility and sexual *** the relationship between them remains unclear,IBD severity is suspected to affect hormone levels and *** analyze the impact of IBD severity on semen parameters and sex hormone levels in ulcerative colitis-type IBD(UC-IBD),we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 120 patients with UC-IBD in Adam Malik General Hospital,Medan,*** patients were classified into three groups based on the Mayo score for Uc,followed by a comparison of various semen and hormone parameters among these *** addition to the cross-sectional analysis,a simple correlation test was conducted irrespective of the patient *** concentration,motility,and morphology were found to decline significantly with an increase in IBD *** classifying patients with IBD into subgroups,the Mayo score showed negative correlations with sperm concentration(r=-0.375,P<0.0001),rapid progressive motility(r=-0.660,P<0.0001),free testosterone(r=-0.732,P<0.0001),and total testosterone(r=-0.721,P<0.0001),and positivecorrelations with immotile sperm(r=0.660,P<0.0001),abnormal morphology(r=0.657,P<0.0001),and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG;r=0.278,P=0.002).Sperm concentration,motility,and morphology declined significantly with the severity of *** study suggests a significant negative impact of IBD severityonsemenqualityand sexhormones.

关键词： inflammatory bowel disease reproductive health sexual health sperm parameter testosterone

Normal Range of Neutrophile to Lymphocyte Ratio in Healthy, Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4 - 5 and Hemodialysis Participant in a Sub-Saharan African Context

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期14卷 104-114页

作者： Fouda Menye Epse Ebana Hermine Danielle Elimby Lionel Thierry Sevele Deussi De Ngaha Bogne Takam Yvan Halle Marie-Patrice Eveline Ngouadjeu Dongho Department of medicine and Specialties General Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Internal medicine and specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Department of Internal medicine and specialties Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutic Sciences of Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: Neutrophile to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a well-established marker of inflammation. It has been reported to be high in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it is described as a prognosis factor in hemodialysis patients. However, limited data are available about the normal range of NLR in healthy adults as well as CKD patients including hemodialysis black Africans in Sub-Saharan countries. We sought to study NLR in healthy and advanced CKD in a single Cameroonian health facility. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from blood donors, CKD stage 4 and non-dialysis stage 5, and hemodialysis patients for more than 6 months. Patients with confounding factors such as positive CRP, infection, and recent use of steroids were excluded. RNL means standard deviations (SDs), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined. RNL range was defined as percentiles P2.5 to P97.5. Results: A total of 102 participants were included. Mean age was 40.45 ± 9.97 years and 58.8% were male. Age and sex distribution were similar in the three groups. Leucopenia and neutropenia were common in all the groups. Means NLR was 1.29 ± 0.57 (95% CI 1.08 - 1.49) range between 0.55 to 2.67;2.31 ± 1.3 (95% CI 1.75 - 2.88) with range between 0.69 to 4.31 and 2.14 ± 0.98 (95% CI 1.85 - 2.44) with range between 0.77 to 4.32 respectively in controls, CKD, and hemodialysis participants. NLR was comparable in CKD and hemodialysis patients (p = 0.99). Compared to controls, NLR was significantly elevated in CKD (p = 0.043) and hemodialysis patients (p Conclusion: Our data suggest that the normal range for NLR in adult nongeriatric healthy and advanced CKD patients including those on chronic hemodialysis may vary between 0.55 to 2.67 and 0.69 to 4.32 respectively.

关键词： NLR CKD Hemodialysis Cameroon