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Knowledge and discriminatory attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among the women of reproductive age group of Pakistan using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey(MICS)

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Global health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 74-82页

作者： Remsha Hussain Russell Kabir School of allied health Faculty of HealthMedicine and Social CareAnglia Ruskin UniversityUnited Kingdom

Background Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)has become a major worldwide public health issue,with a focus on developing *** having a very low HIV prevalence,South Asia faces serious issues with stigma and false information because of a lack of *** stigma highlights significant gaps in popular awareness while also sustaining unfavorable attitudes towards those living with HIV/*** is ranked second in South Asia for the rapidly increasing AIDS *** information and optimistic outlooks are essential for successful HIV/AIDS prevention,control,and *** false beliefs about how HIV/AIDS spreads lead to negative perceptions,which highlights the need to look into how women’s knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS in Pakistan are influenced by sociodemographic traits and *** The purpose of this study is to evaluate Pakistani women’s discriminatory attitudes and level of awareness on HIV/*** study used data(the women in reproductive age 15-49 years’dataset)from the Pakistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to conduct an analytical cross-sectional *** represent the respondents’attitudes and knowledge towards people living with HIV(PLHIV),two composite variables were developed and composite *** logistics regression was used to identify predictor variables and chi-square was used for bivariate *** The findings reveal that almost 90%of Pakistani women have poor knowledge and attitude with HIV/*** Punjab,72.8%of rural residents have low knowledge,whereas only 20.6%of young individuals(15-<25 years old)show the least amount of *** is shown to be crucial,and“Higher”education is associated with superior *** dwellers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa typically have more *** of HIV is positively correlated with education;those with higher education levels know a lot more(odds ratio[OR]=5.419).Similarly,quintil

关键词： HIV/AIDS PLHIV Knowledge Attitudes Women Pakistan

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Genes linked to obesity-related infertility:bridging the knowledge gap

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Reproductive and Developmental medicine 2024年第2期8卷 121-129页

作者： Praveen Kumar Chandra Sekar Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory Faculty of Allied Health SciencesChettinad Academy of Research and EducationKelambakkamTamil Nadu 603103India

Genetic factors play a pivotal role in the complex relationship between obesity and *** article delves into the genetics of obesity-related infertility,focusing on the essential genes and mechanisms in both *** explored infertility factors in obese females,focusing on polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)and the influence of genes like insulin receptor(INSR),androgen receptor(AR),and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR).Epigenetic changes are believed to contribute to PCOS-related *** impact of adipokines and inflammation on obesity-related infertility has been discussed,with genes such as fat mass and obesity(FTO)and melanocortin-4-receptor(MC4R)playing significant *** factors affecting sperm quality and function,including nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1(NR3C1)and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR),have been investigated in obesity-related infertility in *** dysregulation influenced by genetic markers,such as leptin receptor(LEPR),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6),was also *** factors play a vital role in obesity-related infertility in both *** involved in metabolism,hormonal regulation,and inflammation contribute to the complex association between obesity and *** changes further complicate the *** these genetic mechanisms is essential to address obesity-related infertility and develop personalized interventions.

关键词： Obesity Infertility PCOS DNA methylation Epigenetics

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Neural plasticity in Parkinson's disease: a neuroimaging perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1203-1205页

作者： Christina Andica Koji Kamagata Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine faculty of health Data Science Juntendo University

Parkinson’s disease(PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by classical motor signs of bradykinesia,rigidity,tremors,and postural instability usually manifesti ng unilate rally or at least *** disease involves a loss of dopaminergic neurons projecting from the substantia nigra pars compacta to the dorsal striatum,

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Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1262-1276页

作者： Morteza Abyadeh Vivek Gupta Joao A.Paulo Arezoo Gohari Mahmoudabad Sina Shadfar Shahab Mirshahvaladi Veer Gupta Christine T.O.Nguyen David I.Finkelstein Yuyi You Paul A.Haynes Ghasem H.Salekdeh Stuart L.Graham Mehdi Mirzaei ProGene Technologies Pty Ltd. 2. Department of Clinical medicine Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences Macquarie Medical School Macquarie University Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School School of medicine Deakin University Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental health The University of Melbourne School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University

The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, posttranslational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.

关键词： amyloid-beta cancer cardiovascular diseases diabetes neurodegeneration Tau traumatic brain injury

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Bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis in a Malaysian tertiary hospital:Report of four cases

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2024年第2期17卷 91-94页

作者： Kang WH Norasyikin Abdul Wahab Department of medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity Tunku Abdul RahmanMalaysia Department of medicine Pusat Perubatan Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia

Rationale:Adrenal histoplasmosis can present as bilateral adrenal enlargement with constitutional symptoms and/or adrenal *** these patients are initially investigated as secondary adrenal metastases before eventually their diagnosis established by histopathological examination of the adrenal *** concerns:We report 4 cases of patients aged 55-78 who presented with hypocortisolism and bilateral adrenal ***:Bilateral adrenal ***:Three patients received antifungal treatment for at least one year while 1 patient passed away before the initiation of antifungal ***:Two patients’adrenal function recovered not requiring any steroid replacement,while 1 patient still requires long-term steroid ***:Adrenal histoplasmosis should be excluded in patients from endemic areas presenting with bilateral adrenal masses and adrenal *** patients have an exposure to bird droppings,bat guano or soil contaminated with histoplasmosis *** examination of biopsied adrenal tissues is still the gold standard investigation as serology and molecular diagnostic methods are still not widely available in most centers in Malaysia.

关键词： Adrenal histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis Bilateral adrenal masses

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Management strategies for common viral infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 62-71页

作者： Randula Ranawaka Kavinda Dayasiri Erandima Sandamali Manoji Gamage Department of Paediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Colombo and Lady Ridgeway Hospital for ChildrenColombo 0094Sri Lanka Department of Paediatrics Facullty of MedicineUniversity of KelaniyaRagama 0094Sri Lanka Department of Nursing Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of RuhunaGalle 0094Sri Lanka Division of Nutrition Ministry of HealthColombo 0094Sri Lanka

Viral infections have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation in pediatric *** are at high risk of acquiring virus-related complications due to immunological immaturity and the enhanced alloreactivity risk that led to maintenance of high immunosuppressive ***,prevention,early detection,and prompt treatment of such infections are of paramount *** all viral infections,herpes viruses(herpes simplex virus,varicella zoster virus,Epstein-Barr virus,cytomegalovirus),hepatitis B and C viruses,BK polyomavirus,and respiratory viruses(respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus,influenza virus and adenovirus)are common in kidney transplant *** viruses can cause systemic disease or allograft dysfunction affecting the clinical *** advances in technology and antiviral therapy have improved management strategies in screening,monitoring,adoption of prophylactic or preemptive therapy and precise treatment in the immunocompromised host,with significant impact on the *** review discusses the etiology,screening and monitoring,diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of common viral infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients.

关键词： Viral infections Post renal transplant Immunosuppressive regimes Herpes simplex virus Varicella zoster virus Epstein-Barr virus Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis B virus BK polyomavirus Viral monitoring

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An Extensive Review of Vitiligo-Associated Conditions

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第1期7卷 44-51页

作者： Madhavi Premkumar Iyshwarya Bhaskar Kalarani Vajagathali Mohammed Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory Faculty of Allied Health SciencesChettinad Hospital and Research InstituteChettinad Academy of Research and EducationKelambakkamTamil Nadu 603103India

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder caused by the destruction of melanocytes in various body *** diseases may accompany *** prevalence of vitiligo varies among geographical regions and shows no relation to sex or ***,vitiligo most commonly affects people aged 10 to 30 *** clinical symptoms of vitiligo include irregular patches on the skin and various diseases associated with this *** present review focuses on the clinical effects and risk factors of vitiligo-associated conditions and the current therapeutics for treating *** systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA guidelines and articles published from 2000 to 2023 in Web of Science,PubMed,PsycINFO,and *** most clinically significant diseases associated with vitiligo are alopecia areata,autoimmune thyroid disease,Addison disease,and type 1 diabetes *** targeted population is specifically prone to vitiligo;it does not affect any particular race or ***,awareness of the diseases associated with vitiligo is necessary to control them through various medical and surgical treatments with the proper facilities.

关键词： vitiligo autoimmune disorder melanocyte Addison disease atopic dermatitis

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Genetic Basis for Mucormycosis Progression in COVID-19 Patients:From Susceptibility to Severity

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2024年第2期4卷 86-92页

作者： Jethendra Kumar Muruganantham Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory Faculty of Allied Health SciencesChettinad Hospital and Research InstituteChettinad Academy of Research and EducationKelambakkamTamilnadu 603103India.

The dynamics of COVID-19 and mucormycosis reveal a complex interplay of genetic factors that influence the susceptibility,severity,and immune ***-19,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),exhibits an increased incidence of mucormycosis,particularly in individuals with comorbidities or corticosteroid *** is a fungal infection that affects the sinuses,orbits,and lungs and demands timely intervention with antifungal medications and surgery because of its life-threatening *** on the genetic underpinnings of this intersection has unveiled key insights into the pathogenicity of *** in genetic tools have exposed virulence factors,such as the CotH protein family and high-affinity iron-uptake *** susceptibility is a pivotal element in identifying individuals at risk of developing COVID-19,facilitating early detection,and allowing for personalized treatment ***9,MIF,and TYK2 are among the genes implicated in COVID-19 severity,emphasizing the intricate relationship between genetic makeup and viral *** genetic landscape extends to viral entry mechanisms,thereby affecting infection *** polymorphisms in genes such as IFNAR2,OAS3,and TYK2 are associated with COVID-19 severity,indicating shared genetic bases between severe and hospitalized *** is genetically predisposed,particularly in immunocompromised *** challenge lies in understanding the genetic factors influencing susceptibility and offering insights into pathogenesis and potential therapeutic *** transplantation adds another layer,increasing susceptibility to infections such as COVID-19 and *** impact of immunosuppression on COVID-19 severity remains elusive,necessitating ongoing research on the immunological *** the challenges posed by emerging SARSCoV-2 variants,the intricate connection between genetic factors and the

关键词： COVID-19 Mucormycosis Pathogenesis Genetics basis

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Molecular biomarkers for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia:the current status and directions for the future

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2579-2580页

作者： Satoshi Hosoki Perminder SSachdev Centre for healthy Brain Ageing Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental HealthSchool of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Department of Neurology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan

Dementia is a syndrome with various underlying pathologies acting independently or in concert to cause cognitive *** development of disease-specific treatments and targeted prevention strategies requires precise clinical sub-typing via etiology and pathophysiological ***,recent research advances in biomarkers,especially for Alzheimer's disease(AD)diagnosis,have improved diagnostic precision for dementia.

关键词： prevention diagnosis impairment

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Quantitative and qualitative subgenomic RNA profiles of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples: A comparison between Omicron BA.2 and non-VOC-D614G

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第2期39卷 218-227页

作者： Zigui Chen Rita Way Yin Ng Grace Lui Lowell Ling Agnes S.Y.Leung Chit Chow Siaw Shi Boon Wendy C.S.Ho Maggie Haitian Wang Renee Wan Yi Chan Albert Martin Li David Shu Cheong Hui Paul Kay Sheung Chan Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Paediatrics Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Jockey Club School of Public health and Primary Care Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants are notorious for their transmissibility,but little is known about their subgenomic RNA(sgRNA)*** study applied RNA-seq to delineate the quantitative and qualitative profiles of canonical sgRNA of 118 respiratory samples collected from patients infected with Omicron BA.2 and compared with 338 patients infected with non-variant of concern(non-VOC)-D614G.A unique characteristic profile depicted by the relative abundance of 9 canonical sgRNAs was reproduced by both BA.2 and non-VOCD614G regardless of host gender,age and presence of ***,such profile was lost in samples with low viral load,suggesting a potential application of sgRNA pattern to indicate viral activity of individual patient at a specific time point.A characteristic qualitative profile of canonical sgRNAs was also reproduced by both BA.2 and *** presence of a full set of canonical sgRNAs carried a coherent correlation with crude viral load(AUC¼0.91,95%CI 0.88–0.94),and sgRNA ORF7b was identified to be the best surrogate marker allowing feasible routine application in characterizing the infection status of individual *** potentials in using sgRNA as a target for vaccine and antiviral development are worth pursuing.

关键词： Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Non-VOC-D614G RNA-seq Subgenomic RNA(sgRNA)

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