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Regeneration mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for neuromuscular junctions in aging and diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 193-194页

作者： Masashi Fujitani Abu Md Mamun Tarif Yoshinori Otani Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Faculty of MedicineShimane UniversityShimaneJapan

The neuromuscular junction(NMJ)is an essential synaptic structure composed of motor neurons,skeletal muscles,and glial cells that orchestrate the critical process of muscle contraction(Li et al.,2018).The typical NMJ structure is classically described as having a“pretzel-like”shape in mice(Figure 1),whereas human NMJs have a smaller,fragmented structure throughout *** NMJs exhibit smaller or fragmented endplates,partial denervation,reduced numbers of synaptic vesicles,abnormal presynaptic mitochondria,and dysfunctional perisynaptic Schwann cells(Alhindi et al.,2022).

关键词： aging structure Figure

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Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad Al Kabbani Christoph Köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany Center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules P301L pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code

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The outcomes of magnetic sphincter augmentation in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease post bariatric surgery: A systemic review and meta-analysis

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic, and Robotic Surgery 2025年第1期8卷 45-52页

作者： Alkully, Turki Alghamdi, Sara Mahfoud Alzahrani, Najla Khalid A. Alghamdi, Raghad Saeed S. Alghamdi, Sarah Ibrahim Alghamdi, Hassan Mahfouz H. Alzahrani, Afaf Safar E. Department of Internal medicine Faculty of Medicine Al-Baha University Alaqiq 65779 Saudi Arabia faculty of medicine Al-Baha University Alaqiq 65779 Saudi Arabia

Objective: Although bariatric surgeries are widely performed around the world, patients frequently experience the recurrence of pre-existing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms or develop new symptoms, some of which are resistant to medical treatment. This study investigates the effect and outcome of magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA), a minimally invasive treatment for GERD, in this population. Methods: A thorough search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from inception until June 6, 2024 was performed to retrieve relevant studies that evaluated the effects of MSA on the GERD health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) score and the reduction in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. The “meta” package in RStudio version 2023.12.0 + 369 was used. Results: A total of eight studies were included in the systematic review and seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. MSA significantly reduced the GERD-HRQL score (MD = −27.55 [95% CI: −30.99 to −24.11], p university

关键词： Bariatric Gastroesophageal reflux Magnetic sphincter augmentation Sleeve gastrectomy

Cerbera odollam fruit extracts enhance anti-cancer activity of sorafenib in HCT116 and HepG2 cells

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Chinese Herbal medicines 2025年第1期17卷 108-126页

作者： Supawadee Parhira Orakot Simanurak Khemmachat Pansooksan Julintorn Somran Apirath Wangteeraprasert Zhihong Jiang Liping Bai Pranee Nangngam Dumrongsak Pekthong Piyarat Srisawang Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Naresuan University Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Naresuan University Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Naresuan University Department of Physiology Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Naresuan University Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Naresuan University Department of medicine Faculty of Medicine Naresuan University State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese medicine Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health Macau University of Science and Technology Department of Biology Faculty of Science Naresuan University Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Naresuan University Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University

Objective:While higher therapeutic doses of toxic cardiac glycosides derived from Cerbera odollam are frequently employed in cases of suicide or homicide,ongoing research is investigating the potential anticancer properties of low-concentration extracts obtained from the fruits of *** present study aimed to determine the enhanced anticancer effects and minimize potential side effects of combining extracts from *** fruits from Thailand with sorafenib against HCT116 and HepG2 ***:The dried powder of fresh green fruits of *** was fractionated,and its phytochemical contents,including total cardiac glycosides,phenolics,flavonoids,and triterpenoids,were *** cytotoxic effects of these fractions were evaluated against HCT116 and HepG2 cells using the MTT *** fractions showing the most significant response in HCT116 and HepG2 cells were subsequently combined with sorafenib to examine their synergistic *** induction,cell cycle progression,and mitochondrial membrane potential（MMP） were then *** underlying mechanism of the apoptotic effect was further investigated by analyzing reactive oxygen species（ROS） generation and the expression levels of antioxidant ***:Phytochemical analysis showed that ***-ethyl acetate fraction（COEtOAc） was rich in cardiac glycosides,phenolics,and flavonoids,while the dichloromethane fraction（CODCM） contained high levels of triterpenoids and *** 24 h treatment,HCT116 showed the most significant response to COEtOAc,while HepG2 responded well to CODCM with IC50values of（42.04±16.94） μg/mL and（123.75±14.21） μg/m L,***,COEtOAc（20 μg/mL） or CODCM（30 μg/mL）,both administered at sub-IC50concentrations,were combined with sorafenib at 6 μmol/L for HCT116 cells and2 μmol/L for HepG2 cells,incubated for 24 *** combination resulted in a significant suppression in cell viability by approximately 50%.The combination of treatments marked

关键词： apoptosis Cerbera odollam Gaertn. HCT116 HepG2 reactive oxygen species sorafenib

Changes in Depression,Anxiety,and Stress Levels during a Religious Period:A Prospective Cohort Study

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2025年第1期27卷 41-49页

作者： Ibrahim M.Gosadi Family and Community medicine Department Faculty of MedicineJazan UniversityJazan City45142Saudi Arabia

Objective:There is conflicting evidence suggesting an association between Ramadan and mental ***:This study aims to assess changes in depression,anxiety,and stress levels during Ramadan among university students from Saudi Arabia and to measure the magnitude of change in these levels according to ***:This study is a prospective cohort *** was collected using a structured questionnaire that measured demographic data of the students,and levels of depression,anxiety,and stress utilizing the short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales questionnaire(DASS 21).The assessments were performed starting from the month of Shaban(the month that precedes Ramadan),and the second wave of data collection was initiated beginning the second week of Ramadan until the end of the *** in the proportion of students who are categorized as normal or having abnormal degrees of depression and anxiety between Shaban and Ramadan were tested using either the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact ***:A total of 321 students completed the assessment during Shaban and *** than half of the students were male(54.2%),with a mean age of 22.A statistically significant di7fference in levels of anxiety,depression,and stress between the assessment periods was detected(p<0.001).The proportion of students classified as normal increased during Ramadan across all measured conditions in comparison to during *** reduction in the number of students classified as having anxiety,depression,and stress between the assessment periods remained statistically significant across both ***,degrees of change appear to be higher among male students than among female ***:This study identified a reduction in levels of depression,anxiety,and stress among students during the month of Ramadan,as well as gender variation concerning levels of *** results support the significance of considering social,religious,and spiritual aspec

关键词： Depression anxiety stress religion Ramadan

The impact of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),child-turcotte-pugh(CTP)score and disease staging on the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients:a retrospective cohort from single oncology center

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 149-160页

作者： NASSER MULLA YOUSEF KATIB ASIM M.ALMUGHAMSI DUAA S.ALKHAYAT MOHAMED MOSAAD SAMIR T.ALFOTIH RAWAN ALAOFI Department of Internal medicine Faculty of MedicineTaibah UniversityMadinah42278Saudi Arabia Department of Radiology Faculty of MedicineTaibah UniversityMadinah42278Saudi Arabia Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineTaibah UniversityMadinah42278Saudi Arabia Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases Suez Canal UniversityIsmailia41522Egypt King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City Madinah42311Saudi Arabia Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital Madinah41511Saudi Arabia

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common cause of cancer-related death in Saudi *** study aimed to investigate the patterns of HCC and the effect of TNM staging,Alfa-fetoprotein(AFP),and Child-Turcotte Pugh(CTP)on patients’overall survival(OS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 43 HCC patients at a single oncology center in Saudi Arabia from 2015 to *** patients had to fulfill one of the following criteria:(a)a liver lesion reported as definitive HCC on dynamic imaging and/or(b)a biopsy-confirmed ***:The mean patient age of all HCC cases was 66.8 with a male-to-female ratio of 3.3:*** patients were stratified into two groups:viral HCC(n=22,51%)and non-viral HCC(n=21,49%).Among viral-HCC patients,55%were due to HBV and 45%due to *** was diagnosed in 79%of *** and sex did not significantly statistically differ in OS among viral and non-viral HCC patients(p-value>0.05).About 65%of patients had tumor size>5 cm during the diagnosis,with a significant statistical difference in OS(p-value=0.027).AFP was>400 ng/ml in 45%of the *** was a statistically significant difference in the OS in terms of AFP levels(p-value=0.021).A statistically significant difference was also observed between the CTP score and OS(p-value=0.02).CTP class B had the longest *** was the most common treatment provided to HCC patients followed by sorafenib *** was a significant statistical difference in OS among viral and non-viral HCC patients(p-value=0.008).Conclusions:The most common predictors for OS were the underlying cause of HCC,AFP,and tumor *** having non-viral etiology,a tumor size>5 cm,an AFP>400 ng/mL,and a CTP score class C were all negatively associated with OS.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Pattern Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) Child-turcotte-pugh Progression free survival

Persistent challenges in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis due to primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第7期31卷 1-9页

作者： Thang Viet Luong Linh Duy Le Nam Van Duc Nguyen Hai Nguyen Ngoc Dang Department of Internal medicine University of Medicine and PharmacyHue UniversityHue 530000Viet Nam faculty of medicine Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang 550000Viet Nam

In this manuscript,we provide critical commentary on the systematic review by Augustin et al,which investigated acute pancreatitis induced by primary hyperparathyroidism during *** this is an infrequent complication,it poses severe risks to both maternal and fetal *** to its infrequent occurrence in clinical practice,this review is based on an analysis of individual case reports over the past 55 *** this is not the first study to utilize this sampling method for primary hyperparathyroidism-induced acute pancreatitis,it is unique in that it has a sufficiently large sample size with statistically significant *** discussion focuses on the diagnostic challenges associated with this condition,which are grounded in the mechanisms of parathyroid hormone secretion and variations in serum calcium *** also address the limitations of the current review and suggest potential strategies to increase diagnostic accuracy and improve health outcomes for both mothers and fetuses during pregnancy.

关键词： Primary hyperparathyroidism Acute pancreatitis Pregnancy Diagnostic algorithm Parathyroid hormone Systematic review

Rectal ameboma:A new entity in the differential diagnosis of rectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2025年第1期17卷 13-19页

作者： Kemal Bugra Memis Ayse Sena Celik Sonay Aydin Mecit Kantarci Department of Radiology Faculty of MedicineErzincan Binali Yildirim UniversityErzincan 24000Türkiye

We examined the case report written by Ke et al,describing a rare clinical *** this editorial,we would like to emphasize the differential diagnosis of rectal masses through a rare *** describe a case of ameboma,which manifested itself as a mass in the rectum in terms of imaging and rectoscopic features,in an immunocompetent patient who had complaints of constipation and rectal bleeding for *** initial diagnosis suggested malignancy due to imaging and rectoscopic features,but the pathology report reported it as *** ten days of metronidazole and oral amebicide(diloxanide furoate)treatment,the patient’s symptoms and radiological findings were successfully regressed.

关键词： Ameboma Amoebic colitis Rectal mass Immunocompetent patient Imaging findings

Unveiling the intricacies:Insight into gastroesophageal reflux disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 24-41页

作者： Nilanka Wickramasinghe Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboColombo 00800Western ProvinceSri Lanka Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KelaniyaRagama 11010Western ProvinceSri Lanka

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)poses a substantial global health challenge,with prevalence rates exhibiting geographical *** its widespread recognition,the exact prevalence and associated risk factors remain *** article comprehensively analyzed the global burden of GERD,shedding light on its risk factors,underlying pathophysiological mechanisms,current diagnostic modalities,evolving management strategies tailored to diverse patient profiles,and complex determinants contributing to treatment failures.A deeper comprehension of GERD is achieved by dissecting these intricate facets,paving the way for enhanced clinical management and improved patient outcomes.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Risk factors Pathophysiological mechanisms Diagnosis Management